产业集群演进机制和竞争优势研究述评

产业集群的演进机制和竞争优势作为当前区域经济和产业经济领域内的热点问题,引起了经济学界、管理学界的诸多关注和广泛探讨。本文首先对产业集群的基本内涵做一简要概述,然后基于此内涵从多个理论视角对产业集群的演进机制和竞争优势及其相关内容的研究现状和进展进行梳理、分析、比较和评述,以期有一个深入全面的认识,并为进一步的研究奠定基础,找准方向。     

国产手机企业的竞争优势分析及可持续发展对策研究

国产手机在国内市场占有率持续增长,于2003年上半年占有率已达到55．2％,。国产手机企业但是在国产手机高速成长的背后,却也面对不客忽视的问题,如国产手机的库存高居不下,核心技术缺乏,品牌价值较弱等,这些因素对于国产手机的持续发展无疑是一大障碍。国产手机企业应具有什么竞争优势才得以打败洋品牌,如何守江山,如何保持持续发展?是一项非常有现实意义的研究课题。     

Evaluating the NASA small business innovation research program: preliminary evidence of a trade-off between commercialization and basic research

In 1982, the Small Business Innovation Development Act established the small business innovation research (SBIR) program. This program reserves a percentage of federal agencies’ extramural R&D budgets for research projects conducted by small businesses. When this Act was reauthorized in 1992, the selection criteria for funding dramatically increased the likelihood of funding for projects that promised to lead to commercial success. Using data from a survey of the SBIR program award recipients at NASA Langley Research Center, we address three questions about this change: (i) was there a shift to projects with more commercial potential? (ii) did these projects experience higher rates of commercial success? and (iii) was there a reduction in basic research accompanying the increased commercial success? Our analysis suggests, the answer to all three of these questions is ‘yes’.     

国内创新网络研究基本状况和主要进展

评述了1997-2003年中期国内已经公开发表的有关创新网络的研究论文,我们发现:虽然直到目前所发表的文章并不多,但却集中受到国家自然科学基金等重要基金的多项资助,学者们目前主要在区域创新网络和企业创新网络两个层面上展开探索,取得了多方面进展。     

Quality and efficiency of basic research in molecular biology: a bibliometric analysis of thirteen excellent research institutes

We try to assess, in a systematic and objective manner, the research performance of 13 research institutes active in the field of molecular biology. For this purpose we have counted the number of scientific publications and the number of citations received during a five-year period (1980–1984). We use citations per publication as an indicator of quality and costs per citation as an indicator of efficiency of research. Peer review seems to discourage uninteresting, i.e. not cited, research. Grant systems seem to work more efficiently than funding on a permanent institutional basis.     

基于商业信用的供应链库存决策问题——分类与研究方向

经典的库存模型总是假设购买者在收到所订购商品时必须立即缴付货款,然而实践中,供应商总是提供他们的客户一个确定的还款周期以增加其产品销售量,因此在库存决策中考虑商业信用的影响既是实用的也是必须的。通过对于该领域的大量文献进行回顾,将相关文献按照商业信用合同及研究主题进行了分类,并简述了代表性文章中的关键内容。最后结合已有的研究成果与库存管理的实际问题提出几个值得关注的研究方向。     

Connection and stratification in research collaboration: An analysis of the COLLNET network

Co-authorship among scientists represents a prototype of a social network. By mapping the graph containing all relevant publications of members in an international collaboration network: COLLNET, we infer the structural mechanisms that govern the topology of this social system. The structure of the network affects the information available to individuals, and their opportunities to collaborate. The structure of the network also affects the overall flow of information, and the nature of the scientific community. We present a number of measures of both the macro- (whole-network) and micro- (actor-centered) structure of collaboration, and apply these to COLLNET. We find that this scientific community displays many aspects of a “small-world,” and is somewhat vulnerable to disruption should major figures become inactive. We also find inequality in the roles played by individuals in the network. The inequalities, however, do not create a closed and isolated “core” or elite.     

