Public education and the post-fordist accumulation regime: A case study of Australia

This paper discusses the current radical changes in the Australian education policy. Central to the argument is the claim that the radical restructuring of the public sector hastened the loss of the possibility of any critical evaluation of national policy.The paper argues that this shift has been forced on the Australian state by the objective conditions expressed in a new realignment of the dominant transnational capital with the subordinate domestic capital, and in the shifts in a global capacity for consumption. The argument is underpinned by the claim that a new, post-Fordist (or flexible specialization) regime of capital accumulation is at present replacing the Fordist regime of mass production and consumption.The paper further argues that in order to achieve the system-preferred changes in the Australian education policy, the Australian government introduced radical changes in the production rules of policy formation. This involved a narrowing of policy making context and, crucially, an exclusion of voices critical of the shift towards economic reductionism.This loss of a critical sensibility constitutes the central concern of this paper. To advance the argument, in Part One, the paper discusses the relationship between the Australian state and the post-Fordist objective conditions of capital accumulation. Part Two argues that the lack of intellectual tradition in Australian public life was at least partially responsible for the easy passage given to neoclassical economics¹ perspective in becoming a dominant public policy paradigm. Part Three locates the role of education within the context of the European philosophical tradition. It provides the link between critical sensibility, the project of Western civilization (which clearly extends beyond the modern vs. postmodern dichotomy), and the role of public discourse. Finally, the paper argues that education policy needs to take the issue of critical sensibility seriously. For this reason, it needs to be informed by a desire to go beyond the mere technical fit between graduates and the workplace, and allow itself to be inspired by new ideas, and new ways of seeing.Parts One and Two of this Article appeared in INTERCHANGE, Vol. 26, #2, 1995.     

《庄子》浪漫主义风格与"朴"之美学维度关系探析

《庄子》的散文展现的是汪洋辟阖、仪态万方的浪漫主义风格 ,《庄子》的“朴”的美学观念又呈自然、直率、真实、无为的倾向。庄子超迈放达、穷通物理的人文精神是孕育浪漫主义风格与“朴”之美学维度的共同土壤。浪漫主义风格与“朴”之审美维度分别体现的是灵动之美与虚静之美 ,终成《庄子》之“大”美。     

浅述唐诗的多意性特点

多意性是唐代诗歌比较突出的特点,一般指宣示意和启示意两种情况。“宣示意”是诗歌借助语言明确传达给读者的意义。这种意义一是一,二是二,不能有丝毫歧义。“启示意”是诗歌以它的语言和意象宣示给读者的意义。一首古典诗歌艺术的高下往往取决于宣示意,它包括①双关意,②情韵意,③象征意,④深层意,⑤言外意等五点。     

弗洛伊德“性力升华说”探微

弗洛伊德坚持“性欲乃是人类取得的一切成就的源泉”，认为“本能的升华是最引人注目的文化发展的特征；正是由于升华，高级的心智活动、科学活动、艺术活动或思想活动才成为可能。”人们对此很有异议。其实，弗洛伊德是在对“性”的最广泛意义的理解基础上创建他的“动力心理学”的，他试图从他对人的个体心理理解的立场出发，来解释人类的全部历史、全部事件和社会生活的结构，并以此建立一整套关于人类精神生活规律的学说和理论。深入探寻弗洛伊德性学说的底蕴，澄清他的“性力”、“原欲”概念的内涵，真正领悟其“升华”思想的真谛，才有可能拓宽我们的视野，深化对复杂纷繁的人的精神世界的研究。     

让学生写作“把心交给读者”

巴金先生在长期实践中悟出了写作的秘诀：把心交给读者。这一秘诀对学生写作的启示是：第一,贵在有心,有心在于求“诚”务“实”,教师予以正确引导;第二,心中有读者,要设想读者,尊重读者,拓展读者群;第三,把心完好“交给”读者,教师、学生、教材编者共同关注和完善写作过程,充分实现写作的表达和交流价值。     

Disillusionment of the American Dream——On An American Tragedy

Theodore Dreiser is now regarded as one of the pre-eminent American realistic novelists of the first half of the twentieth century.an anatomist of the American Dream.In his great work An American Tragedy,Dreis- er exposes and criticizes mercilessly the corruption and black side of American society.The disillusionment of the American Dream is an important theme of the fiction.This paper illustrates "An American Tragedy" is the re- flection of disillusionment of the American Dream in the perspectives of the tragedy of a mortal,the tragedy of American society,and the tragedy of the American Dream.     

