Effect of three cooking methods on nutrient components and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys praecox C.D. Chu et C.S. Chao)

Three cooking methods, namely boiling, steaming, and stir-frying for 5 to 10 min, were used to evaluate the effect on nutrient components, free amino acids, l-ascorbic acid, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). Results showed that boiling and stir-frying had a great effect on the nutrient components and they decreased the contents of protein, soluble sugar, and ash, and caused a great loss in the total free amino acids (decreased by 38.35% and 34.86%, respectively). Significant differences (P<0.05) in free amino acids were observed in the samples cooked by different methods. Stir-fried bamboo shoots had a high fat content which increased by 528.57% because of the addition of edible oil. After boiling, the L-ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents were significantly reduced, while steaming increased total phenolic content by 3.98% and stir-frying well-preserved L-ascorbic acid (78.87% of its previous content). Results of the antioxidative property study showed that stir-frying could increase antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots. It is concluded that stir-frying is more suitable for bamboo shoots because it could obtain the maximum retention of antioxidant capacities.     

Isolation and physiological characteristics of a premature senescence mutant in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A rice pse(t) (premature senescence, tentatively) mutant line, was isolated from 4500 independent T-DNA inserted transgenic lines. The symptoms of premature senescence appeared more severely than those of the control plants (Zhonghua 11,japonica) at the last development stage. To characterize the mutant and provide basic information on the candidate genes by mapping to a physical region of 220-kb, experiments were carried out in two phytotrons under controlled temperature of 24 ℃ and28 ℃, respectively. The content of chlorophyll, soluble protein and MDA (malondialdehyde), net photosynthesis, the antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD (superoxide dismuase) (EC 1.15.1.1) and POD (peroxidase) (EC 1.11.1.7) and the peptidase activities of leaves were measured from top to bottom according to the leaf positions at the flowering stage. Compared with the control plant,the mutant showed the following characteristics: (1) Higher net photosynthesis rate (Pn) appeared in the 1 st and 2nd leaves, contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein were also higher in the 1 st leaf; (2) The activities of SOD, POD and peptidase were higher according to the leaf position from top to bottom; (3) The symptom of premature senescence was accelerated in the mutant at 28℃treatment. The MDA content and the SOD and POD activities between the 24 ℃ and 28 ℃ treatment mutants were not significantly different. Content of chlorophyll and soluble protein of leaves mutant decreased rapidly at 28 ℃ treatment. The results show that pse(t) is sensitive to high temperature. The probable function of PSE(T) is discussed.     

Stabilization for a class of second-order switched systems with saturation constrains

This paper proposes a global stabilization method for a class of planar switched systems with input saturation constrains by using a state feedback and switching strategy. This method is proved to be effective by analyzing the characteristics of the trajectory of second-order linear systems with input saturation. Project supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.20070420643), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60774059), and the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Grant No.08DZ2272400)     

System dynamics approach to urban water demand forecasting

A system dynamics approach to urban water demand forecasting was developed based on the analysis of urban water resources system, which was characterized by multi-feedback and nonlinear interactions among system elements. As an example, Tianjin water resources system dynamic model was set up to forecast water resources demand of the planning years. The practical verification showed that the relative error was lower than 10%. Furthermore, through the comparison and analysis of the simulation results under different development modes presented in this paper, the forecasting results of the water resources demand of Tianjin was achieved based on sustainable utilization strategy of water resources. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50578108), Doctoral Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No.20050056016), National Key Program for Basic Research (“973” Program, No.2007CB407306-1), Science and Technology Development Foundation of Tianjin (No.033113811 and No.05YFSYSF032), Educational Commission of Hebei Province (No.2008324) and Tianjin Social Key Foundation (No.tjyy08-01-078). ZHANG Hongwei, born in 1956, male, Dr. Prof.     

