运动生物力学

G804.61 9802379影像测量误差处理和可行性检验方法研究=Methodolgical study on stochastic errorsimprovement and data accuracy examination in filmanalysis[刊,中,A]/严波涛,李美霞,王惠//体育科学.-1998.-18(2).-78-82图3表1参4(MYL)运动生物力学//影像//测量//方法依据数字信号处理理论和当前影像分析中的误差特点,提出了改进数据中的随机误差处理的方法;并在此基础上建立了检验影像分析中数据     

一种基于Hilbert曲线的HBase遥感影像检索方法

本文在分析海量。感影像存储特点和HBase的基础上,将Hilbert曲线应用到。感影像金字塔中,提出一种利用HBase快速检索海量。感影像的方法。实验结果表明,该方法不仅在集群上解决了单机无法解决的海量。感影像存储问题,而且实现了海量。感影像快速的检索。同时,该方法还可以应用到对海量。感影像的进一步处理中,以加快海量。感影像的并行处理速度。     

三维跟踪扫描影像分析方法的实现与精度分析

三维影像分析是运动生物力学的重要研究手段之一,广泛地应用于运动技术分析和诊断中.三维跟踪扫描影像分析方法就是摄像机跟踪运动目标来记录运动的图像,并通过专门的图像解析系统解算得到运动目标空间实际三维坐标的方法.应用SIMI Motion的Pan/Tilt/Zoom功能来实现三维跟踪扫描录像分析,并对所得到的三维测量数据的精度进行评价和分析.研究结果表明,在相同的坐标参考系下,由全站仪和影像分析测量得到的24个点的三维空间绝对坐标的平均相差值为0.018±0.003 m,三维跟踪扫描影像测量的相对误差可以达到1.97%,这样的测量精度可满足运动技术分析的要求.介绍了实现三维跟踪扫描影像分析的全过程,对影响测量精度的因素进行了初步的分析,并提出了应采取的相应措施.     

“大数据+人工智能”在游泳运动员训练中的应用研究

人工智能和大数据技术的快速发展已经在各个领域取得了一定的成就,其中包括体育领域,但在其与游泳的结合方面还处于初期探索阶段。该文通过文献资料法等方法,结合智能可穿戴设备和图像视频等数据,运用人工智能分析及大数据技术进行综合采集和高效处理,以此精准矫正运动员的游泳姿势。研究结果表明,人工智能和大数据技术在运动员训练中的应用能够为他们提供更全面和个性化的数据支持,为运动员提供更深入的运动表现分析和技术改进的机会。这一发现强调了大数据和人工智能技术在提升运动员表现和技术指导方面的重要性。     

骨密度、骨龄计算机数字视频技术研究

利用手骨影像转换器将不可见的手骨影像转变成电视模拟信号后输入计算机,然后再通过计算机将其转变成计算机数字信号。实现对手骨影像静止图像和动态画面的采集,并以计算机文件及数据光盘的方式长期记录和储存。为骨密度、骨龄资料的记录、分析和保存提供了快捷、准确、可行的方法。     

影像测量数据在击剑弓步技术诊断中的应用

采用影像测量法、数理统计法,对佩剑运动员弓步技术特征点数据进行研究,分析认为:利用人体重心在垂直方向的速度与位移曲线相结合的方法,可以更清楚地反映并较准确地划分弓步技术动作阶段,获得相关数据,掌握运动员各阶段的人体重心变化情况;利用前脚重心点位移与速度特征指标,可以分析"摆"、"伸"步法技术各个环节的问题;通过膝关节角度指标,能对运动员站位高低,人体重心偏移进行诊断,并利用膝关节角度值变化,分析脚步摆动腿幅度,支撑腿用力等情况,判断弓步结束姿势的稳定性.应用影像测量数据简单易行,有助于对击剑运动技术进行分析研究,解决技术诊断中的实际问题.     

运动影像测量方法与误差分析

对此前有关影像测量误差的研究成果和结论进行总结,认为影像测量误差的主要来源为人因误差、环境误差和装置误差等几个方面,并可分为系统误差和随机误差两类。另外,对确定影像测量精度的方法进行归纳总结,主要可分为理论分析法和实验测试法。还对减小影像测量误差的方法进行归纳,消除系统误差的主要方法有:粘贴皮肤标志点法、设置参照点法、周期运动对侧关节点计算法、局部拍摄法以及同步多框架分析标定技术等;消除随机误差的主要方法是对原始数据的平滑。     

