考试公平是教育公平的重要体现

考试不仅是社会育人、量人、选人的重要机制,而且是教育机会和资源分配的重要依据。在考试中坚持公平性,是促进教育公平建设的重要组成环节,对促进经济和社会发展、贮备人才、实现人力资源强国具有重要的意义和价值。     

Leading Change for Student Achievement

This article argues that in order to meet the heightened expectations now placed on schools in a knowledge society, avoid cultural resistance to positive change by those in schools and achieve improved student outcomes (attitudinal, behavioural and academic), we need to not only engage multiple forms of leadership but also have a more complex understanding of relationships between these leaderships and a range of other school and contextual variables. Evidence employed from recent research funded by the Australian Research Council supported by a range of reviews of mainly North American literature on the effects of leadership on student outcomes helps with an identification of these variables and their relationships. Three major, sequential and aligned elements are identified for successful school reform with the leadership emphasis changing with each element. The first element relates to how people are communicated with and treated. Success is more likely where people act rather than are always reacting, are empowered, involved in decision-making through a transparent, facilitative and supportive structure, and are trusted, respected, encouraged, and valued. The second element concerns a professional community. A professional community involves shared norms and values including valuing differences and diversity, a focus on implementation and continuous enhancement of learning for all students, de-privatisation of practice, collaboration, and critical reflective dialogue, especially that based on performance data. The final element relates to the presence of a capacity for change, learning and innovation, or professional learning community. Each element and each transition between them is facilitated by an appropriate ongoing, optimistic, caring, nurturing professional development program.     

Leading Organizations for Universal Design

The purpose of this article is to provide a model for helping campus leaders create and sustain efforts to fully incorporate Universal Instructional Design (UID) throughout their institutions. The article uses a multiple dimension model of organizational behavior as the basis for making recommendations to support this type of institutional transformation.     

Leading assessment for enhanced student outcomes

This paper reports the leadership findings that emerged from the Alberta Student Assessment Study, a large-scale study employing a mixed-method design. Findings included the importance of assessment leadership, credibility of leaders, capacity to make hard decisions and ability to lead professional learning. An optimal assessment leadership profile emerged which includes values and assessment knowledge, mediated by personal qualities and accompanied by an interplay between procedural knowledge and professional skills. This informs leadership vision and actions leading to increased assessment literacy, more effective monitoring and reporting practice, enhanced instructional practice, enriched partnerships with parents and community members and positive student outcomes.     

Leading Differentiated Learning for the Gifted

This study examined similarities and differences in the perceptions of principals and teachers about the use of differentiated strategies for gifted learners and studied principals’ perceptions about schoolwide differentiation. Comparisons of these perceptions have been undoc-umented to date. Participants included 867 teachers and 120 principals from government schools in Sydney, Australia. A mixed methods approach was used, including online questionnaires and case studies of principals. Results revealed significant differences between the perceptions of principals and teachers about differentiated practices. The case studies demonstrate that exemplary principals continually enhance their understanding of differentiated learning and build their teachers’ collective capacity for educating gifted learners. The findings indicate the need for stronger pedagogical congruence between principals and teachers in educating the gifted, ongoing professional education of principals and teachers in gifted education, and effective leadership actions for schoolwide differentiated learning.     

Teaching cell and molecular biology for gender equity

Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, including cell biology, are characterized by the "leaky pipeline" syndrome in which, over time, women leave the discipline. The pipeline itself and the pond into which it empties may not be neutral. Explicating invisible norms, attitudes, and practices by integrating social studies of science into science education may be the necessary first step in helping female students persist in STEM disciplines. In 2003 and 2004, a sophomore Cell and Molecular Biology course at Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA) was taught integrating social studies of science with standard material. The course was successfully implemented, teaching students factual content while increasing awareness of the cultures of science and their self-confidence in engaging with the subject. Course evaluation data indicated that females in particular perceived greater gains in logical thinking and problem-solving abilities than females in a traditional cell biology course. Consistent with K-12 studies, males in this class were likely to view scientists as male only, whereas females viewed scientists as male and female. This pilot project demonstrates that social studies can be integrated successfully in a cell biology course. Longitudinal studies of this cohort of students will indicate whether this approach contributes to the retention of women in the field.     

