An examination of the interactions between museum educators and students on a school visit to science museum

Today, science is a major part of western culture. Discussions about the need for members of the public to access and understand scientific information are therefore well established, citing the importance of such information to responsible citizenship, democracy, socially accountable scientific research and public funding (National Research Council [2009] Learning science in informal environments: People, places, and pursuits. National Academies Press). In recent years there has been an increased interest in investigating not just what visitors to informal environments have learnt after a visit, but also how visitors interact and engage with exhibits during the visit (Davidsson & Jakobsson [2012] Understanding interactions at science centers and museums: Approaching sociocultural perspectives. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers). Within the field of school visits to science museums, however, interactions between students and museum educators (MEs) remain relatively unexplored. In our study of such school visits, we are mainly interested in the interactions that take place between three agents—the students, the museum educator and the physical setting of the exhibit. Using moment-to-moment fine grain analysis of multiple interactions allowed us to identify recurring patterns between students and the museum educators around exhibits, and to examine the MEs’ mediational role during the interactions, and the practices they employ to engage students with exhibits. Our study revealed that most interactions between MEs and students consist of technical explanations of how to operate the exhibits. The interactions that do move past this stage often include two main practices, which the MEs use to promote students’ engagement with the exhibits: physical instruction and engaging the students emotionally. Understanding what is actually happening in the learning process that occurs during students’ interactions with exhibits can help museum educators and exhibit designers improve the experiences of students on school visits.     

Examining school inspectors and education directors within the organisation of school inspection policy: perceptions and views

State school inspection creates expectations in the interface between transnational ideas and national policy contexts. This article investigates how inspectors and education directors understand and reformulate their regulatory roles in relation to the new framework for school inspection policy in Norway. Using data from the LEX-EL project, interviews with 3 educational directors and 6 school inspectors in 3 County Governors' Offices were analyzed. The article draws on organizational theory, within the concept of institutionalization. Findings suggest inspectors function as change agents, channeled through inter- and intra-institutional cooperation. Additionally directors are more tightly coupled to their counterparts in other counties. Moreover, the role of school inspectors is moving from a compliancy-based focus to increased emphasis on self-evaluation and quality assessment.     

The relationship between perceptions of a Chinese high school's ethical climate and students' school performance

This study examined the relationship of school ethical climate and students' school performance within the context of a Chinese high school. Gender and grade‐level differences in ethical climate perceptions were also explored. Survey data on perceptions of school ethical climate based upon the dimensions of student‐to‐teacher, student‐to‐student and teacher‐to‐student interactions and relationships were obtained from 754 students. Results of the study showed that students' perceptions of their high school's ethical climate were related to academic achievement, gender and grade level. Students' involvement in extracurricular activities and student leadership generally did not seem to relate to their perceptions of ethical climate. Based upon these findings, the school's moral education intervention programs should increase their focus on the area of teacher‐to‐student relationships and interactions and the subgroups of male students, students in higher grades and students with lower academic achievement. Implications for future research on school climate are also discussed.     

Teacher perceptions of school culture and their organizational commitment and well-being in a Chinese school

This study aims to analyze and validate the dimensions and specific features of a school culture in a Chinese context. A sample of 181 teachers from a Chinese primary and secondary school in Beijing participated in a survey that measures school organizational cultural characteristics and teacher organizational commitment and well-being as outcomes of school culture. Specific cultural characteristics of this school and their impact on teacher organizational commitment and well-being were identified. The findings provide important information for understanding a school culture in the Chinese context. It enriches the theory related to school culture and the research findings that have been identified in the Western settings.     

High school student satisfaction and perceptions of the school environment

The satisfaction of high school students was studied using an adaptation of reinforcement theory. An instrument entitled Students and Their Schools was developed to assess the perceived availability and value of 35 different academic and interpersonal dimensions of the high school environment and student satisfaction with these areas. This was distributed to 411 students in two city and three suburban public high schools. Availability of resources alone is more highly related to satisfaction than their value. Small but consistent differences were found between male and female students, with suburban females reporting lower levels of availability and satisfaction but higher value ratings than other students. City students have higher levels of satisfaction, but lower levels of value, than suburban students. Most of the differences concerned academic aspects of school and interactions with administrators and faculty. If students perceive a high availability of rewarding aspects of their school environment, they report higher levels of satisfaction with school. Thus, an adaptation of reinforcement theory can be used as an empirical measure of student satisfaction with school.     

