Book Reviews

Educational Freedom in an Age of Anxiety . Twelfth Yearbook of the John Dewey Society, ed.
Freedom, Power, and democratic Planning . By K. Mannheim, Internat. Lib. of Sociol. & Soc. Reconstr.
Improving Teaching-Learning Processes . By Ray H. Simpson.     

基于MATLAB的变步长复合Simpson数值积分法的研究与实验

通过介绍有关数值求积公式的定义和变步长复合Simpson求积法的基本原理,给出了实现变步长复合Simpson求积法的MATLAB源文件,并结合几个算例验证了变步长复合Simpson求积法的基本原理,以供相关工程技术人员和科学研究者在利用变步长复合Simpson求积法解决那些用微积分方法所不能求解的积分问题时作参考。     

Nature study,Aborigines and the Australian kindergarten: lessons from Martha Simpson’s Australian Programme based on the Life and Customs of the Australian Black

This article examines an experimental kindergarten programme Work in the Kindergarten: An Australian Programme based on the Life and Customs of the Australian Black developed by Martha Simpson in early twentieth-century Australia. Here Simpson adapted international Revisionist Froebelian approaches to cultural epoch theory and nature study in an Australian context. Accepting that human development recapitulates, Simpson posited that Aboriginal culture could serve as stimulus for age-appropriate and improving child-centred activities. Local contingencies, including histories of violent cross-racial encounter, complicated an attempt by kindergartener Helen Beaumont to apply the programme in the Sydney slum suburb of Leichhardt. These contingencies are documented and analysed.     

几个复合型数值积分公式的内禀关连性

在数值积分中,复合辛普森(Simpson)公式与复合梯形公式之间,复合辛普森公式与复合柯特斯(Cotes)公式之间,存在着内在的关连性,文中对这种关连性予以数学推导并辅以解说诠释.     

Teaching Culture: Imagined Communities and National Fantasies in the O. J. Simpson Case

This article argues for a complex and contradictory presentation of culture in the language classroom. To demonstrate the possibilities, it uses theories of nationalism to examine treatment of the O. J. Simpson case-a murder trial in the United States. Coverage from popular news magazines is read through the lens of anthropology (Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities, 1991) and of literary and social theory (Lauren Berlant's National Fantasies, 1991). The focus of these readings is the transformation of the race-neutral citizen Simpson into the racialized and criminalized defendant, then the "cultural work" (Tompkins, 1985) that once again attains a national perspective. As the media transformed Simpson, the individual reader was enfolded into an "us" that (re)built the nation at the moment of its disturbance. Exploring the cultural work that produced these transformations exposes the complex raw material from which cultural presentations can be drawn. The article argues that language students require a similarly nuanced sense of cultural events and artifacts if they are to avoid essentialist and anachronistic conceptions of "target cultures." The discussion ends with reflections on classroom practice. It begins with the author's early experience in the language classroom.     

Where Is Human Evolution Heading?(节选)

If you judge the progress of humanity by Homer Simpson, Paris Hilton, and Girls Gone Wild videos, you might conclude that our evolution has stalled-or even shifted into reverse. Not so, scientists say.……     

数值积分法在船体计算中的应用

结合船体的一些基本计算,较详细的介绍了数值积分的梯形法、辛浦生法(其中包括辛浦生第一法和辛浦生第二法)、乞贝雪夫法等数值积分法的推导及应用.     

Faculty development in medicine: A field in evolution

This article focuses on the evolution of faculty development in medicine. Of note, improving teaching in medical education is not a new concept. At a minimum, it was seriously discussed by pioneers like George Miller and Steve Abrahamson as early as the 1950s [Simpson & Bland (2002). Stephen Abrahamson, PhD, ScD, educationist: A stranger in a kind of paradise. Advances in Health Science Education Theory Practice, 7, 223–234]. By 2005, significant numbers of medical school faculty have participated in teaching improvement methods [Clark et al. (2004). Teaching the teachers: National survey of faculty development in departments of medicine of US teaching hospitals. Journal General Internal Medicine, 19, 205–14]. Yet, views of the importance and value of faculty development have evolved slowly. Fortunately, we are now in a more receptive era for program developers to assist faculty in their difficult roles.     