亚里士多德中道教育思想探析

亚里士多德是古希腊著名的哲学家、思想家。他提出以中道为特色的教育观,主张以德育,智育、美育、体育为依托,以中道为原则,培养公民政治方面的德性,并由法律保证实施。这些思想对今天我国的教育发展仍有启发意义。     

抵押、质押与留置之异同

根据市场经济运行的需要,我国担保法确立了抵押、质押、留置三种担保形式,这三种形式各有其不同的适用范围,不同的操作方法,但都同属担保物权,是在债权上设定的物权,以担保债权的实现。三种担保形式的应用有其共同点,也有其不同点,注意它们的异同,正确理解三种担保形式的法律含义,熟练掌握它们的操作方法,是依法保障经济运行的前提条件。     

无差别原则与归纳辩护

本文作者曾提出两条合理性原则。一是“最少初始概率原则”,用以为主观主义概率归纳逻辑的动态假设进行辩护;二是“试验机制无差别原则”,用以为主观主义概率归纳逻辑的意见收敛定理进行辩护。在本文中,作者将保留前一辩护,而对后一辩护进行两点修正和补充:1.本文对归纳辩护的局部性给以充分的承认,同时对归纳辩护的局部化加以限制,以求局部合理性的最大化。2.对局部归纳辩护的合理性给出一种实用主义的辩护。     

关于心理生活基本性质和内涵的理解

人的心理生活是人的现实生活的重要构成。理解心理生活的性质和内涵，必须考虑如下几个方面。一是人性与心理生活。心理生活是人所拥有和创造的生活。二是自我与心理生活。这涉及到人格与自我，主我与客我，大我与小我。三是认知与心理生活。这包括认知的性质：对象的认知和生存的认知。四是意向与心理生活。意向决定了心理生活的一体性和自主性。五是观念与心理生活。人的心理生活是对意义的追求，意义的基本心理单元就是观念。六是体验与心理生活。心理体验是指感受、感悟、觉解、觉悟、思想、思念、体察、体会等。七是超越与心理生活。人的心理生活有价值的评判、有追求的目标和有超越的品性。八是创造与心理生活。人的心理有双重的创造功能，包括对外部生活世界和对自身心理行为的建构。     

中国古典诗词中“象”的语用解读——兼论“典”的意义

诗词中的“象”即语句的字面含义,而“象”所表达的“意”则是语句真正要表达的含义。当诗词对“象”的描述有意违反会话合作原则时,就会导致诗词中的“象”与“意”表达上的分离,这时的后者就是“象”的语用含义。诗词中的“象”在被用来作比、被夸张和被比拟的情况下,都会出现“象”与“意”的分离。“典”在古典诗词中也有同样的情况。     

中国古典诗词中“象”的语用解读－兼论“典”的意义

诗词中的“象”即语句的字面含义，而“象”所表达的“意”则是语句真正要表达的含义。当诗词对“象”的描述有意违反会话合作原则时，就会导致诗词中的“象”与“意”表达上的分离，这时的后就是“象”的语用含义。诗词中的“象”在被用来作比、被夸张和被比拟的情况下，都会出现“象”与“意”的分离。“典”在古典诗词中也有同样的情况。     

人文文化与科学文化的交融是时代发展的必然趋势

科学文化的功能是认识客观世界,了解客观世界,按客观规律办事;人文文化回答的是精神世界的问题,强调对人类的终极关怀。人文为立人之本,科学为立世之基;二者同源共生互通,互异互补同求;二者的交融,能够全面提高人的素质。因此,人文文化与科学文化的交融是时代发展的必然趋势。     

世纪之交美国的太空军事化政策与实践

二十世纪九十年代,冷战结束,和平与发展成为时代主旋律。然而,美国逆历史潮流而行,开始推进太空军事化政策。文章分析了形成这一趋势的动因;对美国政府和军方在世纪之交陆续出台的主要相关政策进行了梳理和评述。进而分析了美国为实施此类政策而采取的关键性措施;美国政府推进太空军事化既是对他国的威胁,也是对美国自身的威胁。     

