对科学文化和科学教育的思考——兼谈素质教育的几个问题

“科学求真 ,人文求善” ,“科学教人做事 ,人文教人做人”的二分观点值得商榷 ,传统的事实价值二分模式和主客二分模式是其理论渊源。科学作为一种文化 ,不仅求真而且求善求美。对真善美的追求是科学文化的价值内蕴。科学在本质上是人文的 ,这是科学文化与人文文化“和而不同”的根基。缺乏完整的科学文化观和科学教育观 ,是科学教育最大的不足。完整的科学教育应当并且能够既教人做事也教人做人。要充分挖掘科学文化蕴含的人文价值来教育人 ,关键在于教师要提高自身的科学文化素养     

Locating the global: culture,language and science education for indigenous students

The international literature suggests the use of indigenous knowledge (IK) and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) contexts in science education to provide motivation and self‐esteem for indigenous students is widespread. However, the danger of alienating culture (as knowledge) from the language in which the worldview is embedded seems to have been left out of the philosophical and pedagogical debates surrounding research and comment in the field. This paper argues that one of the main ways in which indigenous knowledge systems will survive and thrive is through the establishment of programmes taught through indigenous languages so that a dialectal relationship between language and knowledge is established that continues to act as the wellspring. The article concludes by reviewing the situation in Aotearoa New Zealand with respect to the indigenous population, Maori, and the recent science education initiatives in te reo Maori (Maori language).     

Introduction,background, and international perspectives: Korean history,culture, and education

Ogbu's (1988) “cultural model of success” guides us in understanding one's success through historical, cultural, structural (normative), and situational factors. Perceptions of schooling and achievement are related and affected by these important factors. Therefore, this chapter gives an overview of the study, its purpose and significance. Background literature on South Korea, such as its demographics and history, is used to introduce the influence of culture on South Korean education. Finally, a brief history of Korean education provides a context for the study.     

对话的焦虑: 地缘文化·革命文化·全球化

笔者近三十多的学术研究经历了革命文化视野、地缘文化视野和全球化视野三个阶段.地缘文化体现的是民族文化,革命文化体现的是现代社会进程,全球化体现的是西方文化,三者有着密切的联系:地域文化与革命文化的关系表现为革命文化对地域文化负面因素的批判,对优秀地域文化传统的激活,以及两者负面因素的共谋等;地缘文化与全球化的关系,一方面表现为西方强势文化的扩张而形成的一体化,一方面表现为地域文化的顽强抗拒而形成的多极性,尤为重要的是在全球化语境下重建自己的地域和民族文化;革命文化与全球化的关系,一是革命文化产生于全球化与地域文化的结合,二是应当从新世纪全球化视角反思革命文化,使其健康发展.三种文化是一个充满对话的焦虑、而且必须不断整合的历史话题.     

A closer look at the impact of globalization on science education

This paper provides a historical overview of globalisation in order to illustrate how globalisation both shapes and is shaped by external forces. The authors use this perspective to generate a dialogue about the science education project The Case of Sustainability by the Bay, and raise some questions to further the discussion on the impact of globalisation on science education. The paper also discusses the importance of recognizing the historic developments around globalisation in order to understand how changes in the global economy have shaped and continue to shape education through policy regarding funding, curriculum development and implementation, as well as trends in teacher preparation and education. The paper concludes by offering implications for policy makers, researchers, and teacher educators as it relates to science education generally, and globalisation particularly.     

Pedagogical content knowledge in science education: perspectives and potential for progress

Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), since its inception as teacher‐specific professional knowledge, has been researched extensively. Drawing on a wide range of literature, this paper seeks to clarify how the potential offered by PCK could be utilised to further develop science teacher education. An analysis of PCK models proposed by various researchers, together with methods of elucidating PCK in experienced and novice teachers, is provided. The paper argues that making PCK more explicit in the teacher education process may help novices adjust to teaching, as well as aiding experienced teachers in developing more reflective practices.     

Integral methodological pluralism in science education research: valuing multiple perspectives

This article examines the multiple methodologies used in educational research and proposes a model that includes all of them as contributing to understanding educational contexts and research from multiple perspectives. The model, based on integral theory (Wilber in a theory of everything. Shambhala, Boston, 2000) values all forms of research as true, but partial. Consideration of objective (exterior) forms of research and data and subjective (interior) forms of research and data are further divided into individual and collective domains. Taking this categorization system one step further reveals eight indigenous perspectives that form a framework for considering research methodologies. Each perspective has unique questions, data sources, methods and quality criteria designed to reveal what is “true” from that view. As science educators who guide our students’ research, this framework offers a useful guide to explain differences in types of research, the purpose and validity of each. It allows professional science educators to appreciate multiple forms of research while maintaining rigorous quality criteria. Use of this framework can also help avoid problems of imposing quality criteria of one methodology on research data and questions gathered using another methodology. This model is explored using the second author’s dissertation research. Finally a decision chart is provided to use with those who are starting inquiries to guide their thinking and choice of appropriate methodologies to use when conducting research.     

欧洲归来话"差异":教育与文化视角的解读

本文立足于从广义教育和社会文化视角解读中国与欧洲有关国家在对待文化遗产、环境保护、公共卫生以及人际关系和他人自由等方面的差异与差距,强调只有加快教育发展和文化普及,才能够可持续地培养国民的文化自信和文化自觉,使其在文化全球化、教育国际化的潮流中,自觉主动地彰显中国文化的特色。     

From the Bronx to Bengifunda (and other lines of flight): deterritorializing purposes and methods in science education research

In this essay I explore a number of questions about purposes and methods in science education research prompted by my reading of Wesley Pitts’ ethnographic study of interactions among four students and their teacher in a chemistry classroom in the Bronx, New York City. I commence three ‘lines of flight’ (small acts of Deleuzo-Guattarian deterritorialization) that depart from the conceptual territory regulated by science education’s dominant systems of signification and make new connections within and beyond that territory. I offer neither a comprehensive review nor a thorough critique of Wesley’s paper but, rather, suggest some alternative directions for science education research in the genre he exemplifies.     

Disrupting deficit notions of difference: Counter-narratives of teachers and community in urban education

The author reports on research conducted of teachers and their instruction in a US urban public school, with narrative and counter-narrative employed as analytic tools. Central questions guiding the study included: How do teachers’ counter-narratives and experiences influence them in their urban school classrooms? How do teachers’ multiple and varied identities, especially their racial and cultural backgrounds, emerge in their counter-narratives and in their conceptions of and representations of their teaching? And how do teachers’ stories “counter” ways of knowing urban education in the US and influence their interactions with their students and the learning opportunities available in their classrooms? The evidence in the study suggests that although teachers in urban schools may employ pedagogical and curricular tools that differ from many mainstream classrooms, different does not necessarily mean deficit or deficient. The study does not present a romanticized version of the school or those in it; the teachers and students in the study experience adversity and difficulty as is the case with teachers and students in other contexts. However, implications are drawn from the teachers’ successful practices in urban schools to counter, disrupt, and interrupt pervasive discourses that only focus on the negative characteristics of teachers and students in urban schools.