美国医学信息学教育的发展及其启示

目的：梳理美国生物医学信息学教育博、硕士培养的学科体系、课程设置、培养方案和培养方向的变化,为我国医学信息学教育提供参考.方法：通过网络调查,纵向比较斯坦福大学、哥伦比亚大学的课程体系设置,同时与华盛顿大学、新泽西医科和牙科大学的培养方案进行横向比较.结果：4所高校的培养目标基本一致,培养层次以硕士研究生、博士研究生为主.本科阶段的学习使学生具有较全面的医学专业知识因而了解医学领域信息需求.课程设置方面信息学与医学结合非常紧密.结论：我国应重新设计医学信息专业基础医学课程,使学生能够深入理解医学领域的本质和特点及其信息需求,从而找到信息与医学的结合点.     

Library involvement in health informatics education for health professions students and practitioners: a scoping review

Objective:The purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate the extent of library or librarian involvement in informatics education in the health domain.Methods:We searched eight databases from their inception to 2019 for reports of informatics educational activities for health professionals or health professions students that involved library staff or resources. Two reviewers independently screened all titles/abstracts (n=2,196) and resolved inclusion decisions by consensus. From the full text of the 36 papers that met the inclusion criteria, we extracted data on 41 educational activities.Results:The most frequent coded purposes of activities were “teaching clinical tools” (n=19, 46.3%) and “technology” (n=17; 41.5%). Medical students were the most frequent primary audience (34.1%), though 41.5% of activities had multiple audiences. Evaluation was reported for 24 activities (58.5%), only a few of which assessed short or post-activity impact on attitudes, knowledge, or skills. The most common long-term outcome was applying skills in other courses or clinical experiences. Thematic analysis yielded three areas of outcomes and issues for the library and organizational partners: expanded opportunities, technology and resource issues, and value demonstration.Conclusions:Limited published examples of health informatics educational activities provide models for library roles in informatics education. More librarians should report on their informatics educational activities and provide sufficient details on the interventions and their evaluation. This would strengthen the evidence base about the potential impact of libraries within informatics education.     

Library and Informatics Skills Competencies Statements from Major Health Professional Associations

Every major health profession now provides competency statements for preparing new members for their respective professions. These competency statements normally include expectations for training health professions students in library/informatics skills. For purposes of this article, searches were conducted using various sources to produce a comprehensive 32-page Compendium <https://repository.unm.edu/handle/1928/15363> that inventories library/informatics-related competency statements. This compendium should aid readers in integrating their library/informatics skills training into various health professions education curricula.     

Library and informatics skills competencies statements from major health professional associations

Every major health profession now provides competency statements for preparing new members for their respective professions. These competency statements normally include expectations for training health professions students in library/informatics skills. For purposes of this article, searches were conducted using various sources to produce a comprehensive 32-page Compendium that inventories library/informatics-related competency statements. This compendium should aid readers in integrating their library/informatics skills training into various health professions education curricula.     

英国医学信息学教育现状概述

目的：全面了解英国医学信息学教育现状,提出我国医学信息学教育的发展建议.方法：访问英国高校医学信息学专业相关网站,调查其教学目的、学位授予、课程设置、就业情况等情况.结果：英国医学信息学教育以研究生教育为主,对入学研究生的本科成绩、学科背景等均有较高要求.教学目的明确,教学模式为全日制研究型硕士和非全日制硕士两种教育方式并存,学生可以灵活选择.课程设置模块化,采用核心模块加选修模块的课程体系.就业形势较好,毕业生在以信息学为主导的卫生服务中扮演重要角色.结论：我国医学信息学教育应注重学生实践能力培养和师资力量培养,全力打造复合、高端的医学信息学专业人才.     

浅论情报学研究核心的扩展式

从现实出发,对情报学研究领域的核心内容展开进一步讨论,在阐述情报学研究的经济意义、创新与互动意义及知识意义的基础上,着重论述网络环境下情报学研究核心扩展的方式、方向、具体途径。认为目前情报学的研究被赋予了更为丰富的内涵,其研究范围有不断扩展的趋势。     