Reviews

Book reviews in this article:
Children's Ltterature and Computer Based Teaching by Len Unsworth, Angela Thomas, Alyson Simpson and Jennifer L. Asha Buckingham
Outside the classroom: researching ltteracy wfth adult learners . Ellayne Fowler and Jane Mace
Popular Literacies, Childhood and Schooling Marsh, J. and Millard     

一种求解常微分方程初值问题的单步方法

利用Simpson求积公式，提出了一种求解常微分方程初值问题的单步方法。该方法为3点4阶方法，其绝对稳定区间大于同阶的Adams内、外插值法的绝对稳定区间。最后通过数值算例表明，该方法具有一定的优势。     

Learning at a distance: the case of the community pharmacist

The article, written jointly by a provider and an evaluator of distance learning, begins by highlighting recent increased interest in continuing professional development. In particular community pharmacists' needs for continuing education are examined against a background of their changing role. The authors then report the findings from a one-year evaluation of distance learning materials produced and distributed by the Centre for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education at the University of Manchester. The evaluation, undertaken by a team from the Scottish Council for Research in Education, was conducted in two phases: first, a national survey of registered pharmacists, and second, a series of focus group meetings with practising pharmacists. By separating high, low and non-users, a picture of professional use of distance learning, the influence of mediating factors and the inter-relationship between personal motivation and design emerge. Some of the findings challenge the current orthodoxy (see for example, Lewis 1995, Burt 1997, Burt and Simpson 1998, Bennett 1998) which underpins distance learning. Finally, changes made as a consequence of the evaluation are indicated, showing how research can influence practice.     

Conditional inference and advanced mathematical study: further evidence

In this paper, we examine the support given for the ‘theory of formal discipline’ by Inglis and Simpson (Educational Studies Mathematics 67:187–204, 2008). This theory, which is widely accepted by mathematicians and curriculum bodies, suggests that the study of advanced mathematics develops general thinking skills and, in particular, conditional reasoning skills. We further examine the idea that the differences between the conditional reasoning behaviour of mathematics and arts undergraduates reported by Inglis and Simpson may be put down to different levels of general intelligence in the two groups. The studies reported in this paper call into question this suggestion, but they also cast doubt on a straightforward version of the theory of formal discipline itself (at least with respect to university study). The paper concludes by suggesting that either a pre-university formal discipline effect or a filtering effect on ‘thinking dispositions’ may give a better account for the findings.     

Heterogeneity of student perceptions of the classroom climate: a latent profile approach

Student perceptions are a pivotal point of measurement for understanding why classroom learning environments are effective. Yet there is some evidence that student perceptions cannot be reliably aggregated at the classroom level and, instead, could represent idiosyncratic experiences of students. The present study examines whether heterogeneity in student perceptions of the classroom climate has implications for student achievement. We use data from 1428 seventh grade students in 75 mathematics classrooms from the Michigan Study of Adolescent and Life Transitions. Three dimensions of student perceptions of the classroom were measured: emotional support, autonomy support and performance focus. To obtain a measure of heterogeneity, we first reduced the data using latent profile analysis to describe profiles of students’ perceptions of the classroom. Next, we quantified the heterogeneity of student perceptions within classrooms using Simpson’s D. Classroom-level heterogeneity (Simpson’s D) of students’ perceptions was negatively associated with students’ mathematics achievement, even after controlling for individual- and classroom-level previous achievement, student’s prior perceptions and other variables. Findings suggest that measures of heterogeneity in student perceptions might be important for understanding classroom- and teacher-level effects on student outcomes.     