对海德格尔“人(此在)是澄明”的再思考

西方传统哲学对人的思考严格遵循主—客的思维模式,大力弘扬主体性原则,崇尚“人类中心主义”。而自西方现当代人文思潮产生以来,对人的理解发生了转向,弘扬非理性,倡导人与自然的融合。海德格尔就是这种思潮的代表。文章从本体论和认识论两个维度对海氏“人（此在）是澄明”这一哲学命题作出了新的解释。     

Graphemes as Motor Units in the Acquisition of Writing Skills

This study examined whether the graphemic structure of words modulates the timing of handwriting production during the acquisition of writing skills. This is particularly important during the acquisition period because phonological recoding skills are determinant in the elaboration of orthographic representations. First graders wrote seven-letter bi-syllabic words on a digitiser. We measured movement duration and fluency and evaluated reading performance. In Experiment 1, the words varied in number of graphemes and grapheme structure. In Experiment 2, the words varied in graphemic structure but the number of graphemes was held constant. The results revealed that the children wrote the first syllable of the words grapheme-by-grapheme, irrespective of the number of letters that composed them. They prepared the movement to produce the first grapheme before starting to write. The following graphemes were processed on-line. They then prepared the movement to write the second syllable. The progressive decrease of duration and dysfluency values towards the end of the word indicates that the children prepared the entire syllable in advance. Movement time and dysfluency measures presented very similar patterns in the two experiments. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between reading performance and handwriting measures. The grapheme and syllable structure of the words therefore modulates the timing of motor production during handwriting acquisition. Once the children have learned the phonological recoding rules, they apply them systematically, irrespectively of the size of the graphemes they have to write.     

魏晋美学片论

魏晋由于门阀地主的势力取代了汉大一统的封建势力，体现门阀地主人格理想的玄学兴起来了。玄风所向是诗性人格即魏晋风韵的产生，并由此引发艺美学的空前兴盛，其特征是重情感，尊个性，尚自然。     

Some strategies to improve performance in school chemistry,based on two cognitive factors

The background to this study are the difficulties facing the majority of Greek pupils in understanding chemistry concepts and, therefore, performing well in the National Examinations. The aim was to explore the problems and to suggest ways in which the situation might be improved. Working with 105 Greek pupils aged 15 to 16, the first stage of the enquiry confirmed that both working memory space and extent of field dependency were two psychological factors affecting performance. This is at least part of the nature of the problem. In the second stage, an attempt was made to explore how the problems might be reduced. New teaching materials were constructed to minimize any limitations to learning caused by working memory space and problems associated with being field dependent. The use of the new materials was compared to the normal teaching process working with 210 Greek pupils aged 15 to16. It was found that there was a significant difference in the average improvement of the experimental group and the control group, in favour of the experimental group. This result was independent of the effect of the teacher, and of the interaction of teaching method and teacher. It is suggested that approaches to learning must take into account cognitive factors in the learners in the context of information processing understandings of learning. If this is done, learning is much more effective.     

论人性放逐与超越的美学自由主义

人性中追求自由反对束缚体现了人类自由自觉的生命活动的本质力量,这是任何一个民族的符号系统所要共同表达的普世性价值和终极关怀。人性自由强调生命本质力量的内在放逐与超越,从而形成一种还原人类自然天禀与原初真实,始终保留超越物质生存而具有丰富精神生活的生命美感与质感,呈现人类内在的、自由的心灵姿式和生命律动,它是本体价值的而非实践理性的自由,即美学自由主义,而非权利自由主义。     

能指和所指的概念与理论在修辞学中的应用

我们认为，索绪尔提出的能指和所指的概念与理论在一定的条件下可以移用到修辞学上来。在此基础上，我们提出言语的能指和所指的概念与理论的新说，用之以阐明转义修辞现象的形成过程、形式建构、内在规律和使用效应，并对转义修辞现象在言语义向语言义即词义转化的过程中所起的桥梁作用作了专门论述。把本来就密不可分的语言和言语结合起来观察和研究，是既有益于语言学本体，也有益于修辞学的，可以同时促进语言学和修辞学的发展。