反思THE DAILY之终结

简介THE DAILY(日报),是2011年1月新闻集团与苹果公司合作开发的iPad付费新闻阅读产品,希望凭借iPad庞大的客户群,赢得数字阅读时代的市场先机。开发方曾对THE DAILY寄予厚望。乔布斯曾称其为"iPad上最令人期待的新闻阅读产品",默多克则称THE DAILY是"未来的发展潮流",并想借此将自己的传媒帝国全面带入     

THE DAILY带来的九个反思

两年前,默多克打造了THE DAILY。当时,包括传媒界在内,人们都对它寄予希望,认为这是一件令人兴奋不已的杰作。但是,从它的诞生到2012年12月15日停止更新,一共亏损了三千万美元。一款专门用于移动终端的产品,为什么连两年没到就消亡了?它当然存在一个潜在问题,绝对不是传统媒体利用新媒体终端做出了新媒体产品,就一定能够成功。同时,它也会让我们去思考,传统媒体需要做的、应当做的     

平台化时代的单一试验:THE DAILY之死

在传统媒体纷纷谋求转型的2012年,一份提前新型化的平板电脑报纸THE DAILY却死了。两年前默多克高调推出这份iPad报纸时,伴随着他的著名论断:iPad这类新平台正在改变传媒的游戏规则。现在此报一死,许多人也趁机埋葬那个论断。平台化潮流真的没有生命力吗?THE DAILY之死有复杂的原因,但平台化策略的不完善,是重要原因之一。其实,THE DAILY只是平台化潮流中的单一型个案,与传统媒体一样,它还是单一形态的,只是换成了电子报的形式。平台化(多平台)策略,是媒体在多终端时代的转型策略之一。媒体开发了某种程序并作少量修改就可在另     

"FOR AS THE SUN IS DAILY NEW AND OLD"

这是香港科技大学图书馆馆长周敏民女士2002年10月23日在庆祝北京大学图书馆建馆一百周年“数字图书馆时代:现状与发展趋势”国际学术研讨会上的主题讲演稿。在这篇讲稿中,周馆长引经据典、旁征博引,以平易而又充满激情的笔触论述了当代图书馆员如何以健康、开放、积极的心态面对这个充满变化和挑战的世界,读来引人入胜,催人奋进。     

“MOSQUITOES DANCING ON THE SURFACE OF THE POND”

This article examines the impact of technology on Australian conflict reporting using the experiences and insights of the practitioners themselves. There is a prevailing belief that war and foreign correspondents are more liberated and the audience better informed as technology permits immediate communication from the frontline. The article considers the challenges faced by previous generations of war correspondents and the contrasting experiences of reporting in Iraq, analysing how technology has impacted on newsgathering, military management and reporting. I argue that the magnitude of the technological changes has been considerable, and in some cases immensely positive, but in other ways technology has not mitigated past challenges in the realm of censorship, syndication, resources and competition. At the same time the journalists articulate new difficulties with instant deadlines, 24-hour news, increased syndication, and editorial expectations caused by the imperatives of infotainment and compounded by technological advancement.     

CONSER VATION OF THE WOODEN ELEMENTS IN THE RENAISSANCE HOUSES OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

Abstract

Furunori (aged paste) is a conservation material that is used for Japanese painting conservation. Furunori is a smoother and weaker adhesive than fresh paste, and it enables the surfaces to be easily peeled apart, with application of water, in a future conservation. Due to these characteristics, furunori has traditionally been used for attaching the backing paper to paintings in Japan, because it is considered that furunori causes less stress on the paintings than fresh paste. This study aims to clarify the characteristics of furunori based on chemical analysis and examination of the microorganisms involved in the early stage of furunori generation. Based on the results obtained, a polysaccharide similar to furunori was prepared.     

THE LAST YET ALSO THE FIRST CREATIVE ACT IN TELEVISION?

