树木的拍摄

树木与人类息息相关,不论自觉或不自觉。人们都意识到,这个世界用于呼吸的空气,环境地球的大气,以及培植未来生物的土壤,全都依赖于树木的存在。人们应该利用摄影去表现春．夏、秋、冬四季树木的形态,表达树木的个性,抒发对大自然热爱的情感,通过摄影活动唤起人们保护自然的意识。     

浅谈生态建筑设计重点及重要性

如今生活在都市里的人都渴望回归自然,希望更多地与大自然接触,但住宅建筑仅有绿色还不能说其具有生态性,住宅的生态型是以绿色为基础涵盖生态环保,可持续发展等多种理念。首先就绿色本身而言,要达到国家有关标准,并具有完整的包括设计,施工,物业管理等多个环节的生命周期评价,且要和所有城市的整体环境质量相结合。其次是垃圾处理,污冰处理的就地化,实现生态最统内部有秩序的循环转换。垃圾就地处理及时,避免了在清运中的撒泄现象和因垃圾堆放而造成的污染。     

蚂蚁的"知音"——记美国生物学家爱德华·威尔逊

如果人类消失,地球上将欣欣向荣;如果蚂蚁消失,成千上万的生物将会跟着消失。20世纪初,著名的英国物理学家卢瑟福曾经骄傲地宣称:科学除了物理之外就是集邮。他的话语中显露出对科学中的博物学传统的轻蔑和不屑一顾。进入20世纪之后,各门科学的研究内容都越来越细致,从前那种"集邮"式的博物学者已经少之又少。但是,总有那么一些不合群的人,偏偏就喜欢研究那些别人不屑一顾的东西,当今的美国生物学家爱德华?威尔逊就是其中之一,他对一种小东西情有独钟。     

漫画走进警察局

警察局是一个严肃的地方,而目击证人描述犯罪分子头像的过程也是要平心静气、开不得半点玩笑的。然而,这样做真的能达到最好的效果吗?     

从北京奥运会谈我国教练员、运动员的职业道德

2008年第29届奥林匹克运动会将在我国首都北京举行,这将会对我国的体育事业产生强大的推动力.我国教练员、运动员职业道德水平的高低将直接影响举办奥运会的质量.因此,我们要加强对教练员、运动员职业道德的培养,以奥运的目标管理他们,在奥运会的赛场上展现出我们最为优秀的一面.     

浅谈如何提升学生的综合能力

现在竞争激烈的社会需要的是综合性人才,本文从如何从工作生活中学习,如何提高面试成绩,如何面对应聘失败,如何做好工作,如何做一名优秀的员工等这几个方面进行详细的阐述。     

浅析遗传病类型的特点、判断方法和相关应用

了解各种遗传病的类型,掌握AD、AR、XD、XR、MF等各种遗传病的特点,初步学会看遗传系谱图.根据各种遗传系谱图的特点,结合实际来解决现实生活中的各种遗传问题,同时可用来阐明国家提倡优生优育的原因,解释《婚姻法》规定禁止近亲结婚的理由.     

坚持不懈 终得硕果

张树球,男,1 943年生,汉族,广西容县人,生化教授,1967年广西医科大学临床医学专业本科毕业.中国生物化学与分子生物学学会会员,广西生物化学与分子生物学会会员.毕业后从事临床医学(医生)工作十年,然后,在右江民族医学院执教生物化学专业.1984年开始主持课题研究工作.     

与奥运作对的科技

脚蹬"拖鞋式冰鞋",身穿"鲨鱼皮泳衣",头戴"蝙蝠侠面具",最好再配上一辆最新型场地自行车……如今的奥运会,俨然成了"新式武器"大显身手的舞台。当我们为现代科学促进奥运发展而欢呼的时候,是否也要看到科技在奥林匹克运动上所展现的另一面?     

中医是一门成熟科学——晰博先生谈中医

建平:晰博先生,早在1991年,<马奎斯世界名人录>②就把您称为"医学科学教育家(诸科医学改革家)",这一称呼的含义是什么呢?晰博:20世纪中叶以来,在世界范围内所有医疗实践的功效都陷入了危机.50多年来,我的工作就是围绕着处理这一危机的方法论而开展的.在这一背景下,<马奎斯世界名人录>的编辑们认为把我称为"诸科医学改革家",或者更具诗意的"医学科学教育家"比较合适.     

