EFFECTS OF AGE,SEX, AND STATUS ON PERCEPTION OF THE UTILITY OF EDUCATIONAL PARTICIPATION

This study investigated the influence of age, sex, and socioeconomic status on the perception of participants in adult education that their participation is useful. Two forms of utility were postulated: instrumental and expressive. An instrument containing scales of perceived utility, needs, goals, time orientation, and enjoyment was administered to selected classes at various educational institutions in the Chicago metropolitan area and, for comparison, a class in Florida. The results permitted inferences that needs, goals, and time orientation partially determine perception that participation is instrumentally useful and that age, status, and femaleness tend to favor perception of expressive utility. The findings supported previous research indicating that adult educational participation is complex behavior involving more than subject matter interests and motivational orientations and opened a new line of attack on the problem.     

谈日语的“テンス” 和“アスペクト”

日语的“时态”和“体”在表现形式上有其自身的特点，本文将对日语和英语的“体”和“时态”进行简略的比较，并就日语的体的语法意义进行主要论述。     

SEX EDUCATION FOR THE MIDDLE AND LATER YEARS: RATIONALE,SUGGESTED CONTENT,AND CONSIDERATION OF APPROACHES

Mature adult sexuality is an area currently gaining recognition in the fields of gerontology and mental health. This paper considers reasons for developing sex education courses for older persons, explores areas of curriculum development, and examines strategies of implementation.     

ASPECTS OF REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF UNDERGRADUATE COURSES A CASE STUDY

This paper ⁽¹⁾ (1) I would like to acknowledge my debt of gratitude to all members of the BAP A Course Board whose collective contribution to the recent CNAA progress review made the writing of this paper possible. View all notes traces the evaluation process of the BA Public Administration course at the Glasgow College. The process ran from September 1985 to November 1986, during which time, the author, a senior lecturer in the Law and Public Administration Department, was a member of the course review committee at the centre of the process, liaising with staff, Faculty, CNAA, external examiners, students, graduates and employers. The outcome was that the CNAA awarded retrospective approval, thus enabling students, enrolled in October 1986, to transfer to the new scheme, and the course board was given delegated authority to make changes without prior approval.

     

THE EFFECT OF SERIAL RETESTING ON THE RELATIVE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH- AND LOW-TEST ANXIOUS SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS1

Serial retesting was investigated as a means of improving the test performance of high-anxious students relative to that of their low-anxious peers. The Test Anxiety Scale for Children was given to about 300 seventh grade students in a suburban school; the middle 50% were eliminated to maximize experimental variance. Six groups were established for high and low anxiety levels and for three ability levels. The Academic Promise Tests (except for the Abstract Reasoning Test) were then given four times at 1-week intervals in the fall of the school year. All groups continued to improve significantly in a monotonic, linear fashion, with the greatest improvement occurring on the Numerical Test. Contrary to expectation, there were no significant interactions among previous achievement levels, predispositional test anxiety levels, and test trials. The greatest change on the Numerical Test occurred between the first test trial and the second test trial.     

《宋诗钞》版本考疑

《宋诗钞》是清代一部很有影响的宋诗选本,其版本现存尚可考知的共有七种。其中清康熙十年三余堂藏版的《宋诗钞选》目前学界尚无人提及,更令人十分疑惑的是:它竟与《宋四名家诗》有着完全一样的《柴望叙》,我们以为这极有可能是书商在编刊时的误孱所致。拙文在考叙《宋诗钞》版本的过程中兼及论此,以期引起学界的进一步思考。     

THE EFFECT OF SELECTED POOR ITEM-WRITING PRACTICES ON TEST DIFFICULTY, RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY

Violations of four selected principles of writing multiple choice items were introduced into an undergraduate political science examination. Three of the four poor practices had no overall effect on test difficulty. A significant (α= .05) interaction effect between the poor practices and course achievement occurred for one of the four practices, with the poorer students generally gaining most from the poorly written items. KR 20 values were significantly lower for sets of items with the same flaws than for "good" versions of the items in three of four comparisons. The reductions in reliability were equivalent to those expected to result from shortening the test by 13 to 56 percent. Concurrent validity (correlation of experimental test scores with final examination scores) was significantly lower in two of four cases. The reductions in validity were equivalent to those expected to result from shortening the test by 56 to 83 percent.     

COGNITIVE,ATTITUDINAL, AND AFFECTIVE ASPECTS OF DEATH AND DYING IN ADULTHOOD: IMPLICATIONS FOR CARE PROVIDERS

Relationships among general anxiety, age, and measures of conscious and unconscious death anxiety were assessed in three groups of adult subjects varying in age and extent of contact with elderly persons. Data suggested that these relationships are complex, but that some degree of overlap exists among these factors both within and across groups. Knowledge and attitudinal data relating to death and aging suggested that similarities rather than differences should be emphasized in comparing these groups of students and care and service providers, and that there is less reason to assume a perceived conscious association between death and aging than previously believed based on current literature. These data are discussed from an applied developmental perspective.     

PERFORMANCE ON THE RAVEN PROGRESSIVE MATRICES AS A FUNCTION OF AGE,EDUCATION, AND SEX

The Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM) were administered to 408 individuals in 100 family groups. Subjects’ ages ranged from 8 to 60. Scores on all five subtests were highest in the 18‐26 age group, decreasing with age. Males scored higher on each subtest in each age group. Performance on the RPM increased with additional years of education. Within each educational level, performance declined with age. Although decline with age appears to be invariant with education, changes in schools and educational methods may be factors operating in addition to aging.     

多目标城市土地定级估价与城市最佳地域结构研究

城市土地定级估价是城市土地管理和土地有偿使用的基础工作。城市土地管理的中心任务是加强土地资产管理和土地资源的合理利用、配置。本文针对现有城市土地定级估价的不足,提出了多目标城市土地定级估价的概念、理论依据和工作程序,并对如何利用多目标城市土地定级估价成果确定城市最佳地域结构进行了实例探讨。     

CHOICE OF VARIABLES AND GENDER DIFFERENTIATED PREDICTION WITHIN SELECTED ACADEMIC PROGRAMS

The existence of differential prediction of 2-year grade point average is reported for gender groups within programs of study at a large state university. Johnson-Neyman analyses indicate regions on the predictor score scales where differential prediction has practical impact within each program. A significant portion of students is generally affected. It is shown that careful selection of a subset of variables reduces differential prediction while maintaining predictive potency.     

SEX AS PREDICTIVE OF SALARY AND STATUS ON A UNIVERSITY FACULTY

An investigation of the existence and extent of sex-based inequities in rank and pay on a University faculty yielded several suggestions of discrimination against women. Data on professional experience, publications, honors, rank and pay were collected by means of a questionnaire distributed to 372 faculty members. Within a sample of 128 who answered all requisite items, sex added significantly to the predictability of salary beyond that achieved by multiple measures of merit and experience, including mean salary for rank and department. Sex itself did not predict rank or a measure designed to reflect speed of advancement through the ranks. Terms reflecting interactions of sex and merit were capable of improving prediction of all three status measures, however, suggesting differences in the reward structure for the sexes.