大品牌食品、食品系统及全球健康

谁支配着全球食品系统?总的来说世界食品系统被生产大品牌食品的寡头卖主垄断着,而不是小生产者竞争的市场。但是,被大品牌食品垄断的全球食品体系,满足不了现代饮食的健康与安全需求。仅凭寡头卖主,难以保证现代饮食的健康与安全,因为利润增长是其首要目标。公共卫生界的核心目的就是必须让大品牌食品的盈利动机与公众健康的目标相一致。不采取直接的、相关的行动去揭露和制约大品牌食品的既得利益的话,那么贫困的流行、饥饿和肥胖很可能会变得更加严重。     

转基因食物:不确定性,信任与责任

那些正式通过的与转基因食物有关的规定,被期待能够给予那些一直认为被批准售卖的产品是安全的消费者以安全保障。大多数科学家一致认同转基因农作物的安全性。然而,对健康风险作出的相互矛盾的报道,与出现在科学文献中的那些转基因农作物联系在了一起。这样一来,人们都赞同这样一种结论,即风险评估也具有科学不确定性,并且,这种科学不确定性需要的不仅仅是科学知识。要建立并解决科学内在的不确定性与来自普通消费者所要求的安全感之间的争论,科学共同体连同业界、政策制定者一起,应该创建一个开放的、具有自我反思性的、兼顾了多个学科背景的技术评估程序,并且,这个技术评估是,经由不同社会参与者们所构成的社会知识再综合形成的科学知识而做出的技术评估。尤其是参与其中的科学共同体,还应该坦承转基因农作物的一些不确定性和风险性的存在,并保证有关转基因农作物的研究不受那些大公司地位的左右。从某种程度上来说,一些研究机构所委任完成的科学知识的增长应该促使把这些研究机构本身当作一个新的讨论事情的聚集点,并使民众能获得有建立民主管理的可能性的必要工具,使他们能够通过生物学创新,在现在和未来两者间作出选择,并能够成为知识社会中的积极参与者。     

瓣结鱼的食谱及食性研究

瓣结鱼为水中垂直取食的温和肉食性鱼类．从140尾鱼（体长9．57-44．2cm）肠内含物分析,其食谱以水生昆虫及其幼、稚虫为主,该类食物出现率为99．29％,其次为螺、蚌等软体动物,出现率为15％．摄食强度有明显的季节性变化,以春季的3、4月最高,分别为93．33％和70．33％,5－7月较低,其它月份较为稳定．冬季以及生殖群体在繁殖季节无停食现象．该鱼的肠长／体长为1．21(N＝341）,其视觉在摄食中起重要作用．     

Using Food Science Demonstrations to Engage Students of All Ages in Science,Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics (STEM)

Abstract: The overarching goal of the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Initiative is to foster effective STEM teaching and learning throughout the educational system at the local, state, and national levels, thereby producing science literate citizens and a capable STEM workforce. To contribute to achieving this goal, we have assembled six food science demonstrations for use at all educational levels and have presented these lessons to students at the elementary through higher education levels. The focus of this article is to share these food science demonstrations and our experiences using them so that others can use them for engaging students in STEM disciplines, through food science, at any educational level. Featured demonstrations include: (1) liquid nitrogen ice cream: a matter of changing phases, (2) seeing our senses work together, (3) whipping up the cream, (4) milk versus dark: what is the difference?, (5) counting calories by burning them, and (6) culinary spherification: the wonders of cross‐linking. Overall, our experience with using these demonstrations has been very positive. Students appear engaged in the learning process and love to consume the demonstration end products. Downloadable handouts containing demonstration details for each demonstration are available as supporting information.     

全国第二届食品经济管理论坛(2012年)会议综述

“全国第二届食品经济管理论坛”是由山东省食品工业协会主办、德州学院和山东省高校食品经济管理人文社科研究基地承办的产业和科研相结合的重要学术交流活动.在此次论坛上,与会专家和学者围绕现代食品企业管理、食品质量安全、食品产业发展、食品工业经营体制创新等热点和重点问题,进行了深入的研讨和交流,取得了许多重要共识,对促进食品及相关产业的进步和健康发展与提高中国食品经济研究水平和管理水平具有重要的意义.     

Saying Grace: Praying over the Loss of African-American Religious and Food Culture (and How They are Related)

This article investigates the joint losses of food and religious culture in the African-American community, which has had a significant impact on the African-American community. Beginning with a historical perspective on the role of food in both a religious and cultural context, the article offers an analysis of why the dual losses have occurred, identifies the consequences of the losses, and suggests strategies for redressing the problem.     

