清代徽州的拟血亲承继——以《星源甲道张氏宗谱》为中心

星源甲道张氏延光公泾邑后里派二十六世、二十七世所载同宗承继占拟血亲承继的61%和70%,昭穆相当和先亲后疏原则也得到了较好的实施,说明在清代徽州的拟血亲承继中,宗法原则仍然占据主导地位。而异姓承继也日益普遍与合法化,它逐渐蚕食和瓦解森严保守的徽州宗族社会,这种蚕食和瓦解速度相对比较缓慢。     

青少年依恋发展特点的初步研究

以四所中学初一至高三六个年级的学生为被试,用问卷调查的方式,探讨青少年依恋的发展特点,结果发现:不论是家庭依恋还是朋友依恋在青少年群体中依然可以分为四个类型;青少年依恋风格分布的稳定性与文化和个体自身特征及其发展规律紧密相联;家庭依恋与朋友依恋两种不同的依恋关系在风格上存在着迁移性,但异变因素仍然存在;初三年级(大约16岁)是青少年阶段依恋发展的一个特殊时期.     

Understanding and supporting adoptive families

The number of adopted children in early childhood classrooms continues to rise each year; teachers need knowledge of adoption issues in order to face the unique challenges and meet the special needs of these children and their adoptive parents. This article provides “adoption awareness” for early childhood educators and offers practical suggestions for working with adoptive parents and their children. A list of adoption resources and consultants is included, along with a collection of suggested adoption books for young children.     

基于家庭动力学的儿童注意缺陷多动障碍干预研究

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种常见的儿童行为障碍,主要表现为注意力分散、活动过多和冲动行为。本文基于家庭动力学理论,对ADHD的病因、治疗和干预研究现状以及家庭开展的干预措施进行总结,为今后注意缺陷多动障碍儿童在家庭治疗和干预方面提供依据。     

家庭因素对民办学校中学生职业理想的影响

运用有关问卷,对浙江省诸暨市某民办学校827名初高中生进行调查,结果显示:(1)民办学校中学生职业理想种类分布比较集中,又很狭窄;同时存在重视脑力劳动工作、轻视体力劳动工作的倾向。(2)所列的家庭诸因素中,年均收入、父亲职业、家庭亲密度、家庭亲和性4个因素是影响职业理想的稳定因素。     

母子依恋与幼儿焦虑的关系

本研究以194名3～6岁幼儿及其母亲为被试,采用报告法测查幼儿的焦虑状况及其与母子依恋的关系.结果表明:在各焦虑症状中,女孩的躯体伤害恐惧得分显著高于男孩,低社会经济地位组幼儿的焦虑总分、分离焦虑、强迫一冲动障碍和广泛性焦虑得分显著高于中等和/或高社会经济地位组儿童,而中、高社会经济地位组儿童之间无显著差异;母子依恋与幼儿的焦虑总分及各焦虑症状(除强迫一冲动障碍)得分之间均呈显著负相关.     

成人依恋类型影响社交焦虑障碍发生的回归分析

本研究的目的在于对成人依恋类型与社交焦虑障碍的关系进行深入探讨，为建立SAD的成人依恋心理表征模型提供依据。结果表明：成人依恋先占类型对社交焦虑障碍发生的影响作用是正常组的4．48倍，而拒绝类型对社交焦虑障碍发生的影响作用是正常组的4．76倍，恐惧类型对社交焦虑障碍发生的影响作用是正常组的66．67倍。成人依恋类型是SAD发病的核心因素，就像一个桥梁，其他因子是围绕着成人依恋不同的类型表现而起着不同的影响。     

碰撞与交融:关汉卿杂剧的家庭伦理问题

关汉卿现存杂剧内容丰富,有相当数量的作品直接或间接涉及了家庭关系及伦理道德,反映了家庭伦理与亲情、法律两方面的关系。家庭伦理是古代社会伦理道德的重要组成部分,凝聚着浓厚的文化底蕴,既出于人的自然感情,也出于社会对人的道德约束。在这种传统文化的影响下,关剧中家庭伦理和亲情、法律产生了碰撞和交融,理性的超越和感性的升华在矛盾中达到了和谐。此现象的出现有着深广的文化内涵,是中国伦理文化的一种表现。     

掘取社会的深井,张扬人性的旌旗--二十世纪中国家族小说发展略论

20世纪的中国文学从家族母题切入五四的时代主题,至20世纪90年代的流行是经过一个漫长的发展过程的,从鲁迅开始,此后许多作家在家族小说的创作中都有继承和发展,也出现了一些代表作,但是直到80年代中后期,家族小说才有大的突破,模式上继承了五四文学叛逆与教赎的模式,但又有所创新.作家的探寻一是注重对历史的个人体验,二是注重发挥家族叙事的自由空间,表现民族及人类的生存特点.这是由主客观两方面的原因造成的,主观上是作家自身的反省与探索;客观上一是结构样式的特殊性,二是历史的变迁与文化转型.     