新疆贝母属的核型研究

作者研究了产于我国新疆的6种贝母以及引种的浙贝母的核型。其中5种为首次报道。     

云南鳞毛蕨属植物分类概要

本文研究云南产鳞毛蕨属植物的属下分类并列出所有的种类。该属植物在云南现知至少有88种，属下可划分为3个亚属和12个组。为了使这些类群之间的特征轮廓清晰，本文提供了分亚属及分组的检索表。     

中国金腰属的研究(续)

This paper deals with the taxonomy and geographic distribution of the ge- nus Chrysosplenium L. in China.      Based on the characters and evolution of the seed, capsule, disk, ovary and leaf, the species of this genus can be grouped into 2 subgenera, 5 sections and 16 series.  There are 2 subgenera, 5 sections and 11 series in China.  They are as follows:      I.  Subgen. Gamosplenium Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Leaves alternate.      Lectotype: Chrysosplenium carnosum Hook. f. et Thoms.      1.  Sect. Alternifolia Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Seeds smooth and glabrous.      Type: Chrysosplenium alternifolium L.       (1)  Ser. Nudicaulia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior, sometimes mostly inferior; cap- sule generally subtruncate and emarginate at top and bilobed with equal and horizontal- ly divaricate or suberect lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous.      Type: Chrysosplenium nudicaule Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Alternifolia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk 8-lobed; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule generally subtruncate and emar- ginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally  divaricate lobes;  seeds smooth and glabrous.       Type: Chrysosplenium alternifolia L.      2.  Sect. Nephrophylloides Turcz.      Seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Type: Chrysosplenium sedakowii Turcz.       (1)  Ser. Macrophylla Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule nearly truncate and em- arginate at top, and bilobed with equal lobes; seeds minutely papillose.      Type: Chrysosplenium macrophyllum Oliv.       (2)  Ser. Ovalifolia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk generally 8-, rarely 4-, lobed, papillae absent around disk; ovary mostly infe- rior; capsule subtruncate and emarginate at top; seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Type: Chrysosplenium ovalifolium M. Bieb. ex Bunge       (3)  Ser. Lanuginosa Hara, emend. J. T. Pan      Papillae numerous, brown around reduced disk; ovary mostly inferior; capsule ne- arly truncate and emarginate at top; seeds minutely papillose.      Type: Chrysosplenium lanuginosum Hook. f. et Thoms.        II.  Subgen. Chrysosplenium      Leaves opposite.      Type: Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L.      1.  Sect. Trichosperma J. T. Pan, sect. nov.      Capsule not truncate at top, and bilobed with subequal, suberect or divergent lobes.      Type: Chrysosplenium trichospermum Edgew. ex Hook. f. et Thoms.      This section is divided into 4 series in the world, with only 1 in China.      (1)  Ser. Nepalensia Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary generally mostly inferior;  cassule not truncate at top, and bilobed with subequal and suberect or divergent lobes; seeds smooth and gla- brous.       Type: Chrysosplenium nepalense D. Don      2.  Sect. Grayana J. T. Pan, sect. nov.      Capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes.      Type: Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim.      This section consists of 4 series in the world, with 3 series in China.       (1)  Ser. Sinica Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-superior; capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes; seeds minutely papillose.       Type: Chrysosplenium sinicum Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Esulcata Franch. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk (4)-8-lobed; ovary generally half-inferior; capsule bilobed with unequal and ascending lobes; seeds minutely papillose or pilose.      Lectotype: Chrysosplenium dubium J. Gayex DC.       (3)  Ser. pilosa maxim. emend. J. T. Pan      Disk obscure or absent; ovary nearly half-inferior; capsule bilobed with distinctly unequal and ascending lobes; seeds distinctly longitudinally ll-18-costate and minu- tely papillose or tuberculate on the ridge.       Type: Chrysosplenium pilosum Maxim.       3.  Sect. Chrysosplenium       Capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizon- tally divaricate lobes.       Type: Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L.       (1)  Ser. Romosa J. T. Pan, ser. nov.       Disk distinctly 8-lobed, papillae sparse, brown around disk; ovary mostly inferior; ca- psule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and horizontally divaricate lobes; seeds smooth and glabrous.       Type: Chrysosplenium ramosum Maxim.       This series is monospecific one, also occurring in China, namely C. ramosum Maxim.       (2)  Ser. Delavayi Hara       Disk distinctly 8-lobed, Papillae sparse, brown around the disk; ovary mostly infe- rior; capsule nearly truncate and emarginate at top, and bilobed with equal and hori- zontally divaricate lobes; seeds distinctly longitudinally 10-16-costate and transverse- ly striate on the ridge.       Type: Chrysosplenium delavayi Franch.         This series can be considered as the most advanced one in the Chrysaspleninm L.       So far, the Chrysosplenium L. comprises 64 species in the world, among which 1 spe- cies is found in North Africa, 2 in South America, 4 in Europe, 5 in North America, 56 in Asia, of which 3 occur in Sikkim, 5 Bhutan, 5 Mongolia, 6 north Burma, 6 Korea, 7 north India, 8 Nepal, 12 Japan, 17 U.S.S.R. (of which 3 also in Europe), 34 China (in- cluding 22 endemic species and 3 new species).       In China, Fujian and Guangdong Provinces and Zhuang Autonomous Region of Gu- angxi each has only 1 species, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Shanxi and Hebei Provinces and Uy- gur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang each has 2, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan Provinces each has 3, Qinghai Province 4, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Guizhou Provinces each has 5, Jilin and Hubei Provinces each has 6, Gausu Province 8, Shaanxi Province and Xi- zang (Tibet) Autonomous Region each has 10, Yunnan Province has 11, Sichuan Provi- nce has 14.      Thus the distribution centre of this genus should be in the north temperate zone of Asia, and the region covering Shaanxi Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang may be regarded as an important part of this centre.      The 7 species of Ser.  Nudicaula Maxim. emend. J. T. Pan can be considered as the most primitive ones in this genus. They are mostly distributed in Shaanxi (Qin Ling), south Gansu, southeast Qinghai, southwest Sichuan and nothwest Yunnan of China. This region may be considered as the centre of the origin (or at least differentiation) of this genus.      The new species and the new varieties described in this paper are as follows: C. hy- drocotylifolium Levl. et Vant. var. emeiense J. T. Pan, C. taibaishanense J. T. Pan, C. lixianense Jien ex J. T. Pan, C. qinlingense Jien ex J. T. Pan.     

