经验导向:帝国理工学院工程教育学习模式新动向

面向工程实践的学习方式改革是高等工程教育改革的主流趋势。帝国理工学院的工程教育与工业界保持紧密的合作关系,"经验导向"是其学习模式的新动向。通过对该校学习模式的深入剖析,解读"经验导向"学习模式的理念与目标、结构与要素、内容与方式、评价与成效,总结其特点,揭示该学习模式折射出的"回归工程实践"和"经验学习观"的教育原理。该案例分析结果可为我国"卓越工程师教育培养计划"的工程学习方式变革提供来自欧洲高水平大学的个案经验和实践启迪。     

An appraisal of an online tutorial system for the teaching and learning of engineering physics in conjunction with contextual physics and mathematics,and relevant mathematics

The number of students entering engineering schools in Australian universities has increased tremendously over the last few years because of the Australian Federal Government's policy of increasing the participation rates of Higher School Certificate students and students from low social economic status backgrounds in the tertiary sector. They now come with a diverse background of skills, motivations and prior knowledge. It is imperative that new methods of teaching and learning be developed. This paper describes an online tutorial system used in conjunction with contextual physics and mathematics, and the revision of the relevant mathematical knowledge at the appropriate time before a new topic is introduced in the teaching and learning of engineering physics. Taken as a whole, this study shows that students not only improved their final examination results but there was also an increase in the retention rate of first-year engineering students which has financial implications for the university.     

Transformations in Technical Communicat ion Pedagogy: Engineering, Writing, and the ABET Engineering Criteria 2000

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, the organization that accredits engineering programs in the United States, has shifted its focus to the documentation of student learning outcomes. This shift has prompted changes in the work of technical communication departments and programs that serve engineering, from the development of new courses to increased collaboration between technical and non-technical faculty. This article traces the development of ABET'S Engineering Criteria 2000 and identifies the effect of EC 2000 on technical communication now and in the future.     

基于物理台架的汽车人机工程学虚拟现实技术学习方式应用探索与实践

在工业4.0可持续发展和高校新工科的背景下,传统的高校教学模式难以跟上新产业和新经济的发展步伐。为了强化学生的理论知识与工程实践能力,在传统的汽车人机工程学教和学的基础上,结合工程应用场景提出了新的设计应用课题。我校通过建立一个系统平台,将汽车人机工程学教学内容融入虚拟现实的学习环境,让学生真实感受到整车设计过程。目的在于提升学生理论知识与工程实践相结合能力,对现有教与学的学习模式进行更新补充,对教与学工程应用环境模式进行变革完善。培养符合现代背景新领域的科技人才。     

Preparation for lifelong learning using ePortfolios

Rapid technological change, increasing globalization and a changing world of employment with multiple roles during one's professional life are necessitating a change from knowledge to learning societies. Full participation requires lifelong learning skills, meaning the ability to solve problems, work both independently and in a team, communicate effectively in all formats and on all levels, and self-direct one's learning and professional development needs. Universities need to take responsibility in preparing students for lifelong learning. While engineering and science degrees traditionally do not emphasize the importance of lifelong learning skills new programmes of study are now being introduced, often using electronic portfolios to support engagement with learning objectives and reflection. This article describes an electronic portfolio initiative that is targeted at engineering and computer science students. The initiative aims to create awareness among students on the nature and importance of lifelong learning skills, to facilitate the development of such skills and to assist students in showcasing their competence regarding these skills. Interviews with industry representatives regarding the characteristics of a lifelong learner and the values of constructing and presenting portfolios were conducted and have resulted in strong support for the electronic portfolio initiative. The article provides background on lifelong learning and electronic portfolios, outlines the design of the initiative and then focuses on feedback from industry representatives.     

Distance Teaching of Environmental Engineering Courses at the Open University

In environmental engineering curricula, pollution abatement technologies are best taught taking a holistic approach to the environment, since the transfer of pollutants from one medium to another will not eliminate the problem. This paper describes two integrated distance-learning environmental engineering degree courses offered by the environmental engineering group of the Open University in the UK. Distance learning is reputed to be the most cost-effective way of acquiring knowledge and is an especially attractive continuing education tool for working professionals. This is exemplified by the number of distance-learning courses now offered by a variety of establishments covering a whole multitude of subjects.     

