The Interference of First Language in Second Language Learning

Second Language Acquisition mainly contributes to the process of second language learning to provide a scientific explanation for language learners’language ability and communicative ability.This paper focuses on the learners whose first language is Chinese and learn English as a second language,and analyzes the interference brought by first language from the perspective of the lexicon,grammar,and cultural differences to analyze the factors causing a negative impact on second language learning.     

Teaching about Different Lifestyles in Second Language Learning

Cultural learning is an indispensible part in both first and second language learning.One cannot learn a language without learning the culture where it operates.This literature review aims to clarify the relationship between language and culture and arouse language teachers’ consciousness of the benefits of integrating cultural teaching into language learning in second language classrooms by addressing the question:What are the benefits of combining language teaching and cultural teaching? Consequently it explains the nature of different lifestyles in different cultures and the process of second language learning.Also,it explores the significance of cultural awareness in second language learning and teaching and the strategies to incorporate lifestyles into second language teaching.The findings of this literature review strongly suggest the importance for second language teachers to incorporate culture into classroom teaching.Learning a second language cannot be separated from learning the target culture which facilitates successful language learning and reduces prejudice,misunderstanding and stereotyped notions towards the target language group.     

The Optimal Immersion Time to Second Language Community

When to immerge students in the target language community is a hot issue debated by many researchers through the whole linguistic and second language research history.While as far as my hypothesis concerned,I argue that it’s a better way for second language learners to learn some basic language skills before getting involved in that language community,including the target culture,fundamental second language skills,and first language abilities.Meanwhile,I demonstrate my argument from four aspects:age factors,first language factors,cultural factors and motivational factors.And I argue that English learners receive late immersion perform as well as or better than children in early immersion programs,since there is a direct relationship between native language and second language learning.As long as second language learners are literate in their first language,then their abilities in first language can facilitate the second language learning and can discipline themselves in the process of how to learn a second language.Meanwhile,transmitting cultural knowledge plays an important role in second language learning,and the most suitable approach is to do preparing transmission before students entering the real cultural community,i.e.the preparing work should be done before students getting involved in the language community;otherwise they may catch the cultural shock and are reluctant to explore the target culture.This paper aims at finding a most comfortable and preferable environment for learners to learn a second language and providing parents who are planning to send their children abroad some feasible advice.     

On teaching strategies in second language acquisition

How to acquire a second language is a question of obvious importance to teachers and language learners, and how to teach a second language has also become a matter of concern to the linguists＇ interest in the nature of primary linguistic data. Starting with the development stages of second language acquisition and Stephen Krashen＇s theory, this paper puts forward teaching strategies： analyzing learner characteristics, signing classroom contracts, creating learner-centered classroom, setting language goals, integrating theory with practice and building learner motivation.     

CERTAIN NATIVE LANGUAGE INTERFERENCES IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Here we refer the native language to Chinese and the second language to English especially college English. According to linguistic study, there are certain native language interferences in secondlanguage acquisition when one is learning the second language,i. e. when a Chinese is learningEnglish, due to the influence of mother tongue which is habitually applied in learning the second language, his pronounciation, his grammar and his vocabulary are quite likely influencedor interfered by his native language or his dialect. Unfortunately, we did find certain first language interferences in our English teaching and learning processes on various items or subjects.     

Based on the Features of E-Approach and I-Approach Discuss and Analyze the SLA

Externalized approach and Internalized approach are two approaches to the study of languages. Understanding the features of two approaches is indispensable to discuss and analyze the acquisition of second language. And universal grammar which is closely related to the two approaches plays an important role in the acquisition of second language. Three accesses to universal grammar in L2 learning are explicitly described to state the second language is acquired.     

On the Use of Chinese in Teaching English

Educators always have two differing arguments over the functions of native language in the foreign language teaching. Many educational practitioners oppose the idea of using native language in second language teaching process due to the grammar translation approach still popular. The grammar translation approach underscore that native language and functional grammar should not be applied to the foreign language teaching. By utilizing different types of second language teaching theories, the author put great emphasis on the function of the native language in the second language teaching particularly on the function to the basic and intermediate level learners. The author contend that: we should exert the necessary function of the native language in foreign language teaching especially for the adult people. Native language should act as a catalyst in this process. Foreign language teachers should not refuse using native language. They should make the best use of native language in the TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) process and thus help student to form English thoughts. Nowadays, facing so many foreign language teaching methods and theories, we should seek the essence and get rid of the dross. As the famous English saying goes: keep the baby and throw out the bath. This article aims at arousing deeper and wider discussion among foreign language practitioners on this problem by making some positive and valuable functions of native language in second language teaching.     

Can adults gain a native-like accent

There is a hot debate in linguistics and second language acquisition over the extent to which the ability to acquire a second language is naturally connected with age.This article explores whether one's age at which he begins to learn a second language is a contributing factor in his accent.With contrastive analysis,the article comes to the conclusion that it is rare for late learners to have a native-like accent.     

Analysis and Pedagogical Implications of Interlanguage Fossilization

In foreign language teaching,it has always been found that there are many language learners whose second language(L2)level remains stagnant or even becomes worse no matter how hard they try.However,this may not relate to their attention given to language but to interlanguage fossilization,which results from various causes,is ubiquitous in second language acquisition(SLA)and foreign language learning.This paper,based on the empirical evidence of language learning and acquisition,probes into the nature and characteristics of interlanguage,analyzes the main causes of fossilization,and discusses pedagogical implications for avoiding fossilization in English language learning.     