苏东坡食事诗文探析(下)

苏轼宦海“漂流四十年”,历县治以上90余城,足迹行程逾万里,忠勤公事,乐观率性,一饮一啄关乎民生己生,经意不经意间留下大量食事信息,成为研究北宋饮食文化的珍贵的宝库。本文在梳理苏轼食事诗词文基础上就其在饮食、茶、酒三方面诗词作一初步分析,并高度评价苏轼在推动食事登上诗歌大雅之堂的突出贡献。     

Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Education Division Competition 2010 Winner: The Organic Price Tag

Abstract: One of the core competencies in the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Education standards is for students to achieve competency in communication skills (that is, oral and written communication, listening, interviewing, and so on). According to the IFT guidelines, by the time students graduate, they should not only be able to search for and condense information, but also be able to “communicate technical information to a nontechnical audience.” The Education Division of IFT sponsors a writing competition for undergraduate students to bring attention to and promote the development of communication skills. It has been shown that employees/entry‐level scientists who can communicate technical and nontechnical concepts succinctly will be in a better position to achieve management status after entering the work force. Monetary prizes are awarded to the authors of the top three papers. A revised version of the winning entry is published in the Journal of Food Science Education for dissemination to a world‐wide audience.     

粮食安全:粮食产量影响因素

2008年金融危机席卷全球,与之伴随的还有石油危机与粮食危机.这种互为推动、相互叠加的双重危机,给世界粮食供给带来了深刻的影响.不少国家经不住这种迅速而猛烈的冲击,粮食供给短缺,粮荒和饥饿时有发生,社会动荡不安.大量事实告诉人们:粮安天下.国以民为本、民以食为天,手中有粮、心里不慌,家不可一日无米、国不可一日无粮.无粮则饥,无粮则疫,无粮则乱.粮食问题已经不是某个国家的问题,而是逐步演变为世界性、国际性问题——粮食安全.从统计学的角度,建立回归模型,找出影响粮食产量的因素以及影响度,并建立回归方程,提出了相关政策建议.     

农业、农产品加工及饮食文化

饮食文化的物质基础是农产品,因此其必然受到农业和农产品加工业的影响。现代农业产业、产品结构的调整和农业、加工业新技术的推广应用,对传统饮食文化产生了强烈的冲击。中西农业结构和饮食嗜好的差异则导致了中西饮食文化观念的冲突。未来的饮食文化将向简便、营养、安全、美观等方向发展。     

Teaching Poverty With Geographic Visualization and Geographic Information Systems (GIS): A Case Study of East Buffalo and Food Access

Although various methods have been used to teach about poverty in the social work classroom (e.g., quantitative, historical, and qualitative), the use of geographic visualization and geographic information systems (GIS) has become a relatively new method. In our analysis of food access on the East Side of Buffalo, New York, we demonstrate the unequal access that predominately African American areas of Buffalo have to grocery stores when compared to communities with a smaller proportion of African American residents. We attempt to demonstrate how geovisualization can be used to teach poverty to social work students differently than traditional methods. We note three specific advantages for its use in teaching about poverty. First, spatial information encourages ecological and systems thinking. Second, geovisualization can aid social workers in identifying specific community needs to stakeholders, because maps are accessible and easily understood. Finally, new GIS technologies are accessible to the student and may require less sophisticated and esoteric training.     

《饮膳正要》中的食物种类和饮食养生

元人忽思慧所撰《饮膳正要》为元代食品学和营养学专著,对食物种类、食物特性,饮食禁忌和医疗功效及饮食理念有较为详细的论述,为颇具价值的古代食谱和食疗典籍,有助于了解我国古今食物种类、饮食问题和医疗功效。     

Casualised academic staff and the lecturer-student relationship: Shame, (Im)permanence and (Il)legitimacy

Abstract

This paper is based on findings from an email interview study with 20 academics (17 women, 3 men) in the UK on short-term, insecure or ‘casualised’ contracts. The paper focuses on their perceptions of the effect their contract status has on the lecturer/student relationship: particularly in regard to student perceptions of their legitimacy and status. Using a poststructuralist theoretical lens, we explore lecturers’ concerns or anxieties as to whether they may be interpreted as less legitimate than permanent staff; and the emotional labour involved in the work done to ‘cover’ for the difficulties that a lecturer’s contract status causes for the quality of their teaching content and organisation. We also explore the considerations of some participants to voluntarily ‘disclose’ their status to students and the possibilities of such acts as a form of resistance to dominant discourses of the legitimate academic.     

Bionic Woman (2007): gender, disability and cyborgs

This paper explores a representation of overlapping categories of gender, disability and cyborgs in Bionic Woman (2007). The television show Bionic Woman (2007) is a popular culture representation that uniquely brings together these categories. Three themes emerged from an analysis of blogger discourse surrounding the show. The themes reveal significant disempowering potentialities for women, individuals with and without disabilities and cyborgs. Conclusions and implications of these themes are offered.