减负目的在“增效”

新年伊始，教育部下发了《关于在小学减轻学生过重负担的紧急通知》，揭开了新千年学生减负工作的序幕。随后，江泽民主席《关于教育问题的谈话》的发表，以及“两会”教育问题的讨论，使中小学生减负问题成为当前社会各界普遍关注的一个热门话题。对此，各中小学反应不一。一些学校采取了措施，如压缩了学生的在校时间，取消了学生的课外作业，一些学校正处于观望之中，也有一些学校仍然沿袭着原有的教育模式。另外，一些已实施减负的学校也遇到了新问题，不少学生在课外时间进了游戏厅，从而引起了许多学生家长的不满和担忧。因此，如何正…     

优化资源配置促进教育发展--桂林市普通中小学教育资源配置发展状况浅析

通过大量翔实的数据资料，客观分析了近年来桂林市普通中小学教育资源，尤其是财力、物力和人力资源等方面的配置状况，指出桂林市普通中小学教育资源配置的一些缺陷与不足，并相应提出了一些科学、有效、具体可行的建议和意见。     

关于加强中小学图书馆建设的几点看法

在基础教育从应试教育向素质教育转轨同时，中小学图书馆建设日趋重要。本文对这个问题提出了一些粗浅的看法，以其中中小学图书馆日趋完善，为我国的基础教育的发挥更大力量。     

学校心理健康教育存在的问题及改进措施

一、学校心理健康教育的现状 经过多年的发展，中小学的心理健康教育取得了一些成绩，如各级领导和教师大都能够认识到心理健康教育是一项思想性、科学性、技术性和经常性的教育工作，对学生健康成长具有重要的作用；许多学校开设了心理健康教育课程，设立了各种形式的学生心理辅导中心，一些学校还定期开展学生心理健康普查的工作。但在实践中，我们发现中小学心理健康教育仍然存在着一些问题：     

正视问题 改变现状——农村中小学音乐教育实情解析

音乐教育作为中小学进行素质教育的重要内容，在我国的城镇地区得到了重视，并取得了良好的效果。但在一些农村地区的中小学，还比较普遍地存在着极不重视音乐教育的现象，这严重影响着农村地区中小学生综合素质的全面提高，制约着农村地区精神文明建设的进程。     

浅谈推进中小学教育信息化过程中的误区及矫正对策

人类进入了信息时代，信息资源已经成为与物资资源同等重要的资源。计算机和网络日益改变着人们的生产、生活和学习方式，教育信息工程亦被广大中小学校重视。许多学校相继以组建多媒体网络教室或校园网络为基础，以网络教学为主流，进行了一些教育教学实验与改革，推进了中小学教育信息化进程。但是，教育信息化工程毕竟是一种新兴事物，在发展的过程中会出现一些值得探讨的问题。     

新课程标准下阅读教学改革的两大误区

《语课程标准》的颁布实施，给语教学改革注入了新的活力，带进了一个新的时期。但笔从所关注的阅读教学改革实践中发现，我们对新课程标准的认识还存在着一定模糊性，以致阅读教学改革不可避免地出现了一些误区。     

浅谈校园周边环境对学校教育的影响

在城乡社区建设不断发展完善，民主、明的社会氛围逐步形成的同时，学校作为社会的一个重要组成部分，与社会、社区、家庭的联系越来越密切，学校不再是封闭的“象牙塔”。随着我国对外开放的进一步扩大，为广大学生了解世界，增长知识、开阔视野提供了更加有利的条件；开放的同时也涌进一些对青少年成长具有不良的讯息和一些青少年不宜的商品，尤其是校园周边一些非法经营的“地下网吧”、     

浅议学校教育考试改革

由应试教育向素质教育转轨是一项教育改革的系统工程，诸多改革措施当中，考试改革是重要的一个环节。本文通过分析当前考试当中存在的问题，提出了考试改革的一些意见。     

浅析中小学体育教学改革中存在的问题与对策

体育教学改革的深入有赖于思想观念的更新。我国体育教学改革过程中仍然存在一些问题，如：教学目标、内容、方法、评价等方面，对此，提出了相应的解决对策。     

教育管理学的研究对象及其分类

教育管理学的研究对象是教育管理问题或成为问题的教育管理现象。根据教育管理问题的性质,可从不同的角度把教育管理研究的问题分为事实问题与价值问题、经验问题与概念问题、常规问题与革命问题。所有这些问题必须是真问题,而不是假问题。     

Peer victimization, poor academic achievement, and the link between childhood externalizing and internalizing problems

This study explored whether early elementary school aged children’s externalizing problems impede academic functioning and foster negative social experiences such as peer victimization, thereby making these children vulnerable for developing internalizing problems and possibly increasing their externalizing problems. It also explored whether early internalizing problems contributed to an increase in externalizing problems. The study examined 1,558 Canadian children from ages 6 to 8 years. Externalizing and internalizing problems, peer victimization, and school achievement were assessed annually. Externalizing problems lead to academic underachievement and experiences of peer victimization. Academic underachievement and peer victimization, in turn, predicted increases in internalizing problems and in externalizing problems. These pathways applied equally to boys and girls. No links from internalizing to externalizing problems were found.     