国内体育科学研究中CT技术应用综述

对计算机断层扫描(CT)医学影像技术在我国体育科学领域的研究进行回顾,总结CT医学影像技术在体育科学研究中的作用。发现,在运动解剖学方面,CT影像技术不仅可准确评估运动员骨、关节、骨骼肌运动损伤种类与程度,且通过横截面积、体积、密度等形态学指标可以从解剖学角度,为运动选材、训练监控、运动损伤防治提供科学借鉴;在运动生物力学方面,CT法测量的人体惯性参数已十分成熟,但与运动项目相关联的研究还较少;CT影像数据建立的运动员骨、关节、骨骼肌等三维有限元模型,可分析各运动项目训练器材特征、训练动作生物力学机理等。     

SOM和PCA对体质健康数据的模式识别及可视化分析——以学生体质地域特征为视角

随着国家学生体质健康数据量的剧增,体质健康的大数据分析及可视化成为体质研究的重要内容。自组织特征映射网络（Self-Organizing Map,SOM）方法和主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis,PCA）法对处理高维海量数据具有独特优势及可视化特点,从而成为大数据模式识别和 可视化分析的重要工具。以山西某高校6 531名学生体质健康数据为例,以学生体质地域差异为视角,用SOM方法定性识别了学生体质健康的地域 特征,用可视化PCA方法分析学生体质健康的影响因子及解释因子的地域特征。结论：SOM和PCA方法可用于体质健康数据模式识别和可视化分 析。SOM和PCA的实例分析揭示了学生体质的地域特征,分析显示,体重和BMI 指标具有地域一致性,是影响学生体质健康的最重要因素,也是学 生体质健康现状的主要解释变量;女生体质健康的地域差异相对较大,男生体质健康的地域差异较小;可视化PCA结果还揭示了,学生体质健康指 标的聚类特征也具有地域一致性。文章从实证角度论证了SOM和PCA方法在体质健康数据模式识别和可视化分析中的应用,也为体质类大数据分 析提供了初步思路。     

高翻及窄拉类练习对挺举提铃能力的训练作用分析

研究目的:了解举重训练中常用的高翻及窄拉类练习对挺举提铃的训练作用。研究方法:运用影像测量结合动力学测量,对高翻、窄速拉、窄硬拉等练习动作进行量化分析,重点研究了"人/杠"重心的运动轨迹和速度曲线,在对数据进行统计学处理的基础上,通过典型实例进行数据特征进行分析和讨论。结果与结论:发现这3种练习动作对于挺举提铃训练具有不同的作用特征,而且受完成动作质量的影响。训练中应将这些特征与训练目标相结合有针对性的进行安排,并且要有练习要求,才能较好的达到训练目的。     

影片数据平滑方法的研究——利用动力学数据积分平滑运动学数据的方法

为减少影片数据平滑处理中误差。用 2 0 0Hz的高速摄影和 10 0 0Hz的Kistler测力台 ,对跳远运动员的起跳动作进行数据采集 ,研究运动员身体重心的速度和加速度的计算如何采用积分平滑的方法。结果表明利用动力学数据积分平滑运动学数据的方法可用来重心坐标的重构 ,所得的速度和加速度的结果更符合运动的力学规律 ;运动生物力学研究中应加强身体环节加速度的直接测量 ,运用积分平滑的方法可有效减少测量的误差。     

计算机骨龄评定信息系统的研究

通过犬子样试验研究,将手腕骨发育信息转化为可量化的几何信息(形态,相互关系),并建立数字化误差随机模型,骨龄评定数学模型,应用先进的数据处理理论抗差理论使模型稳定、可靠。在此基础上建立计算机骨龄评定信息系统,使骨龄评定实现计算机化。     

Embedded programming and real-time signal processing of swimming strokes

The research outlined in this paper was conducted to allow real-time processing, transmission and presentation of data to swimming coaches and subsequently their swimmers in a training environment, focused on providing information relevant to strokes in free swimming. This was achieved using a wearable wireless sensor and embedded programming techniques, using accelerations involved in the swimming stroke to provide relevant features for coaches. Current methods used do not offer real-time response to coaches, which results in the lack of real-time feedback and significantly increased post-session analysis time. Filtering and signal processing algorithms are described here, which allow real-time data analysis to be embedded within a wireless sensor node. The system significantly reduces the time for processing acquired data and has delivered a novel monitoring device suitable for operation within the harsh environment of the pool.     

