An audit of technological innovation capabilities in chinese firms: some empirical findings in Beijing, China

Recent studies have advocated different technological innovation capabilities (TICs) and discussed their impact on a firm’s competitive performance. This paper introduces a study framework of innovation audit and examines the relevance of seven TICs to building and sustaining the competitiveness of Chinese firms. Empirical data was acquired through a recent study of 213 Chinese firms in Beijing, China. Regression analysis was employed to examine the correlation between TICs and innovation rate, sales growth, and product competitiveness among these firms. The findings verify that R&D and resources allocation capabilities are the two most important TICs. A strong R&D capability could safeguard innovation rate and product competitiveness in large and medium-sized firms, whereas a resources allocation capability would enhance the sales growth in small firms. However, the impact of learning and organising capabilities on a firm’s innovation performance has yet to be investigated.The findings of this paper suggest that Chinese firms should consider a more balanced focus on their TICs’ harmonising enhancement. In order to maintain their sustainable development, effectively plan and implement their innovation strategies as well as enhance their whole innovation capability, Chinese firms should closely relate their TICs to the formulation of technology strategy and harmonisation of innovation and R&D activities.     

Linking operations strategy and product innovation: an empirical study of Spanish ceramic tile producers

This paper deals with the fit between operations strategy and product innovation. The literature review suggests that product-innovating firms should have specific, competitive priorities with regard to operations. In order to test this proposition, we carried out a survey of the competitive priorities in the Spanish ceramic tile industry. We classified respondents according to the number of new products launched between 1997 and 1999. New products were identified according to the literature-based innovation output indicator. Our results revealed that the more-innovative firms follow a different operations strategy than the less-innovative firms because of the emphasis placed on flexibility and quality capabilities.     

共享性资源对集群企业技术创新的作用机制分析

以集群企业为研究对象,界定了处于产业集群层面的共享性资源的概念及构成要素,阐明了共享性资源对集群企业技术创新的积极促进作用,最后提出了政策性建议。     

技术能力成长对企业技术创新的“双刃”影响

本文在对比分析技术能力成长内涵、途径、影响因素和企业技术创新特点的基础上,论述在主导技术范式约束和限制的情况下,技术能力成长对企业进行技术创新产生正负“双刃”影响的机理。然后,进一步阐明基于构建技术能力成长技术集成模式的预防技术能力成长负面影响的对策。     

如何建立有效的界面——关于技术创新界面管理的探讨

技术创新的界面管理得出了一些新的管理问题 ,本文主要研究分析了界面管理的原则 ,从组织技术与环境、组织模式与安排、观念与组织文化等三个层次阐述界面管理的条件 ,分析了与界面管理相关的问题     

基于TRIZ理论面向企业技术创新平台的构建

在介绍TRIZ理论及其应用的基础上,分析了基于TRIZ理论面向企业技术创新平台的内涵和建设目标与原则,探讨了基于TRIZ理论面向企业技术创新平台的基本结构和各子平台的功能,以期为产学研合作创新平台的建构提供具体的思路,加强学校与企业科技创新的合作与交流。     

The effect of technological knowledge assets on performance: The innovative choice in Spanish firms

The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between Technological Knowledge Assets (TKAs) and performance, in the light of making the ‘innovative choice’ that involves short-term costs of acquiring or generating the assets but aims at longer term benefits through innovation. To that end, a study of 1267 industrial firms in Spain was carried out over a period of 5 years, 1998-2002. The results show that TKAs have a positive indirect effect on financial performance mediated through innovation. They also reveal that TKAs have a negative direct effect on performance, except licences. Thus, the combined effect of TKAs on performance urges the need for innovation to obtain a positive payoff.     

异质互补与国际化中的日本企业技术创新

日本企业在创新国际化上表现出与欧美企业不同的特色,本文对日本国际化大公司的专利进行分析从而观察其是否遵循异质互补的国际共识。研究选取五个日本国际化大公司和两个美国参照公司的专利作为讨论重点,并配合对全部电学领域专利的分析,考察日本企业的创新特征。本文的分析得出虽然日本企业在创新国际化上有明显的创新向心化倾向,但对资源寻求和能力互补战略的运用并不落后于美国的国际化大公司。本文的研究对于中国企业的启示是不应只看到日本企业在创新国际化中落后的一面,更应注重从其变化的趋势中思考企业创新战略。     

Profiting from technological innovation by others: The effect of competitor patenting on firm value