The Role the First Language Plays in the Second Language Acquisition

Language acquisition is genetically determined capacity that all humans are born with.It is important to recognize that any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.Whether first language acquisition is an obstacle or a helper towards second language learning is what has puzzled thousands of learners for long.Only when we have a research into the differences and similarities between them can we apply some of the knacks for first language acquisition to second language learning,thus helping the learners and teachers to work more efficiently.     

Why Children Learn L1 Effortlessly and Adults Learn L2 Painstakingly

It is wildly accepted that children learn their first language (L1) effortlessly and with great success, while adults, who have already owned a first language, learns a second language (L2) painstakingly and unsuccessfully. This paper explores reasons causing difficulties to adults learning a second language.     

The Role of Input,Interaction and Output in Second Language Learning

This article mainly talks about the role of input,interaction,and output in the second language acquisition.Input is believed as a trigger for learners’language learning.And the process from input to output is interaction.Through interaction,language learners can negotiate the meaning with the interlocutor and narrow down the gap between the target language and their own.All the hard work made in interaction is to produce output,which includes three functions:noticing function,hypothesistesting function,and metalinguistic function.Some teaching examples are shown to testify the hypothesis and its function in the process of second language acquisition.     

Negative Transfer in Second Language Acquisition

Negative transfer is the basic term we need to master in second language acquisition.This paper tries to analyze negative transfer of Chinese from the aspects of lexis,syntax and pragmatics.Besides,it provides suggestions on how to minimize negative transfer in second language teaching.     

Application of the Second Language Acquisition Theory into China’s English Classes

Krashen’s second language acquisition theory makes great contribution to second and foreign language teaching field and has caused world-wide attention. This paper will give a systematic analysis to it. Besides, China’s English teaching develops slowly. This paper makes a reference to Krashen’s theory and maintains that acquisition and learning should be combined and negative affective factors should be removed. Then some effective English teaching methods are explored on the basis of the reality.     

A Brief Introduction To IATEFL

1. Name The Association is called the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language (IATEFL). 2. Objects The aim of the Association shall be the advancement of education for the benefit of the public in the English language as a foreign or second language and the improvement of standards of teaching of English as a foreign or second language. In furtherance of this object, hut not otherwise, to organise and sponsor conferences, lectures, discussions and study groups, and to     

On Variability and Systematicity of Interlanguage

Wildly studied by scholars in foreign language teaching field,the variability and systemacity of interlanguage are controversial.This paper analyzes and discusses the variability and systemacity of interlanguage respectively,and strives to find the relationship between them in order to promote the development of second language acquisition.     

Informal and formal approaches to communicative language teaching

The main purpose of this article is to give some clarity to the use of the term "communicative" in describing approaches to foreign or second language teaching. It is suggested that a distinction be drawn between "informal" communicative approaches which promote second language "acquisition", and "formal" communicative approaches which promote "learning". This distinction between "acquisition" and "learning", which is taken from the work of Stephen Krashen, is carefully explained and the conditions for achieving both in the classroom considered. In addition it is suggested that there is a need actively to teach pupils how to make use of conscious "learnt" knowledge in order to "monitor" their performance in a second language appropriately.     

Reading and education for students of immigrant origin in some Swedish municipalities

Researchers from Mid Sweden University and Kalmar University organised surveys on reading skills in Swedish municipalities. This paper will focus on the surveys made in four municipalities between 2002 and 2007. All students in grade 8 in these four municipalities participated in the surveys--in total 16,287 students. These surveys included a reading test for the students and information about the students collected from the teachers, including participation in instruction in Swedish as a second language and in their mother tongues. Students of immigrant origin in Sweden are offered the possibility to participate in instruction in Swedish as a second language and in instruction in the student＇s mother tongue. No obvious trends over time in the participation in Swedish as a second language and mother tongue instruction were found in the four municipalities on the tests we gave, in spite of national trends. There was no difference in results on the reading tests in Swedish between those students who participated in mother tongue instruction and those who did not, but there was a difference in test results between those who participated in Swedish as a second language and those who did not. Those who did not participate （in Swedish as a second language instruction） did, on average, score higher on the test. When different language groups are compared, it can be noted that a majority in all groups of immigrant students neither participate in Swedish as a second language nor in mother tongue instruction. However, there are important differences between boys and girls and between language groups. Girls seemed to be more willing than boys to participate in voluntary mother tongue instruction, while boys more often than girls had to participate in compulsory lessons in Swedish as a second language.     

Challenges for Graduate Writers

The ability to write effectively is becoming increasingly important, and instruction in writing is thus assuming an increasingly role in second language education, particularly the relationship between composition studies and second language studies has come to attract significant attention. The purpose of this paper is to discuss issues on academic writing confronted by student writers at graduate level. The conclusion of this paper will present some possible solutions to these problems.     

第二语言读写实践的个案研究(英文)

To a second language learner, the most common everyday usage of literacy is his reading and writing abilities.This case study is to investigate the literacy practices of a second language learner in real life,which includes problems he has in his literacy practices,both in and out of class.Finallly, some advices ate given to the learner.