中国不同类型科技奖励问题与原因的认知研究——基于问卷调查的分析

对中国高等院校、科研机构和企业研发机构一线科技工作者的抽样问卷调查结果显示:行政干预过多、奖励人员名单不实以及与个人利益挂钩太紧是当前中国政府科技奖励中的主要问题,而社会科技奖励中的主要问题是科学家不重视以及影响力不强。当前评价体系的不合理、相关监督审核机制不到位以及造假发现后的惩罚力度太小是其主要原因。根据调查结果,文章提出了改进中国科技奖励体系的政策建议。     

Editorial research and the publication process in biomedicine and health: Report from the Esteve Foundation Discussion Group,December 2012

Despite the fact that there are more than twenty thousand biomedical journals in the world, research into the work of editors and publication process in biomedical and health care journals is rare. In December 2012, the Esteve Foundation, a non-profit scientific institution that fosters progress in pharmacotherapy by means of scientific communication and discussion organized a discussion group of 7 editors and/or experts in peer review biomedical publishing. They presented findings of past editorial research, discussed the lack of competitive funding schemes and specialized journals for dissemination of editorial research, and reported on the great diversity of misconduct and conflict of interest policies, as well as adherence to reporting guidelines. Furthermore, they reported on the reluctance of editors to investigate allegations of misconduct or increase the level of data sharing in health research. In the end, they concluded that if editors are to remain gatekeepers of scientific knowledge they should reaffirm their focus on the integrity of the scientific record and completeness of the data they publish. Additionally, more research should be undertaken to understand why many journals are not adhering to editorial standards, and what obstacles editors face when engaging in editorial research.     

Research parks and the location of industrial research laboratories: an analysis of the effectiveness of a policy intervention

Utilizing county-level data, this paper predicts the growth in the number of private industrial research laboratories between 1960 and 1985. This was a period of rapid growth and spatial reorganization in industrial research activity. A multi-equation model which allows the influence of unmeasured factors and selectivity to be taken into account is used to test the ability of a policy intervention, research parks, to affect the growth in the number of local laboratories. Although the presence of research parks is correlated with the number of laboratories, the analysis indicates that research parks were not effective local development tools but instead benefitted from the growth of research activity.     

国家科研资助的监督博弈分析

本文首先阐明了有效利用公共科研经费进行基础科学研究的重要意义以及利用公共科研经费进行公共研究的问题,然后通过引入博弈论的有关方法研究作为资助主体的国家和受资助主体的科研机构的互动作用,从而得出不同情形下的均衡解以及各因素如何影响主体行为的结论。     

大数据时代商场客流分析系统开发与研究

大数据时代,详细的客流信息对于商场运营、决策、分析很重要。随着计算机软硬件的发展,摄像探头已能够统计进出客流数量,POS机可以记录顾客购买了何种商品。以此两种硬件设备为基础,文章对商场客流分析系统的开发进行了研究,设计了一个客流分析系统。     

Calculating the information content of an information process for a domain expert using Shannon''s mathematical theory of communication: A preliminary analysis

The problem addressed in this article is to use Bertram Brookes' ‘fundamental equation’ as a starting off-point for a conceptual exercise whose purpose is to set out a method for calculating the information content of an information process. The knowledge structure variables in the Brookes' equation are first operationalized, following principles set out in Claude Shannon's mathematical theory of communication. The set of ‘a priori’ alternatives and the a priori probabilities assigned to each member of the set by the person undergoing the information process is the operational definition of the variable ‘K[S]’ from the ‘fundamental equation,’ which represent the person's knowledge structure ‘before’ the information process takes place. The set of ‘a posteriori’ alternatives and the revised probabilities assigned to each member of the set by the person undergoing the information process is the operational definition of the Brookes' variable ‘K[S + ΔS],’ which is the person's knowledge structure ‘after’ the information process takes place. To illustrate how the variables can be determined, an example of a information process is used from a recent real-life archeological discovery.     

