浅谈民生新闻采访的策略与技巧

近年来电视新闻界使用的一个全新的一个名词就是"民生新闻",这说明社会对民生的关注在不断提升,而对于采访的质量要求也越来越高,这就要求新闻采访者要抓住采访技巧与策略以提升采访质量。采访技巧已成为民生新闻采访构成中关键的一项技能。而在在进行新闻采访的过程中,只有善于运用采访技巧,才能获得更多有价值的新闻资料与线索。因此,锻炼自身的采访技巧,增加新闻采访的成功率,已经成为新闻工作者最为重要的任务之一。本文在对民生新闻采访的探究上,重点探讨了民生新闻的采访策略与技巧。     

网络媒体新技术给新闻采制和传播带来的变革

在网络上的视频技术、数字技术发展起来的今天,新闻记者通过网络对地球上任何地方的任何人,通过视频进行面对面的采访已经变得在通常不过的事情。网络采访(即电子邮件书面采访、视频面对面采访等)最终将成为媒介工作者日常新闻报道的主要采访手段。这种采访手段将大大扩展新闻记者的采访范围,大大减少采访所需的时间、人力和费用,大大提高新闻报道的时效。     

基于网络的中职学校图书馆文献采访工作

通过问卷调查,对中职学校图书馆的文献采访环境、采访方式、采访手段、网络采访存在问题等方面进行分析,提出基于网络的中职学校图书馆采访工作的建议,包括挑选符合学校专业设置的图书供应商、重视网络采访信息源的收集和利用、构建合理的选书模式、提高采访人员的素质等。     

论高校图书馆采访质量的有效控制

采访员、采访模式、采集过程是影响采访工作的三个主要因素。根据采访工作性质与任务选择优秀的采访员,在分析各种常用采访模式优缺点的基础上,确定目前理想的模式,通过改善采购过程各具体环节的工作等措施,可达到有效控制采访工作的质量。     

高校图书馆图书采访工作的质量管理

文章在介绍图书馆采访工作质量管理的基础上,以图书采访工作为例,通过对采访前、采访过程和采访后的质量控制,从而实现对整个采访工作的质量管理.     

“上海之窗”图书采访工作现状分析及实践研究

分析了"上海之窗"图书采访工作的现状,包括图书采访类别和语言版本等。根据对现场采购、目录征订、个人推荐、机构赠书、网上采访等5种不同采访方式的分析,对各类主题图书的采访进行了实践性研究,以便将来更高效地开展该项目的图书采访工作。     

谈谈记者怎样更好的坚持深入实际深入群众的采访路线

记者在采访工作中,除了在组织上要依靠各级党委外,还要遵循一条正确的采访路线,深入实际,深入群众,是党的新闻采访工作的优良传统。记者在采访工作中,怎样才算是坚持了深入实际、深入群众的采访路线呢?     

新时期高校图书馆图书资源采访模式的变化和策略

本文通过作者近几年图书采访工作经历,从采访渠道、采访方式、读者参与、为本科教学服务等方面阐述了高校图书馆在新时期采访工作模式和采访策略从单一被动到灵活开放,以人为本的改革和变化。     

论新时期地方高校图书馆采访工作应遵循的八项原则

针对地方高校图书馆采访工作的现状及问题,提出图书采访工作应遵循的具体原则,即根据学校教学要求制定采访工作规划、结合图书馆实际制定采访计划等,对当前地方高校图书馆采访工作提出一种新的工作思路。     

浅谈心理学在新闻采访中的运用

简要介绍了心理学在新闻采访中的运用。首先对在采访中运用心理学的必要性进行了论述。接着针对采访事件、采访对象的情况不同,就如何在采访中成功运用心理学这一问题,进行了较为具体的运用分类,做了深入浅出的阐述。     

Projects as communicating systems: Creating a culture of innovation and performance

Although often downplayed and instrumental, there is evidence that communication in projects is essential in achieving value creation. Our main interest in this paper is on temporary continuity, a situation where the temporary becomes a permanent condition in social systems. The question that we have address is: What characterizes project communication in a situation with temporary continuity?We argue for the need to transform communication processes into communication capabilities. In a situation with temporary continuity, there is a need to connect to a large number of value-creating processes, and communicating capabilities need to be a part of a communication system, where the aim is to bind together value-creating processes and communication capabilities. We construct a viable system consisting of five sub-systems. To become a viable system, projects in the form of temporary continuity, must handle the potential conflict between a culture of performance and a culture of innovation. This involves developing social mechanisms for coordination and interaction, with a focus on developing communication capabilities, in parallel with focusing on all of the five value-creation processes.     