School leadership for equity: lessons from the literature

Responding to Thrupp's [2003. “The School Leadership Literature in Managerialist Times: Exploring the Problem of Textual Apologism.” School Leadership & Management: Formerly School Organisation 23 (2): 169] call for writers on school leadership to offer ‘analyses which provide more critical messages about social inequality and neoliberal and managerialist policies’ we use Foucault's [2000. “The Subject and Power.” In Michel Foucault: Power, edited by J. D. Faubion, 326–348. London: Penguin Books] theory of power to ask what lessons we might learn from the literature on school leadership for equity. We begin by offering a definition of neoliberalism; new managerialism; leadership and equity, with the aim of revealing the relationship between the macropolitical discourse of neoliberalism and the actions of school leaders in the micropolitical arena of schools. In so doing, we examine some of the literature on school leadership for equity that post-dates Thrupp's [2003. “The School Leadership Literature in Managerialist Times: Exploring the Problem of Textual Apologism.” School Leadership & Management: Formerly School Organisation 23 (2): 149–172] analysis, seeking evidence of critical engagement with/resistance to neoliberal policy. We identify three approaches to leadership for equity that have been used to enhance equity in schools internationally: (i) critical reflection; (ii) the cultivation of a ‘common vision’ of equity and (iii) ‘transforming dialogue’. We consider if such initiatives avoid the hegemonic trap of neoliberalism, which captures and disarms would be opponents of new managerial policy. We conclude by arguing that, in spite of the dominance of neoliberalism, head teachers have the power to speak up, and speak out, against social injustice.     

Issues in choosing a strategy for achieving salary equity

This paper focuses on the issues involved in selecting a strategy that could be carried out by institutions to achieve salary equity between male and female faculty. My goal is to provide institutional researchers, analysts, and administrators with an understanding of the major issues that are involved in formulating a salary adjustment plan. I provide an overview of strategies that institutions could employ, and examine how they compare based on equity of salary adjustments, political constraints, cost to the institution, and whether the plan removes inequities.     

实践是大学生成才的金钥匙

针对在校大学生缺乏实践锻炼、影响成长成才的问题,提出了实践是大学生成才的金钥匙的命题,并进一步阐述了实践对于培养大学生运用知识能力和科技创新能力,提高大学生适应社会能力的重要作用.     

Training for equity and excellence for college teachers of hearing-impaired students

A two-year research and faculty development project at Gallaudet University examined professor-student interactions and developed and implemented a faculty development model designed to promote equitable and effective teacher-student classroom interaction. A discussion of the research design, training model and results of the investigation are discussed.     

Reconceptualising equity: Pedagogy for Chinese students in Australian schools

Education Queensland’s New Basics project has extended conceptions of ‘equity’ to incorporate dimensions such as higher order thinking and student control of classroom activity. This requires a critique of the outcomes attained by even high achieving students. It is therefore useful to interrogate professional discourses that shape pedagogies for particular groups of students. In this paper, discourses on ‘the Chinese learner’ are reviewed. The review raises new issues of equity because Chinese students are often high achievers in Australian schools, but are frequently criticised for learning in ways that seem to fit uneasily with the types of pedagogy now valorised in Queensland. The paper concludes with a note of caution about the definition of high quality academic outcomes in the new policy, and the effects of a gap between understandings of equity and professional discourses and practice.     

Teachers, equity, and computers for secondary mathematics learning

The findings presented in this article were derived from a 3- year study aimed at examining issues associated with the use of computers for secondary mathematics learning in Victorian (Australia) schools. Gender and other equity factors were of particular interest. In this article, the focus is on the participating mathematics teachers. Data on their perceived competence levels with technology, and their use of and beliefs about computers for their male and female students’ mathematics learning were gathered. A clear majority of teachers felt comfortable about, and did use, computers for teaching mathematics, and believed that computers helped students’ mathematical learning. Generally, the teachers considered boys to be more confident and capable than girls with computers. The results have implications for pre-service education programs and for the professional development of practicing secondary mathematics teachers.Various findings included in this article have been presented at a range of mathematics education conferences including: AAMT (2003), MAV (2003), and ICME 10 (2004).     

Action research for gender equity in a late modern society

This paper discusses how action research could be a useful method in order to work for social justice in societies between the modern and the postmodern. The examples are locally bound, since they emanate from parts of Swedish society. However, by being contextually politically aware of how power rules in a local politcal context and how the local, in different contradictory ways, is a piece in a jigsaw puzzle which trancends local and even national boundaries—the principles for carrying through these action research projects for social justice could be used in other contexts. Theoretically, it draws on feminist poststructural theories and discusses concerns with the normalizing and regulative aspects of dominant discourses especially regarding gender equity. The two concepts ‘moments of normalization’ and ‘moments of equity’, which highlight the motor of the changing process in the bodies of the participants, are useful since they simultaneously highlight the ways in which power rules in local contexts as well as possible and different ways of creating possible and different rules for reaching what could be defined as ‘social justice’. It is argued that by analysing different arenas of practices in these ways the local is not seen as separate from the global.     

Inclusive education: a prerequisite for equity and social justice

Asia Pacific Education Review - Whether education fosters equity and social justice, as it is said to do, is a matter of debate. Whatever the outcome of the debate, education has a better chance of...     

教育市场化与教育公正

教育市场化是运用市场的理念、原则和方式,对作为公共事业的教育,进行运营的一种手段,它追求教育效率的最大化。教育凭证、择校制度、学费和贷款等教育市场化的形式,有助于形成一种新的教育公正关系。但教育市场不是完全的市场,而是一种有限的市场,它需要政府的规制和引导。政府要确保教育市场的非营利性,建立弱势群体的补偿制度,克服市场对公正的不利影响,使教育市场化与教育公正构成一种融合关系。