关于提高教学效益的几点思考

随着体育教学改革的不断深化,人们对体育教学的形式与内容提出了更加深刻的要求。提高体育课的教学效益也是当前体育教改的热门话题之一。但如何提高大家却仁者见仁,智者见智。笔者在多年的体育教学实践中认为:体育教学课既有与其它教学课相同的传授知识、培养技能、进行教养的功能,又有发挥学生身体、培养心理品质的特殊功能。故此在提高体育课     

体育教学应加强学生体育兴趣的培养

本文以学生体育兴趣的培养为研究对象,运用文献资料分析法对学生体育兴趣的培养进行全面阐述。提出了体育课应以快乐体育教学为主,充分地营造和谐的教学气氛,运用激励手段激发学生们的兴趣和学习的主动性,深化体育教学改革,摆脱传统的体育课模式,以适应现代化社会对体育教学的新要求。     

体育教学中学生体育兴趣培养的研究

本文以学生体育兴趣的培养为研究对象,运用文献资料分析法对学生体育兴趣的培养进行全面阐述。提出了体育课应以快乐体育教学为主,充分地营造和谐的教学气氛,运用激励手段激发学生们的兴趣和学习的主动性,深化体育教学改革,摆脱传统的体育课模式,以适应现代化社会对体育教学的新要求。     

初中体育课培养学生自我锻炼能力的有效途径

初中体育课程的开设,不仅要求达到教学目标,更应该以培养学生的自我锻炼能力为主,体育教学的落脚点和出发点都在于学生,学生体育素质的提高与拥有一个强健的体魄才是初中体育课的追求所在。本文通过以下四个方面来探讨初中体育课培养学生自我锻炼能力的有效途径,分别是：初中体育课培养学生的自我锻炼能力是教学目的的要求;学生对于体育课不重视,忽视了自我锻炼能力的培养;教学方式的局限性阻碍了热爱体育的学生的自我锻炼行动;初中体育培养学生自我锻炼能力的有效途径探析。     

体育教学中学生积极性的研究

学生体育课的现状令人担忧,学生普遍不重视体育课,教学效率较低。因此在体育教学中应加强理论教学,加大体育宣传力量,提高学生对体育的认识,树立正确的态度;不断改革教学形式,充分利用课外体育活动时间培养学生的兴趣,能有效地提高学生学习的积极性。     

我国部分高校体育课情况比较研究

目前我国高校体育课程设置虽各有特色，但如何使体育课程设置更加科学合理，更符合目前素质教育思想和终身体育观念，更有利于发展学生体质，培养终身体育能力，已成当务之急。本文通过对国内部分高校体育课情况的调查研究认为：兴趣教学和选项教学已成为当前高校体育教学发展的方向和主流。     

浅谈在体育教学中培养学生的美感

本文论述在体育教学中,体育教师如何通过教材内容、针对教学对象运用示范、讲解、分析、对比等教学方法并指导学生亲身参与,来培养学生美的意识和审美能力,进而使学生更加热爱体育运动,激发学生学习体育动作、知识的积极性,提高体育课教学效果。     

我国普通高校体育教学内容思考

我国高校体育课存在的问题是,大学与中、小学体育课教学内容的重复影响了学生的学习兴趣,体育课教学内容的竞技体育化和军事化导致体育课不可能完成培养学生终身体育锻炼意识的教学任务。当前体育课的改革并没有从根本上改变体育课的传统模式,将体育的长期目标与体育课的具体教学任务相混淆,把增进学生体质健康作为体育课的教学任务,不仅改变了体育课的教学内涵,而且干扰了课外业余体育锻炼活动,不利于大学体育教学的发展。针对以上问题,提出体育教学改革建议。     

影响学生体育课积极性的因素及对策

中学生体育课的现状令人担忧,学生普遍不重视体育课,教学效率较低。因此在体育教学中应加强理论教学,加大体育宣传力量,提高学生对体育的认识,树立正确的态度;不断改革教学形式,充分利用课外体育活动时间培养学生的兴趣,能有效地提高学生学习的积极性。     

对中学体育课考核与评定办法的初步探讨

一、体育课考核的意义:体育课考核是体育教学过程中不可缺少的一环。体育课考核是为了掌握每个学生的身体素质、体育知识、体育技术、技能等方面的真实情况,并予以客观的评价,以便使学生正确估价自己的学习成果,看清自己的不足之处和努力方向,激发学生更加勤奋地学习和锻炼,以达到牢固地掌握知识、技术、技能和有效地增强学生体质的目的。对体育课的考核,不但可以进一步贯彻落实《中小学体育工作暂行规定》,而且还可以督促学生积极锻炼,逐步养成自觉锻炼的习惯,加强他们的责任感,培养良好的意志品质。体育课考核还能帮助教师检查教学效果,总结工作中的经验教训,以便改进教     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.