中学语文教学中文学教育的研究

我国文学教育的现状存在诸多弊端，狭隘的语言工具观、应试教育的实用主义思想和政治功利思想三者的结合，使文学教育远离了情与关，不利于提高学生的文学素养和人文素质。面对新时代的呼唤，中学语文教学必须走出误区，加强文学教育，弘扬人文精神。在具体的文学教育实践中应以提高人文素养为指向，以文学意蕴的习得为取向，以审美情趣的获得为导向，以纯文学的视角来阐文释意。唯有如此，才能真正发挥文学教育的功用，从而达成语文在当代条件下更好地发挥文学教育对人的精神世界的养育作用，让深厚的文学修养和人文素养固化在民族后来者的血液中，培植出代代粗壮的善根，美好的灵魂。     

Global citizenship education in context: teacher perceptions at an international school and a local Israeli school

We apply semi-structured interviews to conceptualise perceptions of global citizenship among teachers at an international school and teachers at a local public school in Israel, revealing discrepancies between theory and practice in global citizenship education (GCE). We find that teachers perceive global citizenship differently along three major axes: boundaries of global citizenship, practical aspects of GCE, and through the effect of Israel’s context. This study offers a comparative perspective that discerns the differing impacts of school context and student background on teacher perceptions at different kinds of schools and highlights the importance of teacher agency in GCE.     

从义务教育的性质反思我国的重点学校制

我国义务教育阶段的重点学校制在推动少数学校办学条件的改善、教育质量的提高和加快精英人才的培养等方面,发挥过应有的历史作用。但重点学校制的英才化办学模式、“人才”培养目标以及所引发的择校行为等。违背了义务教育的普及性、基础性、公益性和公平性。为此,必须从义务教育的基础性出发,确立“成人”培养目标;从义务教育的普及性和公益性出发,实现教育政策的公平。     

浅谈高职数学教育与中学数学教育的衔接

基于现在高职数学教育的实际情况,从高职数学教育与中学数学教育的区别和衔接,针对知识点和学习方法两个方面进行了探讨。并根据一线教师多年的实际经验,给出了一定的解决方案。     

Challenging perceptions of school councils in the primary school

As part of citizenship education, school councils have been set up in primary schools based on adult models of democratic committees. This article looks at children's and teachers' perspectives on their school councils and goes on to analyse the ways in which alternative strategies for addressing the constraints identified were developed in three Norfolk primary schools.     

"馆校合作"——利用博物馆资源加强高校艺术鉴赏课程教育

博物馆具有丰富的艺术资源，在高校完成艺术鉴赏教育中具有举足轻重的地位。利用博物馆资源，加强高校艺术鉴赏教育，对加强高校艺术鉴赏课程教育改革具有重要意义。     

Factors associated with middle school students' perceptions of the quality of school-based sexual health education

This paper examines factors associated with middle school students' perceptions of the quality of the sexual health education (SHE) they received at school. Participants were 478 predominately White young people (256 girls, 222 boys) in grades 6–8 who completed a survey assessing their demographic characteristics; dating and sexual experience; and perceptions of the content, delivery and quality of the SHE they had received. Boys and students in a lower grade and with less sexual experience rated the quality of their SHE more positively. After accounting for student characteristics, students who more strongly agreed that their SHE matched their interests and covered sexual health topics more adequately, as well as who viewed their teacher as being more comfortable talking about sexual topics and doing a better job answering questions, reported higher quality SHE. Students' perceptions of the adequacy of coverage of 10 sexual health topics were also positively correlated with their reports of higher quality SHE, although only two topics (correct names for genitals and puberty/physical development) contributed uniquely to the prediction of this variable. These results reinforce the need for a comprehensive SHE curriculum as well as adequate preparation of teachers if SHE is to be engaging to students.     

