时代呼唤英才教育

江泽民总书记曾应邀在哈佛大学演讲,他向世人宣告:我们的目标是"实现中华民族的伟大复兴,争取对人类做出新的更大的贡献".1998年6月,他又在两院院士大会上再次强调"科教兴国要靠年轻英才不断涌现".要加快知识创新和知识产业化,关键在人才,必须有一批批优秀的年轻人脱颖而出.人才是民族复兴的主角.     

天才与专才:英才教育基本概念辨析

英才教育研究中,对超常儿童的理解和界定,不仅涉及最基本的理论问题,也直接影响到超常儿童甄别选拔、教育安置、培养目标、教学方案等一系列实践环节.加涅等西方学者强调\"天才\"与\"专才\"的区别,表明了英才教育理论的一种发展趋势.本文梳理分析了有关\"天才\"与\"专才\"理念的内涵和演变趋势,以为英才教育的实施提供理论参考.     

反思超常教育:从天才与疯癫谈起

天才无疑是有突出的聪明才智和卓越的创造力及想象力的人,然而他们也有\"疯癫\"、\"怪癖\"、甚至\"躁狂抑郁症\"等问题。文章结合相关研究、具体案例对此进行了分析,并根据当代欧美国家长期实施超常教育的经验,认为超常儿童具有特殊的行为习惯和个性特点,超常教育既不能指责和打压这些特殊个性,也不能强迫他们成为全面发展的\"完美少年\",而应该给予更多的宽容、关怀和引导。对此,文章建议建立完善的超常儿童鉴别体系;政府应积极鼓励、大力支持超常教育,为超常教育提供法律保障;构建开放、多样的教育生态,重视超常教育课程的开发与师资的培养。     

中小学资优教育模式初探

资优儿童（天才儿童）是指资赋优异与有特殊才能的儿,童。本文介绍了天才儿童的主流鉴定方法和当前欧美资优教育的现状。本文还着重阐述了香港特别行政区的资优教育政策,并对大陆的资优教育提出了一些建议,同时提供了可供资优生和普通生共同学习的课程设计以便教师参考。     

国外资优教育的发展及启示

资赋优异教育又称为“超常教育”“英才教育”“优才教育”。近年来,传统的单一类型资赋优异观念已逐渐为多元才能的理念所取代。所谓资赋优异,不但指智力优异,还包括学术性向、创造力、实用能力、整合能力、人事智能、领导才能、艺术才能及其他特殊才能的卓越。资优教育是一种适性教育,强调尊重学生的个性,其课程与教学必须多元而弹性;同时,必须重视学校与社区的环境因素,从生态心理学的角度发展资优教育。为使资优儿童和青少年有机会充分发展其潜能,未来应从基本观念、方案规划、教师增能、亲职效能、研究发展方面寻求改进或突破。     

超常教育不能把普通孩子培养成天才——主持人语

19世纪中叶,英国学者高尔顿最先开始对“天才”人物的研究,揭开了研究杰出人才、超常儿童的序幕。高尔顿对近千名著名的科学家（包括哲学家）、文学家和艺术家的家谱、个人成长史等资料进行了历史回顾和统计分析,结果发现杰出人才多出自于有杰出长辈的家族。因此,他提出了天才是由遗传决定的观点,并于1869年出版《天才的遗传》一书。高尔顿的研究和观点引起当时社会的广泛关注和争论,也激发了以后关于“天才”（或超常）儿童的科学研究。     

超常儿童教育不该是无解的难题——基于国外政策及实践的思考:

超常儿童教育在美国、英国、印度、新加坡、韩国等国受到重视,他们在超常儿童教育方面的政策、经验、做法值得我们借鉴。     

国外英才教育考察报告：引领美国天才教育的发展潮流——美国天才儿童协会推动天才教育理论与实践发展的报告

2008年4月,我们根据开展“北京市青少年科技创新教育”工作的需要,受北京市教委委托,前往美国进行了专项考察。     

超常儿童教育：不该是无解的难题——基于国外政策及实践的思考

超常儿童教育在美国、英国、印度、新加坡、韩国等国受到重视,他们在超常儿童教育方面的政策、经验、做法值得我们借鉴。     

超常教育:为天才儿童提供适合的教育形式和机会——访施建农

施建农:中国科学院心理研究所研究员、博士生导师,超常儿童研究中心主任,丹麦奥尔堡大学教育与哲学系客座教授,曾两次担任世界天才儿童研究会亚太地区联合会主席,现任国     

现代美国天才教育发展的保障与困惑

美国的天才教育一直走在世界的前列。文章以二十一世纪为背景,介绍了美国天才教育发展的现状,包括各方力量是如何在政策、服务、研究、学习这四方面给予支持,来保障其发展的连贯性和稳定性。同时,本文也提及美国在天才教育领域发展中存在的问题．希望对我国的天才教育改革同时起到启发和提示作用。     

