Transnational public sector knowledge networks: A comparative study of contextual distances

As governments work to prevent, mitigate, or solve problems of global concern, they increasingly need to exchange knowledge and information among the expert organizations responsible for policies and programs that address them. We call these working arrangements transnational public sector knowledge networks (TPSKNs). The actors in these networks exist within their own informational, organizational, and national contexts and they need to find ways to interact effectively with counterparts who are embedded in different contexts. In this research, we show how understanding these differences, or contextual distances, can help assess, design, and manage TPSKNs. The paper compares two such networks, in environmental quality and public health, across nine contextual distances. All distances were present in both cases despite differences in focus, participants, and time frame. A variety of strategies and tools served to narrow, bridge, or capitalize on these distances thus helping the networks achieve desirable results.     

Towards end-to-end government performance management: Case study of interorganizational information integration in emergency medical services (EMS)

A recent line of e-government research has emphasized the importance of interorganizational information sharing in the public domain. This research extends these information-sharing dimensions to explore information sharing relative to service performance. It utilizes a time-critical information services (TCIS) conceptual framework as an analytical lens. TCIS highlights multiple dimensions of information sharing, including operational, organizational, and governance factors as well as timeliness and quality as key performance metrics. A case study approach was employed to examine the exchange of performance-related information in a key time information critical service: a county-wide emergency medical services (EMS) system. The paper first explains the theoretical foundations for the study, stemming from interorganizational systems (IOS) literature, e-government IOS, and even more specifically, IOS in emergency medical services (EMS). The paper discusses performance measures in EMS, describes the TCIS analytical lens, the study methodology, and the case study under investigation. Case study findings are reported along operational, organizational, and governance dimensions. In general, the case study illustrates promising factors that can enhance information sharing across organizations, while noting that considerable gaps remain in achieving an end-to-end IT-enabled performance approach. Future research should aim to better understand how to overcome these gaps, including addressing the usability constraints that can confront professionals working in time information critical circumstances, such as trauma conditions.     

A collaborative network for first responders: Lessons from the CapWIN case

It is increasingly important for government agencies to collaborate across jurisdictional and functional boundaries. Interorganizational systems supporting interagency collaboration must accommodate a wide range of factors from the external environment and participating organizations as part of their design and operation. This paper presents the findings from a case study of CapWIN, a collaborative network created to enable first responders to share information across jurisdictional and functional boundaries as they work together during emergencies and other critical events. The study examines how aspects of the external environment and the agency context impeded or facilitated the CapWIN collaborative network and the interorganizational system (IOS) that supports it. We identify factors affecting information sharing and collaborative processes, and describe how these factors interact to enable and constrain an IOS. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research on the interplay of environmental, organizational, and technical aspects of interagency collaboration networks as they evolve over time.     

Information-sharing in public organizations: A literature review of interpersonal, intra-organizational and inter-organizational success factors

Information sharing is considered an important approach to increasing organizational efficiency and performance. With advances in information and communication technology, sharing information across organizations has become more feasible. In the public sector, government agencies are also aware of the importance of information sharing for addressing policy issues such as anti-terrorism and public health. However, information sharing can be a complex task. Identifying factors that influence information sharing is critical. In the literature, research in information sharing focuses on the interpersonal, intra-organizational, and inter-organizational levels. This paper reviews the current information-sharing research, discusses the factors affecting information sharing at the three levels, and provides summative frameworks. These frameworks provide a means to discover future research opportunities, and a systematic way for practitioners to identify key factors involved in successful information sharing.     

Unpacking organizational awareness: scale development and empirical examinations in the context of distributed knowledge sharing

Organizational awareness has been viewed as a critical factor in facilitating collaboration and knowledge sharing, particularly among dispersed workers. Drawing on the findings of three studies, we disentangle the complex nature of organizational awareness, with a focus on its role in distributed knowledge sharing. First, we developed and validated an organizational awareness scale to investigate organizational awareness as a multidimensional construct that consists of availability awareness, task awareness, and social awareness. Second, employing the scale, we examined the relationships among organizational awareness, the use of enterprise social media (ESM), and knowledge acquisition in a global organization. The results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that ESM use was positively linked to distributed workers’ task awareness, which subsequently enhanced knowledge acquisition. Lastly, interview findings revealed how task awareness was cultivated by ESM use. Synthesizing the findings, we offer detailed accounts of organizational awareness and its relationships with dispersed workers’ knowledge sharing practice.     