思想政治新课程改革存在的问题与对策

新课程改革为思想政治课的改革提出了许多新问题和新要求。以往的政治思想课主要弊端在于教学内容枯燥、教学形式单一。其带来的后果是政治思想课严重滞后于社会实际,严重滞后于学生实际。思想政治课新课程改革存在的主要问题包括教学中存在的主要问题;管理中存在的主要问题;评价中存在的主要问题。解决这些问题需要教师、学校以及社会共同努力,才能一一解决。     

Achievement,sociometric status,and personality characteristics of children selected by their teachers as having learning and/or behavior problems

This study examined the relationships among academic, sociometric, and personality variables of 242 children who were selected by their teachers as having behavior problems, learning problems, learning and behavior problems, or no problems. The results were generally supportive of teachers' ability to distinguish between children with problems and children without problems. Children without problems and those with behavior problems only were more similar than different. Children with learning problems and those with learning and behavior problems were also more similar than different, yet differed significantly from children with no problems and those with behavior problems only. The unique characteristics of each group were identified and contrasted.     

英语学习中的听力问题及对策

语言交际是一个表达与理解的过程,在听、说、读、写四项语言基本技能中,听的技能是交流的基础。探讨了英语听力学习中存在的问题：语音、词汇、语法,以及文化背景等方面的问题,并就这些问题提出了相应的解决对策。     

Adolescent exposure to violence and adult physical and mental health problems

Evidence on the relationship of adolescent exposure to violence (AEV) with adult physical and mental health problems is limited, with studies often focusing on earlier childhood rather than adolescence, and also on short term rather than long term outcomes. Information specifically on the relationship of AEV to seeking help for mental health problems in adulthood from either formal sources such as mental health professionals or informal sources such as friends and clergy is even more difficult to find. The present study investigates how adolescent exposure to violence (AEV), in the form of parental physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, and exposure to violence in the neighborhood, are related to self-reported adult physical problems and seeking formal or informal assistance with mental health, controlling for more general adolescent violent victimization and for self-reports and parent reports of mental health problems in adolescence. This study adds to the literature on AEV and adult physical problems, and provides a rare look at the relationship of AEV to adult help-seeking for mental health problems. The results suggest that AEV is associated with mental health problems in adolescence for both females and males, that for females AEV is related to physical problems and to seeking help for mental health problems in adulthood, but for males the only significant relationship involves inconsistent reports of witnessing parental violence and adult physical problems.     

Schools and emotional and behavioral problems: A comparison of school-going and homeschooled children

Much attention has been focused recently on the deepening crisis in the education system. Researchers have attributed these problems to the school environment. One method for examining this claim is to compare specific emotional and behavior problems among children who attend schools and children who do not. This study examined three aspects of children's emotional world—emotional and behavioral problems, depression, and attachment security—in a group of children attending school and a group of homeschooled children, matched for socioeconomic background and research procedure. The findings indicated a lower level of depression among the homeschooled children; no difference was found between the groups in attachment security. With respect to emotional and behavioral problems, no difference was found in internalizing problems, but more externalizing problems were found among the school-going than the homeschooled children, in 9–10-year-olds and 11–12-year-olds, but not in 6–8-year-olds.     

Elementary school teachers' knowledge and beliefs regarding non-routine problems

This study focuses on the knowledge exhibited by 30 elementary school in-service and pre-service teachers in solving non-routine mathematical problems and on their beliefs regarding these kinds of problems. Interviews were used to reveal teachers' knowledge and beliefs. The findings indicated that these teachers had difficulty in solving non-routine problems and that their ability to solve these problems was influenced by their professional backgrounds. Most of the teachers, although failing to solve the given problems, expressed their willingness to give such problems to their students in class, explaining that such problems are important for students to learn how to solve as they help develop mathematical thinking and the skill of solving problems in everyday life. However, the teachers were unwilling to include such problems in examinations.     

俄语专业翻译教学活动主客体：问题与对策

我国俄语专业翻译教学存在一系列问题。其中,多数问题集中体现在翻译教学活动主客体身上。本文借助当代翻译理论研究成果,结合问卷调查的统计分析,指出翻译教学活动主客体存在的问题,并提出相应的对策。     

我国农村留守儿童存在的问题及对策

在我国存在着这样一个弱势群体——农村留守儿童。农村留守儿童问题已成为亟待解决的社会问题。通过对农村留守儿童存在的背景、现状分析,研究解决农村留守儿童问题,具有非常重要的现实意义。农村留守儿童存在心理问题、品行问题、安全问题、学习问题和生活问题等诸多问题。这些问题产生的原因包括社会因素、政府因素、家庭因素和学校因素等,从家庭、学校、政府、社会4个层面提出解决农村留守儿童问题的对策和建议,以期对农村留守儿童问题的解决提供有价值的参考。