Perspectives on Measurement Instruction

How do teachers obtain assessment information? Should our courses emphasize less formal assessment methods rather than formal methods? What nontraditional assessment topics should be added to our courses?     

Relevant Classroom Assessment Training for Teachers

What are the areas of mismatch between the assessment problems teachers face and the type of assessment training they receive? How can the gaps be addressed in testing courses?     

Evaluating Classroom Assessment Training in Teacher Education Programs

What should training for teachers look like? Do our assessment practices align well with what we would like our students to do? How can you self-assess assessment training at your institution?     

School leadership and teachers’ pedagogical orientations in Hong Kong: A comparative perspective

As a secondary analysis of SITES 2006, this paper aims to explore the school leadership factors that potentially affect teachers’ pedagogical orientations. The exploration is guided by four questions: (1) How do we describe school leadership factors? (2) What are the principals’ perceptions about pedagogy and ICT use? (3) What are the teachers’ perceptions about pedagogical orientations? and (4) How does the school leadership associate with teachers’ pedagogical orientations? Eight school leadership constructs were identified, which cover four areas: learning goals, priority for resource allocation, types of assessment, and priority of competencies for school leadership to acquire. The findings also indicate a gap between principals’ and teachers’ perceptions on pedagogy and ICT use in Hong Kong.     

Wie können Ergebnisse der Kompetenzdiagnostik in Forschungsprojekten sinnvoll zurückgemeldet werden?

Reporting on research results to students, teachers and institutions is a big challenge within competence assessment research: students individually have to be given feedback about how they performed, teachers have to be provided with information about their classes, education authorities are interested in actual research results. For feedback being helpful for students, teachers and institutions, the following questions have to be thought of: (1) Who is the feedback given to? What is the aim of the feedback? (2) Which results shall be reported? (3) How should feedback theoretically look like? And (4) how does feedback depend on the given general framework? The given article discusses these questions and offers a “checklist” to research projects with a focus on competence assessment.     

Should assessment reflect only pupils’ knowledge?

In order to realise increasingly complex objectives of compulsory education, it is necessary to have in place appropriate teaching concepts as well as assessment and testing guidelines. The question, however, is what should be assessed: levels of acquired knowledge, skills or attitudes? Should assessment be only a measure of the educational process outcomes, or should it also measure the process of knowledge acquisition itself? How should assessment be carried out in order to respect the principle of fairness and justice? In this paper, we will present results of a research project in which we were interested to find out what teachers would assess if it were up to them to decide. Our survey was conducted on a representative sample of primary school teachers in Slovenia. In spite of clear regulations prescribing that teachers should only assess pupils’ progress in relation to the defined objectives and knowledge standards, teachers underlined the necessity to also consider other aspects of children’s development.     

Raising the stakes: the challenges for teacher assessment

These are changing times in Australia for teachers and their students, with the introduction of a national curriculum and standards driven reform. While countries in Europe such as England, and in Asia such as Singapore, are changing policy to use assessment in the support of and improvement of learning it appears that we in Australia are moving towards creating policy that will raise the assessment stakes for the putative purposes of transparency, accountability and fairness. What can be learnt from countries that have had years of high stakes testing? How can Australia avoid the mistakes of past curriculum and assessment reform efforts? And how can Australian teachers build their capacity to maximise their use of the learning power of assessment? These are the questions that are addressed in this article, with reference to innovative research from global networks that have maintained the assessment focus on learning rather than accountability practices.     

How to be a good teache

What makes a good teacher?How should teachers talk to students?How should teachers give instructions?Who should talk in class?What are the best kinds of lesson?How important is it to follow a pre-arranged plan?     

Integrity and the Feminist Teacher

Our popular conception of integrity brings to mind uncompromising figures like Socrates or Sir Thomas More whose steadfast stands on matters of principle we accept and admire. The paper considers the implications of this for two committed feminists, both of whom are teachers. Their pedagogical philosophies are sufficiently different to lead one to charge the other with selling out her feminist principles. But is this a fair assessment? Is there room for compromise within the complex notion of integrity? How might feminist teachers rework the concept to do justice to the complexities involved?     

