The competitive environment of academic productivity and the academic research enterprise in the case of Japan

This article deals with the various problems related to the given title from four sections. Section “Social function of the academic research enterprise (ARE)” focuses on three problems: Framework of the research on the ARE; Functions of the graduate school in the ARE; and Centers of learning and Japanese ARE. Section “Structure of ARE” discusses two problems: Structure of social stratification and the structure of ARE in the policy framework for the current ARE. Section “Social condition of ARE” argues over three problems: Social condition of the ARE; The effects of change of national policy on the ARE; and National government policy for the ARE in the postwar period. Section “The impacts of the national government policies on ARE” treats three problems: Trend of the recent national government policy on the ARE; Some unintended effects of the policies; and Discussion of proposals for reform. These discussions lead to concluding remarks.     

校企协同下高等教育自学考试人才培养模式的创新与实现策略

本文根据全国考办"自学考试综合改革试点工作研讨会"和江苏省教育考试院高等教育自学考试综合改革试点实施方案精神,以南京航空航天大学继续教育学院为例,从校企协同为社会企业培养技能型应用人才角度出发,创新高等教育自学考试人才培养模式,探索校企合作发展高等教育自学考试新机制,形成了一套较为完善的教育教学管理体系,走出了独特的以校企协同为办学特色的高等教育自学考试发展之路。     

试论小学学校教育与家庭教育的结合

教育是一项包括家庭教育、学校教育、社会教育及教育者的自我教育的系统工程。教育学生，学校固然负有重要的责任，而家庭教育也是不可缺少的。客观地讲，学校教育和家庭教育各有优势，也各有局限性，特别是小学生，跟父母在一起的时间较多，如果家庭教育与学校教育配合不好，就会影响学校教育的质量和效果，从而影响孩子的健康成长。要使教育达到预期目的，教育工作者必须高度重视和认真研究学校教育与家庭教育的结合问题。     

The faculty perspective on holistic and systems thinking in American and Australian mechanical engineering programmes

This research effort examined current mechanical engineering educational programmes in America and Australia to determine the degree of holistic, systems thinking of each programme. Faculty from ten American universities and ten Australian universities participated in online surveys and interviews. Resulting data analysis and interpretation suggest that holistic, systems thinking is present in both American and Australian engineering educational programmes, although it is more prevalent in Australian programmes. Specific examples of educational opportunities (courses, projects, extracurricular activities, research experiences) that integrate complex systems study are described in the full paper. This study is currently limited a small sample size within two countries, but it would be very useful to expand the study to a larger population and to include European sites to gain a fuller picture of the state of holistic, systems thinking in higher education.     

Higher education marketisation and its discontents: the case of quality in Kenya

This study addresses the implications of higher education marketisation for quality in Kenya. It focuses on full fee-paying programmes, the de facto market source of revenue for Kenya’s public universities. The study argues that Kenya’s public universities were precipitately subjected to diminished public capitation, and so was their plunging into marketisation. These institutions started enrolling full fee-paying students at a time when they were strained in terms of institutional capacity. There were not enough physical facilities, and most of those available were suffering decay following many years of neglect. They did not have enough teaching staff, a problem, which the marketisation agenda has made worse. The desire to claim a bigger share in the student market has seen the introduction of many new courses in advance of capacity to offer them. The study concludes that by seeking economic self-determination through full fee-paying programmes, in advance of a well-developed institutional capacity, the subsequent pressure seems to have made the quality situation worse.     

高职教育与远程开放教育互动机制初探

高职教育与远程开放教育的特点与共性决定了远程开放教育与高职教育互动机制建立的必要性。高职教育和现代远程开放教育的发展已经具有互动结合的良好基础。只要在办学理念整合,建立教学资源共享体系,补充开发适用高职学生的电大在线网络平台,创立学分银行等方面实施系统化管理,做到高职教育与远程开放教育优势互补,形成一套新的独特的互动管理机制,这在全国的高职教育系统,都将是一个创新,是一个亮点。     

研究性学习在职业教育美术教学中的应用

在美术学习过程中运用研究性学习方式是一种尊重学生个性发展的学习方式,这种方式强调学习过程中的自主、合作、探究。教学的目标不在于必须得出一定的结果,而在于其研究、探讨的过程。     

学位与研究生教育服务质量研究

学位与研究生教育的重要性及社会发展的趋势使研究生教育服务质量研究成为教育质量领域的重大研究课题,在对其相关研究进行综述和对学位与研究生教育服务的产品、顾客等特征进行全面分析后界定了研究生教育服务质量的概念,并在此基础上设计了学位与研究生教育服务质量测评模型,最后提出了改进学位与研究生教育服务质量管理的对策。     

Student characteristics and academic performance in higher education: A review

This is a review of the recent literature on student characteristics and their predictive potential for academic achievement. Results are not optimistic, often contradictory, and on the whole account for little variance beyond that accounted for by tests of intellectual ability. Researchers often use different performance criteria and so results are not comparable. However, there has been much complex, diverse, and unique work done on personality and motivational factors but no clear trends have emerged. Other factors investigated have been home and class background, study habits, previous withdrawal, and expectations. The review concludes by demonstrating the usefulness of the cluster analysis approach which indicates groups of students with similar patterns of characteristic criteria.     