On the design of learning outcomes for the undergraduate engineer's final year project

The course for the final year project for engineering students, because of its strongly research-based, open-ended format, tends to not have well defined learning outcomes, which are also not aligned with any accepted pedagogical philosophy or learning technology. To address this problem, the revised Bloom's taxonomy table of Anderson and Krathwohl (2001) is utilised, as suggested previously by Lee and Lai (2007), to design new learning outcomes for the final year project course in engineering education. Based on the expectations of the engineering graduate, and integrating these graduate expectations into the six cognitive processes and four knowledge dimensions of the taxonomy table, 24 learning outcomes have been designed. It is proposed that these 24 learning outcomes be utilised as a suitable working template to inspire more critical evaluation of what is expected to be learnt by engineering students undertaking final year research or capstone projects.     

新工科建设背景下材料类专业选修课的教学改革思考

新工科建设对于提升我国高等院校人才培养质量具有重要意义。本文针对材料类专业高年级本科生的学习特点,深入分析了专业选修课教学在新工科背景下面临的主要挑战。在课堂教学实践中,以培养学生的创新思维与工程实践能力为目标,提出教学设计中的关键问题与教学方法的实施技巧,调动信息化手段激发学生的学习积极性,增设实践环节培养学生的工程思维,提高学生利用专业选修课知识解决实际工程问题的能力。     

软件工程课程实验考核方法探索

软件工程是近来大学生必修的一门课程,它包含很多的基本原理、概念、方法与技术理论知识。怎样才能使学生学好这门课程,如何考核才能更好的检验学生掌握程度是教学的关键问题。该文结合软件工程课程特点,阐述了软件工程课程考核改革的原由,提出了以软件工程开发文档和结合文档联系软件工程知识答辩这种以实验为主的新的考核方法。该实验性考核方法以考促学,经过实践,提高了学生学习质量,取得了的良好的效果。     

面向新工科的软件工程实践教学体系研究

面向新工科的实践教育体系改革是软件工程专业发展的必由之路,对于培养应用型专业人才具有重要的理论和实践意义。分析了软件工程专业实践教育体系现状,对软件工程学科实践教学体系进行研究,解决人才培养目标与社会需求不相适应的矛盾,实现新工科人才培养核心目标;研究软件工程学科实践教学平台,实现学生由被动学习转变为自主学习,培养学生的软件设计能力与软件创新能力;研究软件工程学科实践教学方法,提高学生的核心技术与系统工程能力,培养学生的软件开发能力。     

Learning objects and learning content management systems in engineering education: implications of new trends

Learning objects and learning content management systems are considered to be ‘the next wave in engineering education’. The results of experiments with these new trends in ICT in engineering education are described in this paper. The prospects were examined and the concepts of reusability of content for teachers and for personalized education using learning objects delivered on demand to students were put to the test. The hurdles that need to be overcome and the benefits of using learning objects and learning content management systems are discussed. This paper is concluded with a discussion of the findings for future developments in engineering education.     

Lifelong learning and learning to learn: An enabler of new voices for the new times

Over the last two decades, there have been numerous attempts to review and re-examine whether conventional learning and teaching approaches are still useful or relevant. Lifelong learning institutions have grown in number and scope, and now fulfil a significant function in bridging the gap between what traditional formal education systems provide and what the rapidly changing labour market requires. Lifelong learning is a mode of seamless learning, whereby informal and experiential learning acquired in various settings can be converted to recognised learning, thereby helping to systematise the various learning experiences into knowledge formation, knowledge building and knowledge creation. This paper analyses certain features of the 21st century such as the knowledge economy, diversity and plurality, and equity. Communities now need to provide more opportunities for everyone to learn for their individual needs, especially when societal changes are happening at a fast pace and in an unpredictable manner. Anticipatory learning for the unknown will become a significant agenda of teaching and learning in the new times, and thus, the availability of lifelong learning opportunities will be essential for preparing citizens of the new times to meet the changing needs that confront them.     

Dealing with complex and ill-structured problems: results of a Plan-Do-Check-Act experiment in a business engineering semester

Challenged by increased globalisation and fast technological development, we carried out an experiment in the third semester of a global business engineering programme aimed at identifying conditions for training student in dealing with complex and ill-structured problems of forming a new business. As this includes a fuzzy front end, learning cannot be measured in traditional, quantitative terms; therefore, we have explored the use of reflection to convert tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. The experiment adopted a Plan-Do-Check-Act approach and concluded with developing a plan for new learning initiatives in the subsequent year’s semester. The findings conclude that (1) problem-based learning develops more competencies than ordinarily measured at the examination, especially, the social/communication and personal competencies are developed; (2) students are capable of dealing with a complex and ambiguous problem, if properly guided. Four conditions were identified; (3) most students are not conscious of their learning, but are able to reflect if properly encouraged; and (4) improving engineering education should be considered as an organisational learning process.     