高精度的数值积分对偶格式及其数值实验

构造了Simpson、高斯及一个含导数项三类数值积分公式的对偶格式,得到它们对应的校正解,提高了对应数值积分公式的数值计算精度。最后,给出了几个数值算例,比较了用三类数值积分公式及其对偶解与校正解进行计算的数值结果．计算结果表明校正解和对偶解具有比三类数值积分近似解更好的精度和更快的收敛速度。     

实体辩护与程序辩护比较研究

本文将研究范围锁定在刑事辩护理论范畴,运用辩证分析法,从理论和制度两个层面,并通过对美国刑事判例“辛普森”案的具体分析,比较实体辩护和程序辩护的异同,以求对两者的内涵和外延形成较为准确的界定。在此基础上．探讨中国程序辩护的未来发展。     

用掷骰子的方法模拟不同类型的测量误差

利用掷骰子的方法模拟了不同类型的测量误差,且通过实例,对均匀分布、三角分布、正态分布的随机误差进行模拟,对其数字特征与对应不确定度进行印证,并提出了用掷骰子的方法产生给定数学期望与方差的正态随机数的模拟法。     

The progressive development of J. F. Herbart's educational thought

A Place for Everyone: A History of State Education from the End of the Eighteenth Century to the 1970s. By Nigel Middleton and Sophia Weitzman. Pp. 506. London: Victor Gollanc2 Ltd., 1976. £7.50.

Education in Tudor and Stuart England. By David Cressy. Pp. ix, 141. Documents of Modern History Series, Edited by A. G. Dickens and Alan Davies. London: Edward Arnold, 1975. £5.95; paperback edition £2.95.

Population Growth and Educational Planning in Developing Nations. By Gavin Jones. Pp. xiv, 238. New York: Irvington Publishers Inc. (distributed by John Wiley &; Sons, Chichester), 1975. £9.20.

Education and Development in the Third World. By Richard D'Aeth. Pp. 127. Farnborough: Saxon House Studies, D. C. Heath Ltd., 1975. £4.50.

The Highest Education: A Study of Graduate Education in Britain. By Ernest Rudd in association with Renate Simpson. Pp. 198. London and Boston: Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1975 (Direct Edition). £3.90.

The Intelligence of Feeling. By R. W. Witkin. Pp. xiv, 198. London: Heine‐mann Educational Books Ltd. 1974. £3.75.

The Philosophy of Open Education. Edited by David Nyberg. Pp. xiii, 213. London: Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1975. £5–75.

The Gifted Child. By Cyril Burt, Pp. vii, 214. London: Hodder &; Stoughton, 1975. £2.60.

Geography in Education. By N. Graves. Pp. viii, 232. London: Heinemann (Education Books Ltd.), 1975. Paper £2.25, Cased £5–50.     

汽车自动变速器辛普森机构中单向离合器的作用分析

汽车自动变速器的部件比较复杂，许多从事自动变速器维修及相关工作的技术人员对其某些机构(如单向离合器)的理解不够全面，许多专业资料对于单向离合器的作用也没有系统的分析。本文以丰田A43DE自动变速器为例，详细分析了自动变速器中辛普森式行星齿轮机构中的各个单向离合器的设计意图，及他们的作用和工作原理，以供借鉴。     

垂线输沙率计算方法的理论分析

由垂线含沙量分布公式与流速指数分布公式的乘积得到垂线输沙率分布公式,据此对12种垂线平均输沙率计算方法进行了分析比较,并提出了改进意见。建议用辛普生九点法与高斯—勒让德四点法作为计算垂线平均输沙率近似真值的方法,其中后者不仅工作量小,精度高,还避免了施测底速底沙的难题。     

学习支持服务的新模式(英文)

远程教育项目实施的关键因素之一就是学习支持服务。传统的学生支持服务观念将其界定为除课程材料制作和传送之外帮助学生学习取得进展的一切活动(Simpson,2000)或者课程制作之外的所有过程(Sharma,2000;Keegan,1996)。随着在线学习的发展及其在远程教育中所处的主导地位,有必要反思学习支持,且不同于传统或第一代远程教育中的学习支持。网络技术促进了知识的社会创建/建构和对用户生成内容的共享,二者均将学习者看作是知识创建/建构的积极参与者。本文分析了开放与远程数字化学习情境下学习支持服务的关注点,并重点关注在线学习者的挫败感、在线讨论中的沉默文化、基于共同体的学习支持,以及教师在整个学习支持服务提供中的角色。文章主要基于菲律宾开放大学十多年来实施开放与远程数字化学习的经验,并就学习支持系统应具备的属性提出了建议。