美国《国家科学教育标准》倡导的课堂评价

美国《国家科学教育标准》倡导在课堂教学中实施形成性评价,形成性评价的一般模式,师生均需明确的问题:学生想达到什么目标?学生现在所处的是什么位置?如何能够达到目标?评价要遵循平等原则、有效性原则和可靠性原则。评价的重点要转向最被重视的内容、"活性"知识、科学理解力和推理能力、学生的进步和成绩及学习机会、学生自我评价以及教师参与外部评价。课堂评价还需要着力避免走进误区。     

创新学生管理研究

教师应如何面对现在的学生,如何保证教学质量。教师在教育中的几个误区是什么?教师应如何定位自身角色,在教学中的几条正确的教学原则。     

教师应当掌握怎样的技术？

本文从四个方面分析探讨“教师应当掌握怎样的技术”这一问题:运用技术的实质是什么?教师应掌握哪些技术?教师应掌握多深的技术?如何培养教师的技术能力?并阐释其对我国教师教育和信息技术教育所具有的借鉴意义。     

Learning to Learn From Benchmark Assessment Data: How Teachers Analyze Results

Although interim assessments are currently promoted as a mechanism for improving teaching and student learning, we know little about how teachers use this data to modify instruction. This article presents findings from a larger study on teachers’ use of interim assessment information in elementary mathematics. We address the following questions: (a) How do the Philadelphia teachers in our sample analyze benchmark assessment results, (b) how do they plan instruction based on these results, and (c) what are their reported instructional responses to such results? To answer these questions, we interviewed all 3rd- and 5th-grade teachers in five average- and above-average-performing elementary schools three times during the 2006–07 school year. We found that although the teachers in our study used interim assessment results to gain information about students’ learning in mathematics, teachers did not use interim assessments to make sense of students’ conceptual understanding. Furthermore, teachers’ tendency to interpret student errors as procedural missteps was paralleled by a trend toward procedural instructional responses.     

Development and Validation of Professional Development Resource Materials for Teachers Cbvering Commwnicathg and Interpreting Assessment Results

How were the materials tested? How did the reactions of teachers compare to those of measurement students? How can these materials be used effectively?     

中小学教师继续教育必须适应“两个”需要

随着基础教育课程改革的不断深入,教师培训工作也面临着机遇和挑战。如何把培训的水平进一步提高,适应广大教师专业发展的需要;如何发掘优质的培训资源,适应基础教育课程改革的需要,是新形势下中小学教师继续教育必须面对的客观实际问题,也是广大中小学教师日益关注的焦点问题。     

外语教师与外语教学理论和方法几个问题的研究

外语教师们对外语教学理论和方法是如何认识的?他们对外语教学理论方法的了解程度如何?在实践中的运用情况怎样?本文根据对四川省9所师范院校外语系110名教师的调查,从6个方面统计分析了外语教师在上述问题上的认识和实践情况以及存在的问题,并提出了一些建议。     

Moving Science Off the “Back Burner”: Meaning Making Within an Action Research Community of Practice

In this study, the participants conceptualized and implemented an action research project that focused on the infusion of inquiry principles into a neglected science curriculum. Specific objectives were to find (a) What factors challenge and support the evolution of an action research community of practice? (b) How are teachers’ beliefs about science teaching and learning transformed? and (c) How does teachers’ knowledge of curriculum, instruction, assessment, and student learning change as a result of learning within a community of practice? In this instrumental case study (Stake 2000, In N. K. Denzin, &; Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 435–454). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage), a range of data collection sources and methods were adopted. Outcomes focus on how the design principles for cultivating a community of practice emerged in the action research group, as well as the types of teacher learning that occurred by engaging in action research.     

Navigating Policy and Trying out New Ways of Teaching: Teachers and Children Becoming Experts

How can teachers engage in new ways of teaching that demonstrate student achievement beyond required standardized testing? This article by teachers for teachers shares one team's experience engaging in documentation with children via ongoing projects. Teachers shifted how they viewed assessment, used assessment tools and negotiated the curriculum and standards to which they must adhere in their district. Teachers found that, when they provided children with learning experiences that extended over the course of several days and incorporated time for inquiry-based exploration and child-initiated activities, they saw expertise where they had not seen it before. In addition, this article considers the challenges of alternative forms of assessment in a climate of high-stakes testing and curriculum implementation. Teachers as a group are particularly susceptible to the pressures of testing policy. Thinking about navigating policy as a necessary part of teaching might be a way for professionals to frame their work as they adopt new stances towards teaching and learning.     

例谈中考阅读理解中的思维品质培养

英语教学和英语测试与评价是教学过程中密不可分的两个部分。有教学的地方就会有测试和评价。中考作为义务教育阶段的终结性考试,对日常教学无疑起到了指导和反拨作用。同时,英语学科的核心素养之一思维品质的培养与语言学习的方法存在着密切的关系,高效的语言学习能够促进思维品质培养的发展,思维品质培养也影响着语言学习的有效性。因此,作者结合一节中考阅读理解的复习指导课,谈一谈教师如何充分利用中考阅读理解中的文本,通过解读中考阅读文本,明确思维训练重点,设计富含思维内涵的活动,将复习备考和思维品质培养进行有效结合的一些做法和思考。     

Portfolios, Accountability, and an Interpretive Approach to Validity

How can the results of classroom-based portfolio assessment be communicated outside the classroom? How might a portfolio-based assessment system be designed and implemented? How can we evaluate the merits of portfolio-based assessments?