有氧运动结合低抗阻训练对肥胖女大学生减肥效果的研究

文章运用文献资料法、实验法、对比分析法和数据统计法等研究方法,对有氧运动减肥和有氧运动结合低抗阻训练减肥的相关资料和信息进行搜集和整理,通过身体形态、生理机能和身体素质进行分析比较,对有氧运动结合低抗阻训练对肥胖女大学生减肥效果进行了探讨,为女性肥胖者达到理想的体重提供一些理论参考。     

Contributions of joint rotations to racquet speed in the tennis serve

The purpose of this study was to measure the contributions of the motions of body segments and joints to racquet head speed during the tennis serve. Nine experienced male players were studied using three-dimensional film analysis. Upper arm twist orientations were calculated with two alternative methods using joint centres and skin-attached markers. The results showed that skin-attached markers could not be used to calculate accurate upper arm twist orientations due to skin movement, and that the use of joint centres produced errors of more than 20 degrees in the upper arm twist orientation when the computed elbow flexion/extension angle exceeded 135 degrees in the final 0.03 s before impact. When there were large errors in the upper arm twist orientation, it was impossible to obtain accurate data for shoulder or elbow joint rotations about any axis. Considering only the contributors that could be measured within our standards of acceptable error, the approximate sequential order of main contributors to racquet speed between maximum knee flexion and impact was: shoulder external rotation, wrist extension, twist rotation of the lower trunk, twist rotation of the upper trunk relative to the lower trunk, shoulder abduction, elbow extension, ulnar deviation rotation, a second twist rotation of the upper trunk relative to the lower trunk, and wrist flexion. The elbow extension and wrist flexion contributions were especially large. Forearm pronation made a brief negative contribution. Computed contributions of shoulder internal rotation, elbow extension and forearm pronation within the final 0.03 s before impact were questionable due to the large degree of elbow extension. Near impact, the combined contribution of shoulder flexion/extension and abduction/adduction rotations to racquet speed was negligible.     

Machine and deep learning for sport-specific movement recognition: a systematic review of model development and performance

Objective assessment of an athlete’s performance is of importance in elite sports to facilitate detailed analysis. The implementation of automated detection and recognition of sport-specific movements overcomes the limitations associated with manual performance analysis methods. The object of this study was to systematically review the literature on machine and deep learning for sport-specific movement recognition using inertial measurement unit (IMU) and, or computer vision data inputs. A search of multiple databases was undertaken. Included studies must have investigated a sport-specific movement and analysed via machine or deep learning methods for model development. A total of 52 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data pre-processing, processing, model development and evaluation methods varied across the studies. Model development for movement recognition were predominantly undertaken using supervised classification approaches. A kernel form of the Support Vector Machine algorithm was used in 53% of IMU and 50% of vision-based studies. Twelve studies used a deep learning method as a form of Convolutional Neural Network algorithm and one study also adopted a Long Short Term Memory architecture in their model. The adaptation of experimental set-up, data pre-processing, and model development methods are best considered in relation to the characteristics of the targeted sports movement(s).     

2012—2013赛季CBA总决赛广东队与山东队攻防技术分析

为探明2012—2013赛季CBA总决赛广东队与山东队4场比赛中两队中远距离投篮、投篮命中率、进攻篮板球、防守篮板球等技术数据的差距,运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法、对比分析等方法,对2012—2013赛季CBA总决赛广东队与山东队攻防数据进行对比分析。指出山东队应该提高队员的罚球命中率,减少队员之间的配合失误,加强自身的防守能力,保护好篮板球的同时,提高自己的投篮命中率[1]。     

Morphology of polyethylene ski base materials

Abstract

We used high-resolution Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry for a comprehensive analysis of carbon black-filled polyethylene ski base grades at processing stages from the raw material to the structured ski base. Based on Raman mapping, we assessed the applicability of an advanced evaluation procedure for amorphous, disordered, and crystalline phase fractions of polyethylene for polyethylene extrusion and sinter grades. For sinter grades, a sufficient segregation between carbon black and polyethylene was confirmed, allowing for a comprehensive Raman spectroscopic morphological analysis. Significant morphological changes in polyethylene due to processing from the raw material to the semi-finished film and to the structured ski base were identified. Throughout the processing chain, we observed a decrease in crystallinity and an increase in the amorphous phase fraction. Although the raw material and the sintered semi-finished film exhibited a different but uniform polyethylene morphology, the morphological changes due to structuring of the ski base are limited to the top surface layer. The highest amorphous phase fractions were detected in the surface of the structured ski bases.     

问题解析与技巧梳理:国际化视野下排球技术统计标准的建立

聚焦国内外排球比赛技术统计发展现状,在统计解析近年来重大排球比赛应用Data Volley 4(Media)中发现问题的基础上,运用文献资料法、数理统计法和专家访谈法对问题进行了统计解析和技巧梳理,并以解决问题和加快国际化进程为导向,建立了技术效果界定标准、关联技术设置标准、代码录入标准等八个标准。论文认为:比赛中统计员出现的错误可概括为判断错误、软件应用初始化错误、操作错误和比赛视频相关错误四类。针对四类错误建立的“八个标准”是解决“四类错误”的良方与技巧。建议采取相应措施全面提高排球技术统计员水平,力争我国排球技术统计水平早日达到国际排联标准。