A television channel's identity is shaped by its output: not just the relative share of different programme genres but equally so the relative position programmes take up in the schedule. This paper refutes the notion that the development of scheduling strategies and tactics – to make the programme schedules as interesting as possible for viewers – are a product of a commercial and competitive television environment. It will be demonstrated that, from its inception, public service television paid considerable attention to the way in which the actual programme schedules could help establish its cultural–educational broadcasting goals. Taking Flemish public service television between 1953 and 1974 as a case in point, the paper analyses how, first, European public service broadcasting (PSB) created its own annual, seasonal, weekly and daily rhythm and, second, how contemporary scheduling strategies and tactics (compatibility, hammocking, etc.) can be identified in the monopolistic past, albeit interpreted along historically dominant PSB policy objectives.     

THE USE OF THE ARCHIEST’S PEN AND UNIVERSAL PH SOLUTION ESTIMATING THE SURFACE PH OF PAPER

Abstract

White crystals have been found to grow on the surface of a number of wax artifacts. Analysis was carried out on samples of wax and crystals taken from a Victorian wax fruit arrangement displaying crystalline growth. The possible relationship between crystallization, cracking and changes in temperature is explored.     

THE RADICAL TYPE?

Despite the central role of the paper in Marxist–Leninist strategy, the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) had little confidence in either professional journalists, including those who were Communists, or journalism practices, even though journalism, like culture, was recognized as “a weapon in the (class) struggle”. While George Allen Hutt (1901–73) was a leading professional party journalist, his career hit a “glass ceiling”, even as he met the three criteria of Communist journalism theory and earned an international reputation as a newspaper designer. In spite of opposition to his role on the executive of the National Union of Journalists (NUJ) because of his party membership, he became the longest-serving editor of the NUJ's periodical, The Journalist. As both a loyal, lifetime Communist and the consummate professional journalist, Hutt's career provides a salient example of the ambiguous position of the middle-class journalist in the proletarian-dominated Communist Party. It was the emphasis on his “technical” ability that appears to have disqualified his candidacy for the Daily Worker's top editorial positions and to have justified support for his editorship of The Journalist.     

PERIODICALS,THE BOOK TRADE AND THE ‘BOURGEOIS PUBLIC SPHERE’

Despite recent assertions about the new prospects opened up by the literary periodicals which emerged in the years immediately following the expiry in 1695 of the Licensing of Print Act, it is apparent that, right through to the 1740s, writing for the stage remained the best prospect for a writer hoping to make a living by the pen. We should therefore be cautious before we make sweeping generalizations either about the profits to be made out of periodical publication or the expanding opportunities they presented for professional writers, let alone about the role of the periodical essays of Addison and Steele in the emergence of ‘a bourgeois public sphere’ in which hierarchy was suspended, and which was accessible to all. Despite The Spectator's advocacy of polite rational exchange, historical consideration of the periodical press at this time reveals a high degree of political partisanship.     

WHO'S GOT THE POWER?

Over the last decades, media environments have become radically transformed. Among the most significant changes is the rise of interactive media technologies, which raise new questions about how influence over media content has changed. At the same time, changes in media technologies and how they may change the influence over the news should not be understood in isolation from other changes in media environments. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how much influence journalists ascribe to different sets of actors; how they perceive changes over time; and whether journalists working with online publishing differ in these respects from other journalists. Among other things, the study shows that the most influential group is perceived to be journalists, followed by the audience and media owners. The group that is perceived to have increased their influence the most is media owners. All investigated groups—except journalists—are perceived to have increased their influence at least somewhat. The results are discussed in the light of research on how interactive media technologies may reshape the influence over the news.     