共享工程资源价值的实现方式

文章通过对目前我国图书馆发展现状以及全国文化信息资源共享工程的机构体系和服务模式的探讨,提出利用文化共享工程体系开展区域协作,以图书馆集群方式,实现图书馆信息资源的共建共享。     

知识网络中隐性知识的共享困境及其克服路径

知识网络的困境在于隐性知识的转移与共享难以实现,而隐性知识的共享困境,从个体层面上看主要表现为：心理困境、能力困境和动力困境,从组织层面上看主要体现为; 组织结构困境、组织文化困境、组织间的信任困境、组织间文化距离困境、组织能力差异困境和组织间合作动力困境。社会网络为解决上述困境提供了一个视角,科技专业网络、客户网络、娱乐网络以及企业家个人友谊网络等非正式网络可以弥补正式组织和正式网络的先天性不足,是克服知识网络中隐性知识转移与共享困境的有效途径。     

面向知识管理的国家科研项目集成化文件管理体系构建研究:背景、框架及模型

本文提出了开展面向知识管理的国家科研项目集成化文件管理体系构建研究的设想及其理论模型,以支持具有跨部门和跨系统管理特点,多元化和多层次服务特征的国家科研项目知识积累、共享、交流和创新：为科研项目全生命期的知识资产动态捕获、增值保存和有效复用,文件流、知识流和和科研工作流无缝集成提供理论与应用支持,以完善我国国家科技创新体系,提高基于证据的国家科研项目治理水平。     

An essay on publishing standards for rhetorical criticism

Managing private health information in the workplace has become a salient communication issue for employees, supervisors, and organizations. The primary objective of this investigation is to explore employees’ perceptions of and preferences for communicating about health information in the workplace. A qualitative focus group study was conducted using Communication Privacy Management Theory (CPM) as a framework to organize the questions employees face about sharing personal health information. Forty-nine workers were recruited to participate in nine focus groups. The results demonstrate a variety of contextual influences and behaviors relating to employees’ preferences for discussing health information at work. Specifically, the researchers identified five emergent themes in the data: rules for sharing private information, boundary coordination, reasons for permeable boundaries, reasons for impermeable boundaries, and organizational environment and conditions. The data parallel CPM and have practical implications for managers aiming to improve the regulation of health information in the workplace.     

Understanding librarians’ knowledge sharing behavior: The role of organizational climate,motivational drives and leadership empowerment

Library managers in Iran have always been concerned with a low level of knowledge sharing among librarians. Identifying effective factors on librarians' knowledge sharing behavior helps us to understand and improve the situation. Organizational factors are one group of these factors. The effect of organizational climate, employees' motivational drives, and leadership empowerment on the subjective norms, attitude, intention, and knowledge sharing behavior among librarians in public libraries in Iran was studied. A conceptual model was designed in light of the Theory of Reasoned Action. Ten hypotheses were formulated. Data were collected by using a questionnaire and were analyzed using structural equations models. The findings showed that constructive organizational climate and positive motivational drives in public libraries, as well as personal and organizational knowledge sources strengthened by the librarians' ability of leadership have a positive and significant effect on subjective norms, attitude, intention, and knowledge sharing behavior. Such conditions facilitate the process of knowledge sharing in public library environments. Moreover, the study highlights the effect of the librarians' leadership empowerment on their attitude to knowledge sharing behavior by motivational drives.     