1961-2013年华北晋冀山地和黄土高原区树木生长季变化趋势

为预测气候变化下的森林植被生长季特征变化,本文基于华北晋冀山地区和黄土高原区两个区域44个气象站1961-2013年日气温数据,分析了华北湿润半湿润地区两个区域树木生长季特征的变化趋势。定义生长季开始时间为当连续5天日平均温度≥5℃,选第5天作为生长季开始时间;生长季结束时间为当秋季连续5天日平均温度<5℃,选第5天作为生长季结束时间。结果表明:①1961-2013年晋冀山地区和黄土高原区以及两个区域整体树木生长季开始时间呈现显著提前趋势,变化速率分别为-1.7d/10a、-2.1d/10a和-1.9d/10a;树木生长季结束时间均呈现显著延后趋势（p<0.05）,变化速率分别为0.9d/10a、1.1d/10a和1.0d/10a;研究区树木生长季长度表现出明显的延长趋势,晋冀山地区和黄土高原区以及两个区域整体的树木生长季长度时间变化速率分别为2.6d/10a、3.2d/10a和2.9d/10a,树木生长季长度分别延长13.3d、16.4d和14.8d;②1961-2013年,海拔对树木生长季指标的影响,除了对晋冀山地区的树木生长季开始影响不大以外,对于两个研究区的其他树木生长季指标均有显著影响;研究区树木生长季指标（生长季开始时间,结束时间和生长季长度）与春季和秋季气温都显著相关;③1961-2013年,树木生长季开始时间变化趋势在整个研究区空间上大部分呈提前趋势,树木生长季结束时间大部分呈延后趋势和树木生长季长度的变化趋势在空间上则大部分呈延长趋势。     

Website usage metrics: A re-assessment of session data

Metrics derived from user visits or sessions provide a means of evaluating Websites and an important insight into online information seeking behaviour, the most important of them being the duration of sessions and the number of pages viewed in a session, a possible busyness indicator. However, the identification of session (termed often ‘sessionization’) is fraught with difficulty in that there is no way of determining from a transactional log file that a user has ended their session. No one logs out. Instead a session delimiter has to be applied and this is typically done on the basis of a standard period of inactivity. To date researchers have discussed the issue of a time out delimiter in terms of a single value and if a page view time exceeds the cut-off value the session is deemed to have ended. This approach assumes that page view time is a single distribution and that the cut-off value is one point on that distribution. The authors however argue that page time distribution is composed of a number of quite separate view time distributions because of the marked differences in view times between pages (abstract, contents page, full text). This implies that a number of timeout delimiters should be applied. Employing data from a study of the OhioLINK digital journal library, the authors demonstrate how the setting of a time out delimiter impacts on the estimate of page view time and the number of estimated session. Furthermore, they also show how a number of timeout delimiters might apply and they argue that this gives a better and more robust estimate of the number of sessions, session time and page view time compared to an application of a single timeout delimiter.     

Kalman滤波器在单运动目标自动跟踪中的应用

在系列帧图像中对运动目标以直方图为模型的模板方法进行匹配,由于模板匹配计算量非常大,要想在整幅图像中对目标进行搜索匹配,同时又要达到实时是不可能的。我们对目标状态进行可靠的估计,可以在相对较小的区域内完成对模板的搜索,Kalman滤波器就是一个对动态系统的状态序列进行线形最小方差估计的算法。通过以动态的状态方程和观测方程来描述系统,它可以将任意一点作为起点开始观测,采用递归滤波的方法计算。该算法具有计算量小、可实时计算的特点。     