鲍尔比的依恋理论及其临床应用

鲍尔比是英国著名的精神分析学家和儿童精神病学家,是依恋理论的创始人。他通过研究母爱剥夺对儿童心理发展带来的不良影响,阐述了以精神分析学说、动物行为学和进化论思想为基础的依恋理论,并提出＂内部工作模型＂的概念用以解释依恋的作用机制。鲍尔比还以依恋理论为基础,并结合自己的临床经验提出了家庭治疗方法。鲍尔比的依恋理论很好地发展了精神分析理论,同时还为之后依恋理论的实践和发展提供了理论框架。     

Work–family relations among mothers of children with learning disorders

The study examined conflict and facilitation in work–family relations among working mothers of children with learning disorders (LD) or with typical development. The study also focused on three maternal personal resources (maternal anxious/avoidant attachment security, affect and sense of coherence) as antecedents of these work–family relations, and examined outcomes of such conflict and facilitation between the two life domains, as they affected patterns of close relationships within the family (child attachment and family cohesion). The sample included 96 mother–child dyads: 48 mothers and their children with LD; and 48 mothers and their typically developing children. Children’s ages were 8–12 years. All attended public elementary schools in urban areas of central Israel. Significant group differences emerged on mothers’ family to work conflict and on mothers’ work to family facilitation. Findings indicated that several maternal personal resources were antecedents of these relations and also contributed to differences in mother–child attachment relationships and family cohesion. Discussion focused on understanding work–family relations among these mothers of children with LD, as well as the influence of maternal personal resources on patterns of close relationships (i.e., child attachment, family cohesion).     

The developmental trajectory of Borderline personality disorder and peer victimisation: Australian family carers’ perspectives

Victimisation is a traumatic experience linked to development of Borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, there is limited research investigating the developmental journey prior to BPD diagnosis. School environments offer an opportunity for BPD prevention and early intervention. A survey with 19 Australian family carers of people with BPD asked what they noticed during the person’s infancy, childhood and adolescence, and their experiences of seeking help during that time. Sensitivity was most noticeable during infancy; difficulty making friends, school refusal/truancy and being bullied were prominent concerns once the child was at school; and concerns about anger, moodiness and impulsivity were the strongest prompts to seek help during adolescence, though doctor or teacher recommendation to do so was uncommon. BPD family carers’ experiences suggest that improved focus on addressing bullying and communication is needed.     

注意力缺陷多动障碍超常儿童:特质、鉴别与干预

从特质、鉴别以及干预等方面综述了国内外注意力缺陷多动障碍超常儿童的研究进展.描述ADHD儿童与超常儿童共存的特质,对ADHD超常儿童与一般超常儿童和ADHD儿童进行比较;介绍智力测验、行为观察和创造力测验等多种鉴别方法,通过不同方法对多种能力进行评估可提高鉴别准确性;对ADHD超常儿童进行教育干预,既要通过药物和行为治疗,弥补其缺陷,更要设计合理的超常教育方案,促进其潜能的实现.     

Accounting for Student Success: An Empirical Analysis of the Origins and Spread of State Student Unit-record Systems

This event history analysis explores factors driving the emergence over recent decades of comprehensive state-level student unit-record [SUR] systems, a potentially powerful tool for increasing student success. Findings suggest that the adoption of these systems is rooted in demand and ideological factors. Larger states, states with high proportions of students of traditional college-going age, and states subject to federal civil-rights monitoring, were more likely to adopt SUR systems, suggesting influences of demands posed by size and legal constraints. In addition, states with more liberal citizen ideology were more likely to adopt the systems. Interestingly, the strength of private colleges and universities in a state worked against the adoption of SUR systems, suggesting that privacy and autonomy concerns were important deterrents to adoption. The results of this analysis illuminate the factors that inhibit and enhance SUR systems’ organizational and philosophical acceptance, and thus ideally can contribute to future policymaking in this arena.

家庭心理学：基于系统观点的考察

家庭心理学是指以系统观点为基本立场和出发点,对个体、夫妻和家人在相互关系及其广泛的活动环境中的思想、情感和行为进行研究的科学。家庭心理学的生成源于系统运动的影响、心理学中长期蕴含着的整体观以及对精神病家庭的研究。家庭心理学对家庭系统的组分、结构、环境、控制、发展以及功能进行了深入研究,为我们勾勒了一幅清晰的家庭系统的图景。家庭心理学所遵循的系统观点对促进传统心理学方法论的变革具有重要的意义。     

基于MEMS和GSM模块远程监护的实验和研究

提出了基于MEMS和GSM短信沟通平台的检测人体跌倒、自动发送手机短信报警以及紧急呼救的智能监护系统,以实现对居家老人的远程监护和突发意外的及时警报。系统由三大模块组成,其中采集模块、通讯模块和控制模块分别为SIEMENS TC35模块和MMA7260QT加速度传感器以及低功耗单片机STC12LE5204AD,采用AT指令程序实现单片机控制GSM模块自动发送跌倒求救短信。该系统较一般检测算法不同:对人体进行动静态姿势分类,自动检测是否进入省电模式并启用随时唤醒机制;预设的紧急报警按钮使用户能够及时自主求救。实验证明,基于MEMS和GSM的老人监护系统能够及时有效地对居家老人进行可靠监护,对保障老人生命安全具有重要应用意义。     

对情绪失调的智力障碍学生心理辅导的个案研究

情绪失调是一种常见的心理问题,它严重影响了孩子的心理健康和身体发育。为了避免情绪失调所带来的厌学、退缩、拒食等问题行为,探索改变情绪失调的有效策略,本研究从认知的角度出发采用了心理辅导及家庭介入的方法,取得了比较理想的效果。研究发现,通过改变家庭环境中的人为因素以及运用认知重建等策略能较好地改变因情绪失调产生的问题行为。