美国英才教育研究评析——以美国国家英才研究中心为例

美国国家英才研究中心（NRC）是美国目前最大、最有影响力的英才教育研究机构。本文通过美国国家英才研究中心及其近年最具代表性研究成果的介绍与考察，旨在使读者对美国目前英才教育及研究现状有一个总体的了解，并为我国的教育工作者提供参考与借鉴。     

美国英才教育中的选拔机制:能力要求与方法选择

英才的选拔是英才教育的起点和重点,美国在英才教育选拔方面积累了宝贵的经验。在能力要求上,联邦政策聚焦于智力水平、创新能力、艺术领域、领导能力以及特定学科领域。在此基础上,州政府对英才的能力要求已形成较大共识,但具体关注仍存在差异;在方法选择上,州政府开发并综合运用推选、标准化测验和其他非正式方法。美国的经验对我国英才教育选拔机制的形成与完善具有很强的借鉴意义。     

Counselling the Gifted and Talented in France: Minimizing Gift and Maximizing Talent

After a presentation of the French school system, we describe how the three principal practices—acceleration, enrichment, and special classes—for the education of the gifted are functioning in France. Then, we deal with the counselling of the gifted through 1) the presentation of the professional involved in these tasks, 2) the role played by the parent associations of gifted children, and 3) the identification practices. For the talented, there are many practices, from primary education onwards, which allow schooling to be reconciled with sports studies or artistic tuition. The concept of “dual project” is introduced: the need for sportsmen/women to elaborate their career plan at the same time as their sporting project. The conclusion stresses that in France, measures for the gifted are not clearly laid out; whereas, provisions benefiting from clear and explicit information have been made for the talented and are encouraged by various institutions.     

超常儿童健康成长的主客观条件

通过整理和总结 2 0年来对 14 0余名超常儿童进行的追踪研究 ,概括出了超常儿童成长过程的五种不同的类型 ;分析了造成不同类型的原因 ;讨论了超常儿童健康成长的主客观条件 ,以及两者的相互作用 ;并提出了对教育的建议。     

教育公平：资优教育的内在之义--以美国资优教育的发展为例

资优教育往往被认为是追求卓越的典范,但恰恰因为追求卓越忽视教育公平而广受诟病。公平与卓越表面看来是资优教育发展的一对矛盾,事实上,资优教育在追求卓越的同时兼顾着公平。美国资优教育的发展很好地表明,除了追求卓越之外,教育公平也是资优教育的内在之义。     

Education and Counseling of the Gifted and Talented in Germany

One of the principle reasons responsible for the fact that nurturing the gifted and talented in Germany has (once again) advanced to a pedagogic concern in the 1990’s lies in the dichotomy of equality and excellence. Are these two pedagogic goals actually incompatible, as often maintained in open discussions? After a long period of oscillation between these two poles, in the age of information a new emphasis has increasingly been placed on excellence. “It becomes more and more important for bright students to be using their abilities to stimulate this new era with economic and political productivity. But this will not happen if the current ‘laissez faire’ approach to gifted students continues into the next decade”(Gallagher, 2000, p. 691). Following a short definition of giftedness and related conceptions, arguments for gifted education stemming from the areas of learning psychology and instructional psychology will be discussed. The central problems concerning identification and programming will then be addressed in greater detail. Hypotheses will be developed, on the basis of the ATI model that gifted students need creative, stimulating learning environments. Various approaches will be presented here and discussed in the context of TIMSS and PISA. The second part of the article will deal with guidance and counseling issues with respect to the special needs of gifted children and adolescents and their social contact persons (peers, parents, teachers). In conclusion, German program evaluation, studies in the fields of gifted education, counseling and nurturing giftedness and talent will be presented. The outcomes of these studies and their consequences for improvements for the quality of gifted and talented education and counseling in Germany will be discussed. Excellence is one of the most important educational-psychological challenges of the new century.     

Gifted Education and Counselling in Canada

Education in Canada is determined at the provincial level of jurisdiction. Each province and territory has a unique system of legislation and policy, although most provinces view the education of gifted students as a category of service provision under special education. The first section of this paper provides a brief, general overview of key themes that emerge from an analysis of the relevant Education Ministry documents and literature concerning gifted education and counselling within the Canadian context. Where appropriate, the particular province(s) and/or territory(s) associated with the themes is noted. The second section highlights the work of Canadian scholars most relevant to counsellors working with gifted students. A brief review of recommended counselling needs, goals, and practices for the gifted is presented in the conclusion.     

Guidance and Counselling of the Gifted and Talented in New Zealand

This paper examines the state of guidance and counselling in New Zealand specific to the needs of gifted and talented young people. It considers the policy and practices in education in this domain and guidance and counselling services in this context. Drawing on key literature in this field, it identifies the major issues and needs of the gifted and talented that counsellors should be aware of and be able to address. Finally, it looks at future developments in this increasingly important area of interest.     

台湾资优教育探析

台湾资优教育始于1962年,到现在已有五十余年的发展历史。了解台湾地区资优教育的发展概况,探讨台湾资优学生鉴别的相关规定和程序,分析其多元化的实施模式,讨论资优教育的原因和存在的问题,以期对我们的拔尖创新人才培养有所启发。