Control system for dynamic testing platform of asymmetrical pitch mechanism

A novel asymmetrical pitch system for rotary wing is presented. The pitch control characteristics are studied and analyzed. Because elastic linkage is a key part in whole asymmetrical pitch system, in order to obtain the variation of the elastic linkage deformation, an experimental platform mainly based on the device of micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) and a new control system mounted on TMS320LF2407 are designed. This control system has its compacted configuration and reliability. Finally, using this system to control the MAV for simulating the flying forward, experimental results show the MAV’s flight attitude can be controlled based on the variation of the elastic linkage. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60605028), the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2007AA04Z225), the Shanghai Rising-Star Program (Grant Nos.07QA14024, 07QH14006), the Shanghai Shuguang Program (Grant No.07SG47), and the Shanghai Leading Key Laboratory of Mechanical Automation and Robotics Science Foundation (Grant No.ZZ0805)     

Improvement of the termination criterion for subdivision of the rational Bézier curves

By using some elementary inequalities, authors in this paper makes further improvement for estimating the heights of Bézier curve and rational Bézier curve. And the termination criterion for subdivision of the rational Bézier curve is also improved. The conclusion of the extreme value problem is thus further confirmed. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60173034) and the Foundation of State Key Basic Research(973) Program (No. G1998030600), China     

Interactions of cadmium and aluminum toxicity in their effect on growth and physiological parameters in soybean

The effect of Al and Cd on the growth, photosynthesis, and accumulation of Al, Cd and plant nutrients in two soybean genotypes were determined using hydroponic culture. There were six treatments: pH 6.5; pH 4.0; pH 6.5 1.0 μmol/L Cd; pH 4.0 1.0 μmol/L Cd; pH 4.0 150 μmol/L Al; pH 4.0 1.0 μmol/L Cd 150 μmol/L Al. The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate. Al-sensitive cv. Zhechun 2 accumulated comparatively more Al and Cd in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Liao 1. Compared with pH 6.5, pH 4.0 resulted in significant increase in Cd and Al concentration in plants. Combined application of Cd and Al enhanced their accu-mulation in roots, but caused a reduction in shoots. The concentrations of all 10 nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B), except Mo were also increased when plants were exposed to pH lower than pH 6.5. Al addition caused a reduction in the con-centration of most nutrients in plant roots and shoots; but K, Mn and Zn in roots were increased. Treatments with Cd alone or together with Al reduced the concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plants. Al-sensitive genotype Zhechun 2 has lower nutrient concentration than Al-tolerant genotype Liao 1. The current findings imply that Al and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth, physiological traits and nutrient uptake.     

Designing reduced beacon trajectory for sensor localization

Localization is one of the substantial issues in wireless sensor networks. The key problem for the mobile beacon localization is how to choose the appropriate beacon trajectory. However, little research has been done on it. In this paper, firstly, we deduce the number of positions for a beacon to send a packet according to the acreage of ROI （region of interest）; and next we present a novel method based on virtual force to arrange the positions in arbitrary ROI; then we apply TSP （travelling salesman problem） algorithm to the positions sequence to obtain the optimal touring path, i.e. the reduced beacon trajectory. When a mobile beacon moves along the touring path, sending RF signals at every position, the sensors in ROI can work out their position with trilateration. Experimental results demonstrate that the localization method, based on the beacon reduced path, is efficient and has flexible accuracy.     

Construction simulation and real-time control for high arch dam

A method of combining dynamic simulation with real-time control was proposed to fit the randomness and uncertainty in the high arch dam construction process. The mathematical logic model of high arch dam construction process was established. By combining dynamic construction simulation with schedule analysis, the process of construction schedule forecasting and analysis based on dynamic simulation was studied. The process of real-time schedule control was constructed and some measures for dynamic adjustment and control of construction schedule were provided. A system developed with the method is utilized in a being constructed hydroelectric project located at the Yellow River in northwest China, which can make the pouring plan of the dam in the next stage (a month, quarter or year) to guide the practical construction. The application result shows that the system provides an effective technical support for the construction and management of the dam. ZHONG Denghua, born in 1963, male, Dr, Prof. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50539120), National Basic Research Program of China(“973”Program,No. 2007 CB714101), National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.50525927), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50579045).     

