MARKETING HIGHER EDUCATION: MYTHS AND PROBLEMS

The budgetary decentralization of higher education in the United Kingdom calls for individual institutions and units within them to take increasing responsibility for raising their own funds. The author, who argues that higher education institutions must derive an increasing proportion of their budgets from the marketing of their products goes on to explain how this can be done. To begin with, the nature of marketing and of market research must be well understood, and the legitimacy of the marketing process itself must be accepted by all the members of the university community. It is then necessary to do a marketing audit so as to establish what a given institution has to sell and what its outside environment wishes to buy. Flexibility on the part of the seller with regard to type, level, duration, and scheduling of courses is very important. It is also necessary to be able to persuade the potential buyer that he wants to have what the seller has to offer. At this point, however, the author cautions the reader as to the dangers of some seven market myths as applied to higher education and the dangers of oversell. He concludes that with prudence higher education can be marketed to the satisfaction of all concerned with results which avoid the “unhappy paradox” that the marketing of higher education is both essential and disastrous.     

作为国际商品的知识与教育:公共产品的消解

全球化是 2 1世纪高等教育的核心部分之一。它带来了许多机会 ,同时又是一项挑战 ,对发展中国家来说尤其这样。全球化有许多不平等的因素 ,包括 :英语的广泛使用 ,这对那些不以英语作为教学语言的国家不利 ;知识产品如数据库等的所有权 ;发达国家大学在学术交流和其他联系方面处于主导地位。WTO和目前关于服务贸易协定的争论体现了全球化的复杂性。服务贸易协定寻求开放全球的高等教育市场 ,但与此同时 ,这也会影响到许多国家对高等教育决策的控制权     

STATE SUPPORT FOR INTERINSTITUTIONAL TRANSFER AND ARTICULATION: THE IMPACT OF DATABASES AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Research since the mid-1960s has demonstrated the relative paucity of state support for the transfer function of postsecondary institutions, particularly community colleges, while emphasizing the importance of support for student access to the full range of higher education opportunities. Ewell and Jones (1991) and Russell (1999) however, have documented that the state policy and planning environment for student transfer changed in the 1990s. At least 43 states, plus Puerto Rico, have ongoing student information systems that include data elements pertaining to transfer students and, thus, have the capacity to affect the transfer environment through data-based analysis of transfer student educational outcomes. This article presents the results of a national study of the purpose, structure, and impact of databases and information systems maintained on transfer students by state higher education agencies. The study concluded that, although most states have an increasing ability to collect, manipulate, and use such data to inform the policy process, state higher education agencies generally do not monitor or assess the effectiveness of their databases and information systems to help improve outcomes for transfer students. A major challenge for state higher education agencies and state policy makers is to develop measures and strategies for determining the effect of state and institutional policies on transfer students.     

树立大系统教育观办好高职教育

教育是一项复杂的系统工程，办好教育必须树立系统思想，办好高等职业技术教育更应该树立大系统教育观的办学思想。在大系统教育观的理论指导下，更新教育教学观念，探索可持续发展的具有中国特色的高职办学模式，确定为社会服务、为地方经济服务、为学生服务的办学原则，高职教育才能顺利进入与市场经济相适应的协调状态。     

全球化与大学--不平等世界的神话与现实

关于全球化对高等教育的影响,已经有许多讨论了。有人认为,全球化、互联网与科学共同体可以使各国在知识相互依存的新时代,在高等教育这一竞技场获得平等的机会。有人则宣称,全球化不但意味着世界性的不平等,而且会导致大学“麦当劳化”。也有人认为,当前高等教育所面临的压力,从高等教育大众化到私立高等教育的增长,都是全球化的结果。在这些假设中,有些是正确的、符合实际的,但是也存在不少误解。本文的目的在于“揭示”高等教育全球化与国际化的真实状况,着重讨论全球化对高等教育的一些影响方式。本文特别关注的是:全球化在怎样影响着发展中国家,特别是那些在未来几十年面临着高等教育规模扩展的国家。     