Perceptions of academic quality and approaches to studying among technology students in distance education

Primary objective. To examine perceptions of academic quality and approaches to studying in students taking six technology courses by distance education.

Research design. Students taking four courses received an end-of-course questionnaire. The following year, students taking all six courses received a mid-course questionnaire.

Method. The Course Experience Questionnaire and the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory were administered in a postal survey to 3539 students of the UK Open University.

Outcomes and results. Across successive levels of study, students were progressively less likely to adopt a deep approach, were more likely to adopt a surface approach and rated their courses less favourably, especially with regard to the workload and materials. Between the middle and end of a course, students were more likely to adopt a deep approach and gave more positive ratings with regard to the materials and amount of choice.

Conclusions. The survey instruments can be recommended as useful tools for monitoring the experiences of engineering and technology students.     

导师在研究生思想政治教育中的作用探究

近年来,随着我国高等教育改革与发展的进一步深入,研究生招生数量的急剧增加和研究生自身存在的理论水平和政治修养欠缺、自我期望值过高、团队合作意识较弱、个体差异较大、发展不平衡等问题的出现,使得研究生的思想政治教育显得尤为重要,直接关系到我国科学技术水平的提高和经济的可持续发展,关系到民族的伟大复兴。而要切实有效地加强研究生的思想政治工作,提高研究生的德育工作质量,除了进一步提高研究生思想政治教育工作者的素质和能力外,要特别强调发挥导师在研究生思想政治教育工作中不可替代的作用。     

台湾龙华科技大学师资队伍建设及其启示

台湾龙华科技大学的师资队伍建设具有对聘任新教师实行三级审查,实行科学合理、全方位的考核制度,鼓励教师积极投入科研、产学合作与国际竞赛,合理安排教学任务,注重企业兼职教师引进与管理,以人为本进行师资培养,鼓励教师兼任行政工作等特点。龙华科技大学在师资管理与培养方面的经验和做法值得大陆高职院校学习与借鉴。     

美国大学中的行政权力及其对教师学术自由的影响

大学教师的学术自由在当今社会受到越来越多的制约,除了外部社会对大学教师的学术工作提出各种要求外,大学内部的行政权力也对教师的学术自由限制得越来越多。本研究主要通过美国大学的情况,分析大学行政权力影响教师学术自由的历史、表现以及原因,目的是要从保护学术自由的角度出发,让人们更深刻地认识到当今大学行政权力在学术活动中所扮演的角色和地位,从而进一步改进大学管理及其制度,以利于大学中学术的发展。     

探究式学习在“数字电子技术”教学中的应用

“数字电子技术”课程是计算机类、通信类、电子信息类等专业的公共技术基础必修课。教师根据探究式学习的特点,提出了精心导入,激发学生自主学习的欲望;故意示错,引导探究科学结论;放手实践,培养学生自主探究的能力、合作学习的能力等。探究式学习在教学实践中取得了较好的教学效果。     

高等职业教育校企合作办学模式研究

目前高等职业教育校企合作尚处于浅层次水平。其制约因素包括政策因素、体制因素和观念因素。要促进校企合作向纵深发展,应考虑校企合作的纵深发展及校企双方承担的责任与义务,同时还要建立起合作办学的激励、调控、保障和评价机制。     

当代日本中、小学道德教育实践研究的特色

20世纪80年代以来,日本的中、小学道德教育实践研究呈现出良好的发展态势。当代日本中、小学道德教育实践研究的特色主要是“注重运用道德教学理论的新成果”、“注重根据道德教育改革的精神进行实践研究”和“注重探索道德教育的各种途径”等三个方面。     

关于提高军校人文社会科学研究生培养质量的几点思考

本文结合人文社会科学研究生培养的特点,指出军校人文社会科学研究生的培养应紧贴党的创新理论前沿,紧贴学科学术前沿,紧贴自然科学前沿;应围绕部队需求,加强质量监控机制、创新教育机制、立体育人机制建设,不断提高研究生的培养质量。     

集团化背景下校企合作中职业院校应该具备的能力——以北京电子科技职业学院为例

介绍了职业教育集团的背景、作用、存在的问题以及在现阶段职业院校在校企合作中应该发挥的作用。     

PLC视域下的中外教师发展对比研究

西方发达国家对PLC的研究证明了其对于教师的知识认知、教学合作以及教师创新精神与反思能力的提升。我国在这一领域的探讨尚处于初级阶段。PLC视域下西方发达国家教师发展对我国的启示主要在于：以PLC为核心确立学校的共同愿景;打破传统的行政管理体制,增强教师专业自主权;加强自然合作型教师队伍建设。