Extending attributes page: a scheme for enhancing the reliability of storage system metadata

In an object-based storage system, a novel scheme named EAP （extending attributes page） is presented to enhance the metadata reliability of the system by adding the user object file information attributes page for each user object and storing the file-related attributes of each user object in object-based storage devices. The EAP scheme requires no additional hardware equipments compared to a general method which uses backup metadata servers to improve the metadata reliability. Leveraging a Markov chain, this paper compares the metadata reliability of the system using the EAP scheme with that using only metadata servers to offer the file metadata service. Our results demonstrate that the EAP scheme can dramatically enhance the reliability of storage system metadata.     

A new algorithm for designing developable Bézier surfaces

A new algorithm is presented that generates developable Bézier surfaces through a Bézier curve called a directrix. The algorithm is based on differential geometry theory on necessary and sufficient conditions for a surface which is developable, and on degree evaluation formula for parameter curves and linear independence for Bernstein basis. No nonlinear characteristic equations have to be solved. Moreover the vertex for a cone and the edge of regression for a tangent surface can be obtained easily. Aumann’s algorithm for developable surfaces is a special case of this paper. Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2004CB719400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 60373033 and 60333010) and the National Natural Science Foundation for Innovative Research Groups (No. 60021201), China     

Cluster parallel rendering based on encoded mesh

INTRODUCTION Three dimensional (3D) meshes are widely used to represent 3D objects. With the rapid advances in digital acquisition technology, meshes with millions of vertices are becoming increasingly common. Be- cause of memory constraints and lack of graphics power, visualizations of this magnitude are difficult or impossible to perform even on the most powerful workstations. Therefore, the need for parallel im- plementation is clear. Most previous work in high performance rendering h…     

Proteome changes in the plasma of Papilio xuthus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): effect of parasitization by the endoparasitic wasp Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Although the biochemical dissection of parasitoid-host interactions is becoming well characterized, the molecular knowledge concerning them is minimal. In order to understand the molecular bases of the host immune response to parasitoid attack, we explored the response of Papilio xuthus parasitized by the endoparasitic wasp Pteromalus puparum using proteomic approach. By examining the differential expression of plasma proteins in the parasitized and unparasitized host pupae by two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, 16 proteins were found to vary in relation to parasitization compared with unparasitized control samples. All of them were submitted to identification by mass spectrometry coupled with a database search. The modulated proteins were found to fall into the following functional groups: humoral or cellular immunity, detoxification, energy metabolism, and others. This study contributes insights into the molecular mechanism of the relationships between parasitoids and their host insects. Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2006CB102005), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30571251 and 30170626), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of the Ministry of Education of China (No. NCET-05-0513), and the Innovation Research Team Program of the Ministry of Education of China (No. IRT0535)     

Visible region extraction from a sequence of rational Bézier surfaces

A method for computing the visible regions of free-form surfaces is proposed in this paper. Our work is focused on accurately calculating the visible regions of the sequenced rational Bézier surfaces forming a solid model and having coincident edges but no inner-intersection among them. The proposed method calculates the silhouettes of the surfaces without tessellating them into triangle meshes commonly used in previous methods so that arbitrary precision can be obtained. The computed silhouettes of visible surfaces are projected onto a plane orthogonal to the parallel light. Then their spatial relationship is applied to calculate the boundaries of mutual-occlusion regions. As the connectivity of the surfaces on the solid model is taken into account, a surface clustering technique is also employed and the mutual-occlusion calculation is accelerated. Experimental results showed that our method is efficient and robust, and can also handle complex shapes with arbitrary precision. Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2002CB312106) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 60533070, and 60403047). The third author was supported by the project sponsored by a Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (No. 200342) and a Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-04-0088), China     