图书馆信息学与新文科交叉领域的关系预测研究

[目的/意义]论文回答的研究问题是:在新文科建设背景下,图书馆信息学与数据科学、数字人文与健康信息学等新文科交叉领域的关系发展的未来前景是什么?[方法/过程]论文从现有研究文献中图书馆信息学与数字人文、数据科学、健康信息学三个新文科交叉领域的关系类型出发,设计了民族志未来访谈,邀请三十四位国内图书馆信息学和情报学等学科的学者提炼这四个学科(领域)的核心竞争力,判断其相互间价值,并预测2030年最乐观、最悲观和最有可能的发展前景。[结果/结论]图书馆信息学与数字人文、与数据科学、与健康信息学在2030年更有可能出现的前景是并列有交集的关系,健康信息学相对更可能成为图书馆信息学的下位类,数据科学与图书馆信息学的关系相对更独立。     

国外健康科学数据管理实践及启示

[目的/意义]国外健康科学数据管理实践实现了健康科学数据的高效利用并促进了开放科学的发展,总结国外实践能为国内健康科学数据管理提供借鉴和启示。[研究设计/方法]基于科学数据管理能力成熟度模型和健康科学数据生命周期理论,构建了健康科学数据管理框架,从健康科学数据的管理计划、采集与评价、组织与保存、共享与再利用四个方面分析了国外健康科学数据管理实践。[结论/发现]国外基金委、科研机构和图书馆将健康科学数据管理计划提交设为科研项目的必要环节,数据安全保护是国外健康科学数据管理的重要议题。基于国外成熟经验,本研究从加强基金委与科研机构层面的健康科学数据管理计划制定、完善健康科学数据采集与评价体系、依托地方/高校图书馆建设健康科学数据仓储、权衡健康科学数据共享利用与数据安全间关系四个方面对国内健康科学数据管理实践给予建议。[创新/价值]将科学数据管理能力成熟度模型引入健康信息学领域,弥补了图书情报领域对于健康科学数据管理理论和管理实践研究的不足。     

国外消费者健康信息学研究综述

[目的/意义]分析消费者健康信息学从诞生至今20多年的发展状况,并在文献评述基础上提出建议,为国内消费者健康信息学研究提供参考。[方法/过程]对近年来国外有关消费者健康信息学文献进行梳理,主要对来自Web of Science、Science Direct、Scopus、PubMed 4个数据库中相关主题的研究性论文、综述性论文及会议论文进行调研和分析。[结果/结论]虽然有关消费者健康信息学的研究成果硕果累累,但是目前对消费者健康信息学的定义尚未统一。未来对消费者健康信息学定义需要达成共识,同时数字健康鸿沟也是该领域研究的重点。     

Metropolis redux: the unique importance of library skills in informatics.

OBJECTIVES: The objective is to highlight the important role that librarians have in teaching within a successful medical informatics program. Librarians regularly utilize skills that, although not technology dependent, are essential to conducting computer-based research. The Metropolis analogy is used to introduce the part librarians play as informatics partners. Science fiction is a modern mythology that, beyond a technical exterior, has lasting value in its ability to reflect the human condition. The teaching of medical informatics, an intersection of technology and knowledge, is also most relevant when it transcends the operation of databases and systems. Librarians can teach students to understand, research, and utilize information beyond specific technologies. METHODS: A survey of twenty-six informatics programs was conducted during 2002, with specific emphasis on the role of the library service. RESULTS: The survey demonstrated that librarians currently do have a central role in informatics instruction, and that library-focused skills form a significant part of the curriculum in many of those programs. In addition, librarians have creative opportunities to enhance their involvement in informatics training. As a sample program in the study, the development of the informatics course at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences is included. CONCLUSIONS: Medical informatics training is a wonderful opportunity for librarians to collaborate with professionals from the sciences and other information disciplines. Librarians' unique combination of human research and technology skills provides a valuable contribution to any program.     

A comparative analysis of moral principles and behavioral norms in eight ethical codes relevant to health sciences librarianship,medical informatics,and the health professions

Objective:

Based on the authors'' shared interest in the interprofessional challenges surrounding health information management, this study explores the degree to which librarians, informatics professionals, and core health professionals in medicine, nursing, and public health share common ethical behavior norms grounded in moral principles.

Methods:

Using the “Principlism” framework from a widely cited textbook of biomedical ethics, the authors analyze the statements in the ethical codes for associations of librarians (Medical Library Association [MLA], American Library Association, and Special Libraries Association), informatics professionals (American Medical Informatics Association [AMIA] and American Health Information Management Association), and core health professionals (American Medical Association, American Nurses Association, and American Public Health Association). This analysis focuses on whether and how the statements in these eight codes specify core moral norms (Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-Maleficence, and Justice), core behavioral norms (Veracity, Privacy, Confidentiality, and Fidelity), and other norms that are empirically derived from the code statements.

