Cu~(26+)离子1s~2 nd(3≤n≤9)态的电离能、激发能和精细结构

利用全实加关联的理论方法计算了具有较高核电荷(Z=29)的Cu26+离子1s2nd(3≤n≤9)态的非相对论能量.在计算体系的总能量时,考虑了离子实和角动量分波对能量的修正、一阶相对论效应和质量极化效应对能量的修正、量子电动力学(QED)效应对能量的修正以及高阶相对论效应对能量的修正.给出了Cu26+离子1s2nd(3≤n≤9)态的电离能、激发能和精细结构劈裂.得到的计算结果与实验数据及物理规律符合的很好.     

"原子物理"考查的三个重点内容

原子物理包括原子和原子核两部分知识,是高考的必考内容,年年有试题涉及,其中,命题频率较高的体现在以下三个方面。1玻尔理论、能级跃迁分析这类考题应抓住:(1)原子能量的量子化:若用n表示量子数,En和E1表示对应于n的能级和基态,则有:En=nE21,E1=-13.6eV;(2)跃迁假设:用h表示普朗克常数,ν表示光子的频率,则有hν=Em-En(m>n);(3)原子跃迁的光谱线问题:一群氢原子从n级向基级跃迁可能辐射的光谱线条数为N=n(n2-1)。中画例了1氢原(2子00的54年全个国能理综Ⅰ卷考题)如图1级,并注明了相应的能量E。处在n=4的能级的一群氢原子向低能级跃迁时…     

原子物理教学中应弄清的两个问题

1　区别原子跃迁和原子核跃迁 .原子是有不同能级的 ,从高能级向低能级跃迁产生原子光谱 ,即产生红外线、可见光、紫外线和伦琴射线 .但由于原子能级间隔只有几电子伏到几千电子伏 ,而原子核的能级间隔为兆电子伏的数量级 ,比原子的能级间隔大得多 ,所以原子核跃迁时发出的γ射线能量比伦琴射线大得多 ,波长比伦琴射线短得多 .2　对氢原子跃迁时吸收能量的认识 .氢原子与光子和实物粒子的作用是不同 .对于能量小于氢原子电离能 (1 3 .6ｅＶ)的光子 ,只有其能量刚好使氢原子向高能级跃迁的光子才能被基态氢原子吸收 ,否则不能吸收 ;对于能量…     

从2003年高考题中出现"俄歇电子"谈起

2003年高考物理试题(江苏卷)第九题:原子从一个能级跃迁到一个较低能级时,有可能不发射光子.例如在某种条件下,铬原子的n=2能级上的电子跃迁到n=1能级上时并不发射光子,而是将相应的能量转交给n=4能级上的电子,使之能脱离原子,这一现象叫做俄歇效应.以这种方式脱离了原子的电子叫俄歇电子.已知铬原子的能级公式可简化表示为E_n=-A╱n~2,式中n=1,2,3…表示不同能级,A是正的已知常数,上     

能级跃过和长度、时间基准

根据国际计量会议的规定,在国际单位制中有两个单位是从原子的“能级跃迁”来规定标准的。它们是,“米等于氪86原子的2P_(10)和5d_(10)两个能级之间跃迁的辐射在真空中波长的1650763.73倍;秒是铯133原子基态的两个超精细能级之间跃迁辐射周期9192631770倍的持续时间。”那么, 什么叫能级,能级跃迁和超精细能级呢? 我们以氢原子为例,简单予以说明。按玻尔理论氢原子具有最简单的结构(如图一),它只     

物理两道题解析

原题:原子从一个能级跃迁到一个较低的能级时,有可能不发射光子。例如在某种条件下,铬原子的n=2能级上的电子跃迁到n=1能级上时并不发射光子,而是将相应的能量转交给n=4能级上的电子,使之脱离原子,这一现象就做俄歇效应。以这种方式脱离了原子的电子叫做俄歇电子。已知铬原子的能级公式可简化表示为En=-A/n2式中n=1,2,3…表示不同能级,A是正的已知常     

跃迁和电离

跃迁是原子物理中的重点和难点,对此笔者总结了几点规律供大家学习时参考.1跃迁规律总结1)氢原子由高能级向低能级跃迁,要释放能量,通常以光子形式出现,这就是原子发光的原理,还可能转化为动能形式释放;并且释放的能量一定等于跃迁的两个能级的能量差,数学表达式为:ΔE=Em-En(m     

浅析原子吸收能量后的跃迁

关于原子吸收能量后由低能级向高能级的跃迁问题 ,高中《物理》(试验本 )第五册第二十三章“玻尔的原子模型”中“能级”一节里是这样叙述的 :“原子在吸收了光子或者由于碰撞从别的粒子得到能量后从较低能级向较高能级跃迁 .如果原子得到的能量大于跃迁前后的能级差 ,多余的能量转化为跃迁后原子的动能或其它形式的能 .”而现行高中《物理》(必修本 )中是这样叙述的 :“原子无论吸收能量或辐射能量 ,这个能量都不是任意的 ,而是等于原子发生跃迁的两个能级间的能量差 .”比较这两种教材的讲述可以看出 ,试验本教材扩大了知识面 ,给出了原子获得能量的两种方式 .但是笔者在教学中发现 ,绝大多数学生对试验本教材的这段叙述不能很好地理解 ,他们将这段话中的“原子得到的能量”与原子吸收的能量等同 ,所以错误地认为 :原子由低能级向高能级跃迁时 ,可以吸收等于或大于两能级差的任意值的能量 .那么 ,原子是如何吸收能量而发生跃迁呢 ?下面就这一问题做一简单分析 .原子由低能级向高能级跃迁时获得能量的方式有两种 :场致激发 (也叫做光致激发 )和碰撞激发 .一、场致激发当原子处在电磁辐射场中时 ,原子和辐射场发生相互作用 .如果电磁辐射场...     

类硼Ar X Ⅳ高子的双电子激发六重态跃迁的理论计算

本文用全相对论量子力学方法计算了类硼Ar X Ⅳ的ls2s2p~(36)S~0——ls2s2p~23d~6P跃迁精细结构.     

反质子原子核极化势计算的新途径

根据SIC-Xα的计算方法,对于Rydberg电子态的交换参数采用自洽场模型,较为严谨的计算核极化用以修正C.J.Batty光学模型势下的能级跃迁,其结果比历史上的其它方法要精确得多,为反粒子原子及奇异原子的深入研究提供了理论上的依据.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.