Location extraction from tweets

Five hundred million tweets are posted daily, making Twitter a major social media platform from which topical information on events can be extracted. These events are represented by three main dimensions: time, location and entity-related information. The focus of this paper is location, which is an essential dimension for geo-spatial applications, either when helping rescue operations during a disaster or when used for contextual recommendations. While the first type of application needs high recall, the second is more precision-oriented. This paper studies the recall/precision trade-off, combining different methods to extract locations. In the context of short posts, applying tools that have been developed for natural language is not sufficient given the nature of tweets which are generally too short to be linguistically correct. Also bearing in mind the high number of posts that need to be handled, we hypothesize that predicting whether a post contains a location or not could make the location extractors more focused and thus more effective. We introduce a model to predict whether a tweet contains a location or not and show that location prediction is a useful pre-processing step for location extraction. We define a number of new tweet features and we conduct an intensive evaluation. Our findings are that (1) combining existing location extraction tools is effective for precision-oriented or recall-oriented results, (2) enriching tweet representation is effective for predicting whether a tweet contains a location or not, (3) words appearing in a geography gazetteer and the occurrence of a preposition just before a proper noun are the two most important features for predicting the occurrence of a location in tweets, and (4) the accuracy of location extraction improves when it is possible to predict that there is a location in a tweet.     

The Turing Triage Test

If, as a number of writers have predicted, the computers of the future will possess intelligence and capacities that exceed our own then it seems as though they will be worthy of a moral respect at least equal to, and perhaps greater than, human beings. In this paper I propose a test to determine when we have reached that point. Inspired by Alan Turing’s (1950) original “Turing test”, which argued that we would be justified in conceding that machines could think if they could fill the role of a person in a conversation, I propose a test for when computers have achieved moral standing by asking when a computer might take the place of a human being in a moral dilemma, such as a “triage” situation in which a choice must be made as to which of two human lives to save. We will know that machines have achieved moral standing comparable to a human when the replacement of one of these people with an artificial intelligence leaves the character of the dilemma intact. That is, when we might sometimes judge that it is reasonable to preserve the continuing existence of a machine over the life of a human being. This is the “Turing Triage Test”. I argue that if personhood is understood as a matter of possessing a set of important cognitive capacities then it seems likely that future AIs will be able to pass this test. However this conclusion serves as a reductio of this account of the nature of persons. I set out an alternative account of the nature of persons, which places the concept of a person at the centre of an interdependent network of moral and affective responses, such as remorse, grief and sympathy. I argue that according to this second, superior, account of the nature of persons, machines will be unable to pass the Turing Triage Test until they possess bodies and faces with expressive capacities akin to those of the human form.     

关于寂寞的自白——《艾格妮丝·格雷》

日记是秘密性最强的一种私人文献,可以毫无顾忌地真诚面对自己的灵魂,真正的日记作者,内心深处都隐藏着一种挥之不去的、强烈的孤寂感。安妮·勃朗特根据日记撰写的《艾格妮丝·格雷》叙述的是一个家庭女教师的故事,实际上是家庭女教师寂寞、孤独的自白,这部自白既是私人的,也是集体的,是19世纪英国社会一个特殊知识阶层痛苦、压抑的精神自白。     

基于企业竞争战略的企业性质研究

基于企业竞争战略的企业性质研究目前有三种代表性的观点第一,企业是价值活动的集合体;第二,企业是核心能力的集合体;第三,企业是战略资源的集合体。本文认为,企业是顾客需求的集合体,顾客是企业持续竞争优势的来源。     

Accessing and Browsing Information and Communication,by Ronald E. Rice,Maureen McCreadie,and Shan-Ju L. Chang. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press, 2001. xiii + 357 pp., $45.00. ISBN 0-262-18214-9.

Critics have argued that information and communication technologies (ICTs) disconnect people from their social networks and reduce public participation. Research in support of this perspective has been biased by two assumptions. The first is a tendency to privilege the Internet as a social system removed from the other ways people communicate. The second is a tendency to favor broadly supportive strong social ties. Survey and ethnographic observations from Netville, a 2-year community networking experiment, suggest that weak, not strong ties experience growth as a result of ICTs. By examining a unique and underexplored stage in the life cycle of a community networking project, the end of a networking trial, this article demonstrates how ICTs facilitate community participation and collective action (a) by creating large, dense networks of relatively weak social ties and (b) through the use of ICTs as an organizing tool.