体验教育：当代教育的呼唤

随着我国教育体系改革的不断深化,体验教育已经成为当代教育研究的新课题,教育发展的新方向,是当代教育的呼唤。文章将论述体验教育与传统教育的区别,揭示体验教育对高等教育的意义。     

高校教育培养成本核算问题探讨

高校教育培养成本资料是对有关各方都有重要价值的信息,但我国学者在这方面的理论研究较多,实践较少,没有能够及时获得高校教育成本信息的可行方法。加强高校管理,提高办学效益迫切需要对高校成本进行核算。因此,要认真分析探讨我国实际进行高校成本核算应首先解决的问题,以利于进行高校教育成本核算。     

高等教育与区域发展-以"首都教育"为视角的考察

高等教育与区域发展具有相关性 ,我国经济发展呈现区域化趋势 ,沿海地区展开教育资源竞争 ,以此带动人才战略、技术升级和产业换代及文化发展。在以知识为基础的经济背景下 ,教育被列入第三产业 ,高等教育的发展有可能也有必要与区域经济发展相结合 ,研究北京地区高教发展的有利与不利条件以及高教向边缘发展 ,向沿海发展 ,向企业教育和民办教育发展的趋势。高等教育发展正面临着新一轮资源配置 ,高等教育走廊和远距离校区就是资源重新配置的表现。可以看出高等教育与区域经济发展 ,以及与交通及通讯事业发展的相关性比以往任何时候都更加突出     

数学研究性学习及问题探究钟爱霞

数学研究性学习,是当前基础教育改革在数学教育方面的一个亟待解决的十分重要的问题。本文作了实例研究,从两个不同的角度作了如何构想数学问题,如何提出问题并引导学生进行研究性学习的探究。     

HIGHER EDUCATION: CHANGING TASKS AND DEFINITIONS

Given the unprecedented expansion of European higher education systems over the last twenty‐five years, it has become increasingly difficult to analyse and to classify the different types of systems and institutions. At the same time, however, it has become all the more important to be able to do so in ways which give accurate and usable results. While commenting on the ambiguities and inaccuracies of the various approaches to classification which certain specialists have proposed, the author argues in favour of his own functional approach to the classification of universities by ideal type as based on extrapolations from heuristic definitions which he formulates of four national models of higher education institution: the research model of Germany, the personality development model of England, the training model of France, and the diversified model of the United States, the lattter combining elements of the first three. Individual institutions and systems in Europe and in North America reflect the typologies of these models in infinitely varying proportions. Armed with the ability and the willingness to analyse according to these models, future students of higher education should place less emphasis on analysing the formal aspects of structural differentiation and more on the functional features of tertiary education and research institutions so as to produce more accurate and usable analyses, definitions, and classifications.

     

基于政策视角下的高等教育不公平

对高等教育公平的追求是人们的天性所使然,当前我国高等教育政策制定过程中,政策制定主体偏重"效率"的价值选择倾向;高等教育政策目标忽视对公平的追求;高等教育政策程序公平性不足等问题直接导致我国高等教育政策的不公平性,更谈不上推进我国高等教育的持续健康发展和高等教育公平的实现。只有进一步发挥高等教育政策在高等教育公平实现过程中的积极指导作用,才能有力推进我国高等教育公平的实现。     

高等教育中心形成规律及其动力机制初探

高等教育中心是西方现代高等教育在传入我国的过程中历史形成的一个个区域性高等教育基地。文章尝试探求它们形成和演变的规律,并从自然、政治、经济、文化等各方面对高等教育中心形成的动力机制进行了初步的探讨。     

韩国高等教育发展现状及其启示

随着经济全球化和知识经济的发展,韩国高等教育正在发生着深刻的变化。这主要表现在规模扩张、结构优化、教育经费和对经济发展做出卓越贡献等方面。试分析韩国高等教育发展现状并论述其对我国高等教育发展的启示作用。     