Results:

These eight ethical codes share a large number of common behavioral norms based most frequently on the principle of Beneficence, then on Autonomy and Justice, but rarely on Non-Maleficence. The MLA and AMIA codes share the largest number of common behavioral norms, and these two associations also share many norms with the other six associations.

Implications:

The shared core of behavioral norms among these professions, all grounded in core moral principles, point to many opportunities for building effective interprofessional communication and collaboration regarding the development, management, and use of health information resources and technologies.     

Defining and assessing medical informatics competencies

As academic health sciences libraries assume larger roles in informatics instruction within medical school curricula, librarians are challenged to develop useful and accurate measures for assessing the effectiveness of instructional approaches. The need for this evaluation has intensified as medical schools increase their emphasis on integration of curriculum content and shift to competency-based education and assessment of medical students. This paper reports on a pilot project developed at Dahlgren Memorial Library, Georgetown University Medical Center, for two courses using an instructional intervention and tailored assignment for assessing student competencies.     

Education for health sciences/biomedical librarianship: past, present, future

This paper offers an analysis of and some predictions for the fields of library education and medical librarianship. The recent past of education for medical/health sciences librarianship is outlined, with emphasis on the changing nature of the library school, its faculty, and its students. The present situation is described, with specific reference to faculty, curriculum, and accreditation issues. A future agenda is proposed, identifying the need for interdisciplinary and cooperative efforts within the larger realms of medical informatics, high technology, a variety of health professions, and the community of contemporary library practice.     

OTseeker helps library and allied health professionals to find quality evidence efficiently

Background: Research is essential for evidence‐based practice yet many health professionals do not have enough time to find research. Studies relevant to occupational therapists can be particularly difficult to find. Most search engines are broad and return a large number of irrelevant articles. Occupational Therapy Systematic Evaluation of Evidence (OTseeker) is an occupational therapy database available at http://www.otseeker.com . Developed by Australian occupational therapists, the resource aims to increase access to research and support clinical decision making. This discipline‐specific database contains pre‐appraised information from a variety of sources and decreases the time required to locate best evidence. Objectives: The aims of this paper are to: (i) describe how health librarians can use OTseeker to help allied health students, researchers and practitioners, particularly in occupational therapy, to find quality evidence; (ii) provide a teaching resource for health librarians based around the OTseeker evidence database; and (iii) highlight new features contained on the OTseeker database. Methods: A case study is provided which focuses on searching for evidence on the effectiveness of upper limb rehabilitation after stroke using OTseeker. Conclusion: This paper may increase the knowledge, skills and competencies of health librarians, helping them to access evidence‐based databases, and educate other professionals.     

Determining where physical therapists get information to support clinical practice decisions

Objective

To determine the information sources utilised by physical therapists (PTs) to support clinical decisions.

Methods

Physical therapists in the United States were invited via professional listservs and electronic newsletters to participate in an online survey.

Results

Journal articles were the most frequently utilised source of information, followed by databases (PubMed was most frequent). The frequency of utilising evidence‐based resources was not significantly affected by the number of years of experience as a physical therapist (PT), working in a state that allows direct access to PT services or doctoral vs masters/bachelors degree.

Conclusions

Compared with a previous study (1994), there has been a transition in physical therapy information seeking, with greater reliance on evidence‐based information.     

Achieving change through mutual development: supported online learning and the evolving roles of health and information professionals

Introduction: Major changes in health care, within an information‐ and technology‐rich age, are impacting significantly on health professionals and upon their education and training. Health information professionals—in both the National Health Service (NHS) and higher education (HE) contexts—are consequently developing their roles, skills and partnerships to meet the needs of flexible education and training. This article explores one facet of this—supported online learning and its impact on role development. Methodology: A case study approach was taken, aiming to explore how academics, health information professionals and learning technologists are developing supported online learning to explicitly address the e‐literacy and information needs of health students within the context of NHS frameworks for education. This was contextualized by a literature review. Results: The case study explores and discusses three dynamics—(i) The use of supported online learning tools by future health‐care professionals throughout their professional training to ensure they have the appropriate e‐literacy skills; (ii) the use of supported online learning by current health professionals to enable them to adapt to the changing environment; (iii) the development of the health information professional, and particularly their role within multi‐disciplinary teams working with learning technologists and health professionals, to enable them to design and deliver supported online learning. Conclusions: The authors argue that, in this specific case study, health information professionals are key to the development of supported online learning. They are working successfully in collaboration and their roles are evolving to encompass learning and teaching activities in a wider context. There are consequently several lessons to be drawn in relation to professional education and role development.     