THE GLOBAL MEDIA AND THE EMPIRE OF LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM,CIRCA 1910–301

This article briefly sketches the rise of the global media system after the mid-1860s before turning to the transformation of that system during the First World War and until the end of the 1920s. In particular, we look at how technological changes, especially the development of wireless and, by late 1926, short-wave radio, were dealt with by the companies that ran the world's vast network of undersea cables, news organizations and governments. We show that responses to new technologies varied greatly, with some trying to blunt their impact while others embraced them. Mergers and acquisitions were a key response to the new technologies and to the worldwide economic boom of the 1920s. However, by the end of the decade, the economic logic behind these changes was eclipsed by a discourse of technological determinism, nationalistic corporate patriotism and imperial security. These ideological discourses underpinned a series of mergers throughout Europe and Britain, most notably the formation of Cable and Wireless in 1929. Similar pressures were at play in the USA, notably in RCA and the International Telephone and Telegraph Company's own bid to create a global multimedia conglomerate, although restrictions on cross-media ownership in the Radio Act (1927) and Congressional concern about the formation of a military–communications–media complex stymied the attempt. Altogether, however, the reorganization of the global media business at the end of the 1920s reflected and reinforced the collapse of this early era of globalization – the empire of liberal internationalism – and the rise of a new geopolitical–economic regime based on the struggle for the control of global communication, virulent nationalism and relative autarchy, not to be reversed until the revival of globalization in our own times.     

“PUBLIC EDITORS” AND MEDIA GOVERNANCE AT THE GUARDIAN AND THE NEW YORK TIMES

This paper examines the columns of Ian Mayes, the first Readers' Editor of The Guardian, and of Daniel Okrent, the first Public Editor of The New York Times, to provide an empirically grounded and theoretically informed analysis of the emergent role of newspaper public editors. To do this, the paper positions the emergence of public editors as part of a wider trend towards the adoption of mechanisms of media accountability, and engages with academic literature that has positioned this trend within an emergent paradigm of “media governance”. The empirical dimension of the paper is grounded in quantitative and qualitative analysis of columns written by Mayes and Okrent during their tenure as public editors at the two newspapers, as well as key organisational documents. The findings of the data analysis suggest that, in the context of debates around media accountability and governance, there is a need to consider forms of governance such as public editors in the context of broader social and organisational concerns with declining trust, managing corporate risk and providing external demonstrations of legitimacy, and a renewed and targeted emphasis on journalistic professionalism.     

THE DÜSSELDORF RESTORATION STUDIO

Abstract

Sophisticated modern instruments and methods can contribute to the preservation of national and cultural heritage. Modern analytical methods such as chromatography, spectrometry and densitometry are extremely useful, particularly for the analysis of rare works of art from which only very small samples are available. This study describes the identification of the binding medium from a 200-year-old fragile silk banner using thin layer chromatography and video densitometry. The method involved the separation and identification of pure amino acids, vapour-phase hydrolysis of both the reference protein materials and the sample from the banner, and thin layer separation of the components. The separation was achieved using cellulose plates and a mixture of butanol, acetic (ethanoic) acid and water as eluent. The plates were sprayed with ninhydrin solution and then recorded by a Camag video densitometer system. The chromatograms with coloured spots were recorded under white light using a highly sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) colour video camera. Images were acquired, processed and archived with Video Store 2 version 2.30 documentation software, and analysed using the Vista Scan program. The results for the unknown protein binder were compared with those for the standards. The experimental data identified the proteinaceous binder as an animal glue.     

IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY IN THE NEWSROOM?

In an attempt to produce more news stories, faster and on different platforms, the national Danish Broadcasting Corporation, DR, has introduced a new workflow. This new workflow is based on principles and practices known internally as “the news engine,” and it has brought with it changes in regards to both the news products, the news processes and the individual news producers. This article is based on newsroom observations, interviews with employees and content analyses, and it shows how the practice of journalism at DR News has been altered in several ways after the implementation of the news engine. The changes in DR News have become the inspiration for other television stations, and the study concludes by discussing how this particular workflow affects the profession of journalism. Rather than a proletarianization of the profession, this study points to a polarization where some journalists experience a deskilling and a decrease in autonomy, while others experience an increase in autonomy as part of a process of reskilling and multiskilling.