企业内部社会网络对知识共享行为的影响机制研究

在现有文献的基础上,基于社会认知理论,从组织环境层面出发,对企业内部社会网络对知识共享行为的影响机制进行研究,构建一个概念模型。研究发现,企业内部社会网络不仅对知识共享行为产生直接影响,而且还通过影响个体的自我效能和结果预期,进而对知识共享行为产生间接影响。最后,根据该模型,从企业内部网络角度以及个体的自我效能和结果预期方面,提出促进知识共享的相关对策。     

协同政务知识共享的组织模式及保障因素研究

针对从组织保障角度系统研究协同政务主体之间如何进行知识共享的不足,提出协同政务知识共享的组织模式是知识协同网;针对政府知识协同团队、知识型虚拟政府、政府知识社区是知识协同网的具体组织形式,探讨协同政务知识共享的组织保障因素.     

知识管理关键成功因素解析

概述国内外学者对知识管理关键成功因素认识的不同观点,利用归纳法得出知识管理关键成功因素主要包括6个方面,即高层管理者的领导与支持、组织（企业）文化、信息技术设施、培训（学习）、知识结构、绩效评价,解析这6种关键成功因素对知识管理实施的影响。      

情境中的文化要素对组织知识转移的影响

知识转移活动受到地理区域和这些地区自身资源的影响,而这些禀赋资源受到经济、教育、政治和社会等因素影响,其中之一就是文化。从阐述组织知识转移与情境的关系出发,对国外关于组织知识转移的情景研究进行分析,探讨霍夫斯泰德的文化指数如何影响组织知识转移的实现。     

信息网络的发展与高校图书馆资源共享

本文论述了我国文献信息保障体系的现状, 提出了在高度信息化的社会中, 高校图书馆现代化的发展对科技文化的交流、社会主义经济建设的发展和综合国力的提高起着至关重要的作用。探讨了图书馆之间利用网络进行文献资源共享的可能性和优越性, 并对我国高校图书馆计算机网络建设提出了可行性建议。     

组织文化、组织结构和技术支持对知识管理绩效的影响

在知识管理研究领域,组织文化、组织结构和技术支持被认为会对企业的知识管理实践带来巨大的影响,同时,知识共享也被看成是知识管理的中心活动。基于已有研究,以知识共享为中介变量构建CST P的知识管理影响因素模型,并提出相应的研究假设。通过对珠三角地区的软件和IT企业开展问卷调查,采用结构方程模型对研究假设进行检验,并基于实证结果深入探讨技术、文化、组织结构和知识共享对于知识管理绩效产生影响的作用机制。     

少数民族地区图书馆民族民间文化资源建设研究——以武陵山少数民族地区为例

本文介绍了武陵山少数民族地区民族民间文化资源现状,论述了图书馆民族民间文化信息资源建设的现实意义,提出了建立民族民间文化信息中心,加强原生态民族民间文化资源建设、数字化民族民间文化特色资源等策略,以实现特色资源共建共享的目的。     

农户间知识共享影响因素的ISM模型分析

为促进农户间知识共享和推动农业技术扩散,在界定农户间知识共享内涵的基础上,从内部和外部两个方 面归纳农户间知识共享的核心影响因素,并利用解释结构模型分析影响因素对农户间知识共享行为的作用机制,识别 影响农户间知识共享的表层因素、中层因素与根本因素。研究结果表明,农户知识存量、价值观及信任关系是影响农 户间知识共享行为发生的表层因素,通讯设施条件、现有资源条件是中层影响因素,而根本因素是农村社会网络与农 村地理区位。     

国内外知识共享理论研究综述

知识管理理论的兴起带动了知识共享研究的发展。近年来,国内外学者从多角度出发,运用不同的方法对知识共享理论进行了研究。知识共享是一个包含众多因素的理论体系,其中知识共享的内涵可以从信息沟通/信息流动角度、组织学习角度、市场角度、系统角度来理解。除此之外,知识共享的过程、知识共享的影响因素、知识共享的支撑机制也是知识共享理论重要的组成部分,值得学者们继续进行深入研究。     

组织内知识共享：概念、测量与整合模型

清晰界定知识共享概念,对其测量维度加以归纳,提炼出四类影响因素：知识特性、主体特性（如自我效能感）、主体间关联特性和环境特性（如组织氛围）,分别从组织与个人绩效对知识共享的作用予以阐述,并在分析研究现状的基础上构建知识共享整合模型。