Happiness in Higher Education

This paper investigates the higher education literature surrounding happiness and related notions: satisfaction, despair, flourishing and well‐being. It finds that there is a real dearth of literature relating to profound happiness in higher education: much of the literature using the terms happiness and satisfaction interchangeably as if one were tantamount to the other, such conflation being due to the move towards consumerism within higher education and the marketisation of the sector. What literature there exists that actually deals with the profound happiness of students in higher education, generally argues that in the United Kingdom institutions do not currently do enough to promote happiness in higher education. These findings imply that flourishing, contentment and well‐being should be regarded as legitimate goals of higher education, alongside satisfaction and related economic outcomes that are currently promoted across academic and policy literature, university rankings and the National Student Survey.     

浅谈高校德育工作的教学与改革

高校的德育工作,是高校教育的一个重要内容,但是如何做好高校的德育工作,也是高校工作的一个难题。本文在简要阐述德育、高校德育的基础上,依照当今我国高校德育的现状,分析我国高校德育存在的问题,并对问题进行反思和建议。     

Do educational pathways contribute to equity in tertiary education in Australia?

A key assumption of equity policies in Australia, as in many countries, is that pathways from lower-status, vocationally oriented ‘second’ tiers of tertiary education to ‘first’ tier higher education are able to act as an equity mechanism. This is because students from low socio-economic backgrounds are over-represented in former and underrepresented in the latter. The assumption that pathways support equity is tested in this paper through an analysis of the socio-economic profile and institutional destination of student transfers from vocational education and training to higher education in Australia. It finds that educational pathways deepen participation in education by existing social groups but do not effectively widen participation for groups that do not have equitable access. This is as a consequence of the hierarchical structuring of qualifications within VET as well as in higher education.     

系统论在成人高等教育质量保障中的运用

教育质量是成人高等教育的生命线,质量的保障与提高是成人高教问题研究的重点。成人高等教育作为一个完整的系统,从其系统特性出发分析如何保障成人高教质量的问题值得深究。     

Higher education — Public policy-making and implementation

The turbulence which occurred in higher education institutions in the 1960s and 1970s led to considerable interest in examining the processes involved in higher education reform. The most comprehensive attempt at planned change in higher education was made in Sweden. This article analyses the decision-making and the policy-implementation processes in Swedish higher education as a way of illuminating the more general problem of understanding the nature of the processes involved in higher education reform. The article concludes that the data do not fit the standard models of public choice nor do they confirm prevailing notions about policy failure.     

ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND THE DIMINISHED SUBJECT

ABSTRACT:  Discussions about freedom of speech and academic freedom today are about the limits to those freedoms. However, these discussions take place mostly in the higher education trade press and do not receive any serious attention from academics and educationalists. In this paper several key arguments for limiting academic freedom are identified, examined and placed in an historical context. That contextualisation shows that with the disappearance of social and political struggles to extend freedom in society there has come a narrowing of academic life and a new and impoverished concept of 'academic freedom' for a diminished idea of the human subject, of humanity and of human potential .     

20世纪德国高等教育改革及其当代启示

洪堡传统是德国高等教育的基石,其基本的理念是学术修养与精英教育。但是这一传统在面临新的情况时出现了种种问题,在恪守传统与寻求变革之间,德国人试图找出可以平衡二者的方法,即在精英教育与职业教育之间寻求妥协。当下中国的高等教育也存在着诸多弊病,其中最突出的问题之一就是大学生的就业难问题。在解决这个问题之前,我们首先应当明确的是,大学教育应偏重于精英化即培养大师,还是应当往职业化的方向发展即为劳动力市场培养具备职业技能的合格劳动者。但是问题在于,我们的大学既未能培养出真正的大师,也没能训练出适应社会需要的具备职业技能的合格劳动者。德国的高等教育发展也经历过与我们同样的问题,因此研究其解决这些问题的方法必定能够为我们带来一些有益的启示。