In 1986, Teece proposed a seminal framework for analyzing why innovators may fail to benefit from their innovations. He argued, in part, that firms with the requisite complementary assets can often expropriate an innovator's returns especially when appropriability regimes are weak. In this paper, we explore the implications of this framework from the perspective of an incumbent firm—more precisely, of investors in that firm—facing innovation by established corporate rivals and by inventors from outside its industry. We demonstrate that the financial-market value of publicly traded firms depends on patented innovation by competitors (both established rivals and industry outsiders). Our empirical study generates three main results. First, the financial-market value of an incumbent is negatively associated with “important” patenting by outside inventors. Second, in industries characterized by weak appropriability regimes or by a strong reliance on complementary assets, this relationship is reversed: important patenting by outsiders is positively associated with the incumbent's financial-market value. Third, the effect of outsiders’ patented innovation on the focal incumbent is qualitatively different than that of established rivals’ patented innovation on the incumbent. These results are consistent with implications of Teece [Teece, D., 1986. Profiting from Innovation, Research Policy] and with recently developed models that formalize elements of his framework. More generally, these results support theories about both the market-stealing and spillover effects of innovation.     

从技术自立到创新——一个关于技术学习的概念框架

后进者技术学习的阶段性特征理应成为制定工业与技术政策的重要参考,但现有的技术学习研究并未对这种阶段性差异予以足够重视。通过对技术变化过程的分析,本文引入了"技术自立"的概念,以此刻画后进者以掌握国外现有技术为主的技术学习阶段,并说明了技术自立作为从技术依赖达到创新的一个必经阶段的重要性。在理论分析的基础上,本文强调了自主产品开发在摆脱技术依赖、达到技术自立过程中的决定性作用,并以四个行业的经验证据给出了初步说明。文章最后讨论了一个独立的技术自立概念对我们理解中国技术进步与工业发展的启示。     

颠覆性创新、生产性服务业与后发企业竞争优势

产品内国际分工体系下作为后发企业的中国企业的竞争优势问题一直是学界研究的焦点。本文从全球价值链的视角分析了颠覆性创新与后发企业竞争优势构筑的关系,强调了在后发企业利用颠覆性创新培育其获取竞争优势的不同阶段生产性服务所起的不同作用。     

Prospective analysis of technological innovation systems: Identifying technological and organizational development options for biogas in Switzerland

In this article, we put forward a concept for the identification and analysis of future development options of technological innovation systems. The key element of our approach, the so-called variation analysis, is a methodology to identify coherent socio-technical and organizational variants within a specific innovation field. Consistent combinations of these two dimensions may be interpreted as nuclei for alternative future developments of innovation systems. The method may be used in discursive foresight processes to inform strategy formulation of firms or policy makers who see a utility in furthering the innovation field. The paper has a focus on developing the theoretical background and the analytical structure of the methodology. Empirically, we illustrate the method for the innovation system of biomass digestion in Switzerland.     

企业金融化对技术创新影响的实证研究

本文以2008-2014年A股上市公司为研究对象,利用三阶段组合效率法测度剔除管理和环境因素影响的企业创新绩效的基础上,从创新投入和创新绩效两个角度,运用计量分析方法探讨了中国情境下企业金融化对技术创新的影响。结果表明：现阶段金融化对中国非金融企业技术创新无论从创新投入角度,还是创新绩效角度都主要表现为“拉动效应”;金融投资和实体经营的利润率差异是影响企业创新投入的重要因素,当企业主营业务盈利能力较弱时,企业金融化才会对创新投入表现出“挤出效应”;并且,非国有企业在管理效率和创新绩效方面均高于国有企业,金融化对于非国有企业技术创新的“拉动效应”也高于国有企业。     

创业企业多维邻近性对协同创新关系影响研究

创业企业间的协同创新关系主要来自于对社会网络的优化应用,基于社会网络理论,利用54家小微时尚创业企业间的数据,对地理邻近性、认知邻近性和协同创新关系的内在逻辑联系进行了实证分析。实证结果表明,地理邻近性与协同创新关系形成显著正相关关系,再次证明,以地理空间邻近为基础的协同创新网络发展模式仍是根本。而认知邻近性与协同创新关系呈显著负相关关系,创业企业偏好与具有知识差异的企业伙伴形成协同创新联系。     

The effect of technological imitation on corporate innovation: Evidence from US patent data