采用SCI-E对重点高校学术研究的统计分析——以重庆大学为例

以Thomson Reuters公司的Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-EXPANDED)数据库为依据,从论文数量、来源期刊、学科分布、著者机构、被引频次及其影响因子等方面对重庆大学2007年被SCI-E收录的493篇论文进行统计和分析,以更清楚地了解和认识到重庆大学SCI-E论文收录的现状、存在的问题以及有待改进和努力的方向,从而对调动广大师生撰写高质量学术论文的积极性和重庆大学的教学、科研以及学术活动起到推进作用。     

An analysis of factors influencing the utilization of contract research in a developing country,Korea

The utilization of contract research results in a developing country was analyzed according to the stages of technological innovation and transfer. Three innovation stages such as project contract (proposal success), project solution (technical success), and project implementation (commercial success) are employed in this study, focusing on the identification of significant factors affecting the success in each stage. The factors influencing the successes in the project contract and implementation stages are mostly similar while the factors important in the technical success are somewhat different. The data analyses indicate that only a few factors seemed to significantly affect the successful project contract while more than a score of variables were considered to be important for the successful implementation of the contract research results. This implies that even though the success of the early stage of innovation can be relatively easily accomplished, the success of the final stage cannot be so easily accomplished. According to the findings of the study, there are at least two unique environmental factors for the successful innovation and transfer of indigenous technology in a developing country, Korea: (1) the vulnerability of domestic technology to the foreign technology from advanced countries, and (2) the strong influences of government intervention, whether they are advantageous to the success of innovation. Some methodological as well as theoretical issues for the improved understanding of innovation and technology transfer are discussed.     

中国虚拟团队研究元分析:2000—2008

对国内2000—2008年发表在代表性学术期刊上的虚拟团队研究论文进行系统全面的检索、分类和分析。从参考学科、研究题目、研究方法和应用领域4个层面分析了国内虚拟团队研究的现状,并对国内外研究形势进行了比较。研究发现中国虚拟团队的研究:以管理学、社会学以及心理学作为主要理论基础;研究题目总体集中在虚拟团队的概念、管理建议及其应用于其他领域的介绍等,基于I-P-O模型的研究近几年呈上升趋势,但直至目前研究的涵盖范围仍然不够全面;研究方法以非实证方法为主,实证方法应用很少;应用领域主要集中在高新技术产品研发组织,另有一小部分研究是关于虚拟企业、虚拟软件开发团队等。与西方相比,中国的虚拟团队研究在研究重点、研究方法和应用领域上具有自己的特点,也有需要进一步完善的地方。     

我国甜味剂在糖尿病领域中的研究文献分析

近年来,甜味剂在糖尿病患者的治疗中发挥着不可或缺的作用。文章采用计量学的方法对我国近40年来刊物中发表的甜味剂在糖尿病领域中研究的文献的年份、期刊和研究内容等方面进行研究,从而揭示我国甜味剂在糖尿病领域中的研究现状及发展趋势,为今后我国甜味剂在糖尿病领域中的研究方向和研究内容提供参考。     

The concept of information overload: A preliminary step in understanding the nature of a harmful information-related condition

The amount of content, both on and offline, to which people in reasonably affluent nations have access has increased to the point that it has raised concerns that we are now suffering from a harmful condition of ‹information overload.’ Although the phrase is being used more frequently, the concept is not yet well understood – beyond expressing the rather basic idea of having access to more information than is good for us. This essay attempts to provide a philosophical explication of the concept of information overload and is therefore what philosophers call ‹conceptual analysis’ – a task that, along with normative ethical analysis, is distinctive to Anglo-American style analytic philosophy. I will begin with an analysis of the atomic concepts expressed by the terms ‹information’ and ‹overload’ and then attempt to give a philosophical explanation of the concept of information overload that more precisely identifies exactly what the condition amounts to.