赋权消费者:电子健康研究的现状与趋势——第八届国际电子健康会议(eHealth 2016)综述

[目的/意义]电子健康会议（eHealth）在国际健康信息学领域有着重要的影响,通过对本次会议相关研讨主题的总结,以期为国内健康信息学的研究带来启示。[方法/过程]在葡萄牙丰沙尔举行的eHealth 2016会议,共收录研究长论文（full paper）20篇,此外,还收录了部分短论文、思考论文和海报等。通过综述这些论文的主要研究内容、研究方法和结果,展示欧洲主导的健康信息学研究的现状、新兴领域和发展趋势。[结果/结论]第八届国际电子健康会议作为健康信息学领域重要的学术会议,所涉及的主题涵盖了当前健康信息学理论研究与应用实践的最新成果,能够代表国际上此方面学术研究和技术发展的前沿。随着电子健康（eHealth）和移动健康（mHealth）的发展,"赋权消费者"已成为此领域研究的趋势。     

Online health information search and evaluation: observations and semi-structured interviews with college students and maternal health experts

Background: While the Internet is a popular source of health information, health seekers’ inadequate skills to locate and discern quality information pose a potential threat to their healthcare decision‐making. Objectives: We aimed to examine health information search and appraisal behaviours among young, heavy users of the Internet. Methods: In study 1, we observed and interviewed 11 college students about their search strategies and evaluation of websites. In study 2, three health experts evaluated two websites selected as the best information sources in study 1. Results: Familiarity with health websites and confidence in search strategies were major factors affecting search and evaluation behaviours. Website quality was mostly judged by aesthetics and peripheral cues of source credibility and message credibility. In contrast to users’ favourable website evaluation, the experts judged the websites to be inappropriate and untrustworthy. Conclusion: Our results highlight a critical need to provide young health seekers with resources and training that are specifically geared toward health information search and appraisal. The role of health seekers’ knowledge and involvement with the health issue in search effort and success warrants future research.     

A survey of the information management and technology training needs of doctors in an acute NHS trust in the United Kingdom

BACKGROUND: Doctors need information skills to deliver health care in the 21st century. There is concern that those who trained before the 'information age' will be inadequately equipped for their work. OBJECTIVES: To assess doctors' use of computers for clinical tasks, and their knowledge and skills in health information management and technology. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey. SETTING: An acute NHS trust in the UK. PARTICIPANTS: 96 (83%) of all doctors in the trust responded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of respondents reporting the following: use of computer-based systems for clinical tasks, knowledge in eight health informatics topics, skills in using specific hardware and software applications. Also comparison of reported skills between senior and junior staff; proportion of doctors identifying specific training needs. RESULTS: All but one (1%) of the responding doctors used a computer regularly. Over three quarters of respondents reported they were semi-skilled or fully skilled in basic office applications, though the juniors scored significantly more highly than the seniors for some applications. However, 44% of doctors reported no skills in database software, identifying this as a training need. Around half of the doctors were unaware of health informatics topics, including electronic patient records, the Caldicott report and data protection law. In each case the senior doctors were significantly more aware than the juniors of the topic in question. CONCLUSION: Both junior and senior doctors have basic computer literacy, but nearly half of this population identify the use of database software as a training need. In addition, there are several health informatics topics of which a large proportion of doctors, particularly the juniors, have little knowledge, but which have not been identified as training needs. Some recommendations are made for provision of in-house health informatics education for doctors.     

竞赛式教学和研究性教学相结合的文检课模式探讨

文检课知识内容按认知心理学可分为陈述性知识、程序性知识和策略性知识三大模块,三大模块的教学存在着一些突出的问题。如陈述性知识模块教学以接受式教学为主,学生被动、枯燥、缺乏兴趣;策略性模块教学容易被忽略,学生缺乏研究性学习的能力及检索策略的训练,无法培养信息素养;而竞赛式教学和研究性教学能够提供解决以上问题的方法。文章在教学实践基础上着力研究了竞赛式教学和研究性教学的特点及其在文检课几个模块中的应用,力图解决目前文检课的一些不足争缺陷,为文检课的改革发展提供有益的思路。参考文献6。