An overview of game-based learning in building services engineering education

To ensure proper competence development and short graduation times for engineering students, it is essential that the study motivation is encouraged by new learning methods. In game-based learning, the learner's engagement is increased and learning is made meaningful by applying game-like features such as competition and rewarding through virtual promotions or achievement badges. In this paper, the state of the art of game-based learning in building services engineering education at university level is reviewed and discussed. A systematic literature review indicates that educational games have been reported in the field of related disciplines, such as mechanical and civil engineering. The development of system-level educational games that realistically simulate work life in building services engineering is still in its infancy. Novel rewarding practices and more comprehensive approaches entailing the state-of-the-art information tools such as building information modelling, geographic information systems, building management systems and augmented reality are needed in the future.     

信息化时代工科大学生自主学习模式探究

信息化教学模式以学生自主探索为主,因此如何引导学生主动探索学习、激发学生的自主学习能力,成为高等教育教学中探讨的新目标。文章从工科专业特点出发,探讨了推动信息化时代工科大学生自主学习模式的有效路径。     

Sustainability and Education: To Sink—or to Swim?

In the 1960s, the role of engineering education was clear, whereas in the 1990s there is a search for a new rationale. These changes have been wrought by social concerns for the environment at both local and global levels. This trend will accelerate further, and both the rate of development of the trend and its implications have been underestimated. There is now a hope and expectation that technology, until now a contributor to environmental problems, can in the future play a large part in the reduction of these problems. While professional engineering organizations have addressed the problem at a policy level, implementation is a major difficulty. This is also true in education, despite efforts by some schools of engineering to adapt existing courses in an environmental direction. It is now clear that the changes needed are too fundamental and the rate of change too great to be dealt with adequately by adaptation. Basic questions of philosophy and capacity will have to be addressed by academia, engineering practice and major business.     

Characterizing undergraduate engineering students' understanding of sustainability

Engineering professionals in Australia and internationally are coming under increased pressure to practise engineering more sustainably. In response to this pressure, the Institution of Engineers, Australia, has updated the procedure for accreditation of the engineering baccalaureate to ensure inclusion of sustainability learning. In order to graduate, Australian engineering students must now 'understand sustainability'. This paper reports on a theoretical synthesis of the literature on sustainability and understanding, and an empirical investigation into sustainability conceptions held by a group of chemical engineering undergraduate students at the University of Sydney. During the theoretical synthesis we examined what it might mean for a student to understand sustainability by deriving a suite of sustainability principles and describing the component parts of an expert-like understanding of sustainability. In the empirical investigation, students' written responses to the question 'In your own words, what is sustainability?' were analysed using a modified version of the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy. The SOLO analysis revealed broad structural variation in the way our students understood sustainability.     

远程学习支持新发展与知识工程

随着网络等双向通信技术在远程教育中的应用，交互逐渐成为远程学习的重要因素，这种变化使得原来以支持独立学习为主的学习支持难以满足远程学习的需求，实践发展需要一种具有智能性和交互性特征的，支持交互、协作和社区化的学习支持，因此，这就需要借鉴和吸收其他学科的理论和方法。知识工程是源于专家系统而形成的一门研究人类智能及人类知识的机理，以及如何用机器模拟人的智能并促进人类知识发展的学科，该领域的研究为学习支持在交互和智能化方面的研究提供了重要的技术和方法基础。因此，本提出远程学习支持的新特征和关键研究领域，并重点探讨了知识工程有关领域在支持未来远程学习支持相关技术的研究和开发方面的潜力。作希望本能够对远程学习支持的理论和研究提供新的视角。     

Teaching and Learning Basic Electronics with a Professional Circuit Analyzer Program

Modem technology offers powerful professional programs that were originally designed for scientific and practical engineering purposes. These programs are now easily operated by simple graphic interfaces. Even if they offer much more than we may need for instructional purposes, these tools can still be very useful as a support for teaching and learning both the subject matter domain and additional general skills from relatively early stages of scientific and technological education. This article describes the instructional approaches developed for using a professional electronic circuit analyzer program as a learning environment for students in basic electronics courses and discusses the general implications of using such programs for instruction.     

汉代学术的历史地位

先秦典籍在汉代流传 ,经过了汉人不同程度的整理 ,甚至改造。传世的“群经诸子”,主要是汉人的文本。汉王朝一系列的重大举措 ,有利于儒学占主导地位 ,从而形成中国学术史上的“经学时代”。“经学时代”之形成 ,除了社会政治的“外因”,也有学术本身及发展的“内因”,那就是 :各学派的“同源异流”、“其务为治”,以及彼此间的“相生相灭”、“相反相成”,发展为各学派均“兼综”他家的自我调适。从而形成新的学术“整合”。汉代新的学术是中国传统学术的实际源头