竹亚科酸竹属的研究

在对竹亚科散生竹全面研究基础上，本文对酸竹属进行了系统的整理和研究，讨论了本属与相近属之间亲缘和区别。本文确认有6种，其中有1新组合和5个新异名。     

从染色体数目、幼枝的解剖特征探讨新疆的沙拐枣属内的某些进化关系

 There are more than 20 species of Calligonum in China, of which 17 are known from Xinjiang.  They are divided into four sections.  This paper aims to study the evolutionary relations of some species of Calligonum in Xinjiang.  The chromosome numbers of 13 species and the anatomic structures of young branch of 8 species have been examined.                 Among 13 species, the, basic chromosome number x=9.9 species are diploids.  4 species are tetraploids.       The evolutionary relations of these plants are arranged as follows:      Section Calligonum (Fisch. et Mey.) Borszcz.                 1.  C. junceum (Fisch. et Mey.) Litv.       Section Pterococcus (Pall.) Borszcz.            2.  C. leucocladum (Schrenk) Bge.            3.  C. aphyllum (Pall.) Gürke.            4.  C. rubicundum Bge.       Section Calligonum   ,.     5.  C. cordatum Eug. Kor.            6.  C. densum Borszcz.                7.  C. klementzii A. Los.       Section Medusa Sosk et Alexandra            8.  C. mongolicum Turcz.                 9.  C. pumilum A. Los.           10.  C. ebi-nuricum Ivanova           11.  C. arborescens Litv.           12.  C. caput-medusae Schrenk           13.C. roborovskii A. Los.     

分支分类学的一种计算方法——最小平行进化法

 本文是“分支分类的一种计算方法—最大同步法”一文的姐妹篇。两种方法运算过程基本相同, 不同之处乃是最小平行进化法利用平行进化的概念,首先确立两个分支单位相结合时产生平行进化 的步数,即平行进化系数的计算公式,对所有待结合分支单位间计算平行进化系数。然后根据俭约性 原理,要获得最俭约演化树谱图,应该尽可能减少平行进化,也就是说在选择结合的分支单位时, 选择平行进化系数最小者优先结合。于是建立起一种新的分支分类运算方法。两种方法的思路完全不 同,从原理上讲对某些数据,最小平行进化法优于最大同步法,但后者运算量较大。如果将两种思路 兼顾,可以得出由这两种方法相结合而产生平行同步综合法．桔梗科6个种的数据作为例子进行运算说明。     

几种人参属植物的细胞分类学研究

                                                             摘    要     1．观察到四种人参属植物的体细胞染色体数目为：竹节参(P．japonicus)   2n＝24，三七(P．notoginseng)2n＝24，人参(P．ginseng)2n＝44，西洋参   (P．quinquefolius)2n＝48。其中，野生于江西省庐山和井冈山的竹节参的体细   胞染色体数目，不同于日本植物(2n＝48)；三七的体细胞染色体数目则为首次   报道。     2．分布区最广的二倍体物种竹节参，应是本属中较原始的类群，四倍体物   种人参、西洋参等可能是本属中较进化的类群。  这个结论不同于化学分类学所   得到的结果。     3．结合这四个种的地理分布资料分析，我们认为：我国的西南地区是本属  的现代分布中心，也是本属的最大变异中心，很可能是本属的始生中心。     

中国蕨类植物的一些新分类群

在编写《中国植物志》第五卷过程中，发现三叉蕨科、实蕨科和藤蕨科的一些新分类群，预   先发表。模式标本均存中国科学院植物研究所。       

中国伞形科八个属的花粉形态研究

 本文对我国伞形科8属22种和1变种的花粉，除用光学显微镜进行了系统 的观察外，并用扫描电子显微镜观察了它们外壁的细微结构，在综合分析对比的基础上，论证了花粉形态研究在伞形科分属水平上的意义。