中学语文教学缺失与对策

中学语文是中学时代的基础工具学科,对于语文教学,其方法显得非常重要,但无论何种方法,最终目的都是要在完成语文教学任务的同时,达到较高的教学质量,也就是实现语文有效性教学。但目前我国中学语文教学存在很大的教学误区,各种教学缺失现象严重,为适应当今教育的要求,中学语文教学必须挖掘各种资源、改进教学方式以弥补缺失带来的负面影响,从而全面实施素质教育在各学科的深入。     

Knowledge and power: the interface between religion and education in China

Religion is becoming increasingly popular among students in post-Mao China, especially in the higher education arena. This growing interest in religion poses a potential challenge to the compulsory Marxist ideology taught in the school curriculum. Focusing on a group of university student believers from different religious traditions, this study explores how Chinese students negotiate their religious beliefs with the Marxism-based knowledge acquired from primary to tertiary educational levels. Three patterns are observed in the religious students’ accounts: (a) grounding in religious conviction; (b) negotiation through lived experience; and (c) deconstruction of Marxist thought from an academic perspective. Drawing on Young’s theoretical concept of the ‘knowledge of the powerful’, this study reveals an interplay between the different forms of knowledge that shape religious students’ beliefs and identities in China.     

中专语文教学中的人文教育

人文教育是中专语文教学的一个重要内容。由于中专学生的特殊性,决定了他们是非常需要人文教育的。本文主要从三个方面对中专语文教学中的人文教育进行分析。     

中国传统文化在小学生语文教育中的渗透和传播

中国传统文化是中华民族经过上千年积累之下所形成的,是人类历史的宝贵财富。传统文化内包含大量知识资源,需要人们在学习过程中不断挖掘及开采。怎样在小学语文教学内,渗透中华传统文化知识,提高学生对小学语文学科关注程度,形成良好的品德,辨别传统文化内涵,还能够有效对小学生爱国热情进行培养。本文在对中国传统文化在小学生语文教学中渗透和传播分析研究中,首先对中国传统文化在小学生语文教学内渗透必要性进行分析研究,同时按照目前小学生语文教学现状,对小学生语文教学渗透和传播中国传统文化进行了解,希望在提高小学语文教学质量情况下,还能够有效对中国传统文化进行传播。     

Design principles for hybrid learning configurations at the interface between school and workplace

In today’s knowledge society, there is a demand for professionals who are able to create knowledge across boundaries of disciplines, professions and perspectives. Traditional universities, universities of applied sciences and institutions for vocational education are all challenged to educate these knowledge workers. Accordingly, these institutions are developing competence-based education programmes that promote authentic, self-directed learning and the development of a professional identity. A possible environment for realising this type of learning is the hybrid learning configuration in which learning is embedded in ill-defined and highly-authentic tasks. This study attempted to identify a set of principles that can underpin the design of such a learning configuration at the interface between school and workplace. The research approach consisted of educational design research. Starting from cognitive constructivist and socio-cultural perspectives, a set of initial design principles was developed and evaluated from the perspective of the participants during three consecutive iterations of design and implementation. The process resulted in a set of seven refined design principles which can be used as heuristics to guide the design and development of hybrid learning configurations in contexts that have similar goals and aligned tenets.     

完善我国高等职业教育管理体制的对策分析

高等职业教育与普通高等教育一起共同构成了我国现行的高等教育体系，为社会培养高级技术应用型人才是高等职业教育的鲜明特色。随着高等教育大众化时代的到来，我国高等职业教育取得了较快的发展，但与普通高等教育相比，我国高等职业教育管理体制相对僵化。在由计划经济向市场经济转型过程中，在21世纪经济全球化的国际竞争格局背景下，逐步完善我国高等职业教育管理体制，对于促进我国高等职业教育事业的健康发展，对于教育产业与社会其他产业的良性互动有着重要的意义。     

Examining the relationship between perceptions of teaching self-efficacy,school support and teacher and paraeducator burnout in a residential school setting

Despite teacher self-efficacy and burnout’s influence on student outcomes, little research has been conducted on teacher self-efficacy and burnout in residential treatment schools. This study attempts to fill this need by examining the self-efficacy and burnout of teachers and paraeducators in a residential treatment school in the United States. We explore the relationships between educators’ perceptions of school supports and educators’ sense of self-efficacy and burnout Our results revealed that while educators’ perceptions of school supports were not related to educators’ sense of efficacy, there was a significant relationship between educators’ perceptions of school supports and reported levels of burnout. Educators who reported lower levels of school supports had high levels of burnout. We discuss implications for larger studies on this topic and for supporting educator well-being in residential treatment schools.