Effect of NaCl treatments on glucosinolate metabolism in broccoli sprouts

To understand the regulation mechanism of NaCl on glucosinolate metabolism in broccoli sprouts,the germination rate,fresh weight,contents of glucosinolates and sulforaphane,as well as myrosinase activity of broccoli sprouts germinated under 0,20,40,60,80,and 100 mmol/L of NaCl were investigated in our experiment.The results showed that glucoerucin,glucobrassicin,and 4-hydroxy glucobrassicin in 7-d-old broccoli sprouts were significantly enhanced and the activity of myrosinase was inhibited by 100 mmol/L of NaCl.However,the total glucosinolate content in 7-d-old broccoli sprouts was markedly decreased although the fresh weight was significantly increased after treatment with NaCl at relatively low concentrations(20,40,and 60 mmol/L).NaCl treatment at the concentration of 60 mmol/L for 5 d maintained higher biomass and comparatively higher content of glucosinolates in sprouts of broccoli with decreased myrosinase activity.A relatively high level of NaCl treatment(100 mmol/L) significantly increased the content of sulforaphane in 7-d-old broccoli sprouts compared with the control.These results indicate that broccoli sprouts grown under a suitable concentration of NaCl could be desirable for human nutrition.     

湖北饮食文化解构

在中国饮食版图,湖北饮食占有十分重要的地位,湖北饮食不仅有着悠久的历史,而且曾经一度是整个南方饮食的旗帜,代表中国鱼米文化的最高境界。文章在研究湖北饮食文化的历史进程的基础之上深入分析了湖北饮食的鲜明特色,为中国饮食文化积累了宝贵的资料。     

Analysis of 3D curve expansion of conical oscillating tapered roller follower cam with

This paper focuses on the analysis of running conditions and machining processes of conical cam with oscillating follower. We point out the common errors existing in the design and machining of the widely used plane expansion method of conical cam trough-out line. We show that the motion can be divided into two parts, i.e. the oscillating motion of oscillating bar and the rotary motion of oscillating bar relative to the conical cam. By increasing the rotary motion of oscillating bar, the motion path of tapered roller on oscillating bar （i.e. contour surface of conical cam） can be expanded on the cylinder. Based on these analyses, we present a creative and effective designing and machining method for 3D curve expansion of conical cam with oscillating follower.     

Transient expression of chicken alpha interferon gene in lettuce

We investigated the possibility of producing chicken alpha interferon (ChIFN-α) in transgenic plants.The cDNA encoding ChIFN-a was introduced into lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants by using an agro-infiltration transient expression system.The ChIFN-α gene was correctly transcribed and translated in the lettuce plants according to RT-PCR and ELISA assays.Re-combinant protein exhibited antiviral activity in vitro by inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication on chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF).The results demonstrate that biologically active avian cytokine with potential pharmaceutical ap-plications could be expressed in transgenic lettuce plants and that it is possible to generate interferon protein in forage plants for preventing infectious diseases of poultry.     

Evaluation of fracture damage of SUS306 structural steel using ultrasonic testing

High frequency ultrasonic nondestructive testing was conducted using a direct contact method for SUS306 stainless steel treated by high temperature and fracture tensile tests. Reflected ultrasonic echoes were analyzed. The relationships between the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, strength of backscattering wave and the elongation at break of the samples were obtained. The damages were evaluated by using these results together with the analysis of microstructure and mechanics of the tested material. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60472102), and the Innovative Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Grant No.07ZZ03)     

Polynomial-time interior-point algorithm based on a local self-concordant finite barrier function

The choice of self-concordant functions is the key to efficient algorithms for linear and quadratic convex optimizations, which provide a method with polynomial-time iterations to solve linear and quadratic convex optimization problems. The parameters of a self-concordant barrier function can be used to compute the complexity bound of the proposed algorithm. In this paper, it is proved that the finite barrier function is a local self-concordant barrier function. By deriving the local values of parameters of this barrier function, the desired complexity bound of an interior-point algorithm based on this local self-concordant function for linear optimization problem is obtained. The bound matches the best known bound for small-update methods. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10771133), the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.S30101), and the Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No.200802800010)