Technological imitation may play a crucial role in motivating firms to innovate. However, theoretical predictions and empirical findings on the role of imitation have not yet reached a consensus. One major gap in the previous studies is that the empirical tests are based on samples consisting of only one industry over a short period of time. This study uses a novel measure of industry-level technological imitation proxied by quick citations by competitors to examine the relationship between imitation and innovation. Using US patent data for the period 1977–2005, we find that there are inverted U-shaped relationships between the degree of industry-level technological imitation and industry-level innovation activities and between the degree of industry-level technological imitation and the value of firm-level innovation. Our results suggest that positive externalities from the interactions among firms during the innovation process outweigh the negative effects of free-riding concerns on firms’ innovation activities and incentives to innovate up to a high degree of technological imitation, while free-riding concerns outweigh the positive externalities when the level of technological imitation is extremely high. The sector-by-sector analyses show that the relationship between technological imitation and the quantity and market value of innovation are not very different across Pavitt sectors. A comparative analysis on the role of imitation between agglomerated and non-agglomerated industries suggests that the positive effect of a moderate level of imitation and the negative effect of an excessive level of imitation are more pronounced for agglomerated industries. The results suggest that creating innovation clusters, such as Silicon Valley in the United States and Shenzhen City in China, and allowing different innovators to cooperate, imitate and compete with each other would be very effective in promoting corporate innovation. However, an excessively high level of technological imitation is more detrimental for firms in innovation clusters because it lowers those firms’ incentives to innovate more radically.     

Analysis of sources of innovation, technological innovation capabilities, and performance: An empirical study of Hong Kong manufacturing industries

The concept of the regional innovation system (RIS) has been developed into an important framework for evaluating innovation performance. The study reported in this paper explores the relationship between the RIS and the firm's innovation system (FIS) according to the basic premise that firms that better utilize sources of information (SI) available within their regional innovation system (RIS) perform better due effect this has in enhancing the firm's technological innovation capabilities (TICs). The different innovation capabilities of a firm are regarded as the key components of the firm's innovation system. The sources of information available within an RIS include external sources (EXT) and external expert organizations, the latter of which are referred to as knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). This study also explores the dual role of KIBS as both sources of and bridges for innovation in the RIS. Data were obtained through a mailed survey using a self-administered questionnaire. The utilization concept and the dual role of KIBS were verified. The results show that externally available information affects all innovation capabilities of the firm, while external expert organizations affect only the firm's R&D and resources allocation capabilities. This study contributes to the RIS literature by providing empirical evidence on how firms can interact with the RIS by utilizing SI to enhance their TICs and achieve global competitiveness.     

科技创新对北斗产业发展的驱动引领

创新驱动发展是国家战略，科技创新在我国全面创新中具有核心地位和引领作用。科技创新对我国北斗卫星导航定位系统及北斗卫星导航与位置服务产业发展意义重大，不仅对我国北斗产业发展指明了新方向，提出了新要求，也推动北斗产业步入了新的发展领域。文章通过探索浅析科技创新对我国北斗产业发展的驱动引领，为我国北斗系统积极参与国际竞争，提高我国北斗产业市场竞争力打下基础。     

The role of technological management as a source of innovation: Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms

The objective of this study is to amplify the scarce empirical evidence about the effect of technological management on innovation. At the same time, the investigation is intended to examine whether the scale of production by itself stimulates technological activity and/or it acts as a proxy of other determinants of innovation. The estimation of an innovation production function with a panel of Spanish manufacturing firms shows that the planning and monitoring of the innovation process and the hiring of personnel with special skills for technological activities are significant sources of innovation, although with important differences regarding the type of innovation (process versus product). In addition, the evidence suggests that large firms’ advantages for the generation of product innovations are related to a different use and effectiveness of technological management mechanisms.     

我国制药业技术创新效率分析

本文采用DEA方法中的C2R模型对我国制药业技术创新效率作纵向分析研究。研究结果表明:资源利用率低,专利产出不足以及企业规模偏小是导致我国制药业DEA无效的主要原因。文章结合我国实际情况,对其作了详细的解释,并给出相应的对策建议。     

标准化、科技创新与新能源发展的关系研究

从科技创新、标准化促进新能源发展的机理出发,并以新能源汽车为例分析标准化、科技创新促进新能源汽车行业发展的过程,进而综合利用协整理论,以1990—2017年标准化、科技创新及新能源发展的数据为样本,对标准化、科技创新与新能源发展的关系进行实证研究,并依据实证结果从科技创新及标准化方面给出相关建议。