A critical point in investigative work: Defining variables

This article reports research concerning the definition of variables by pupils aged 12 to 14 during investigative work. The findings suggest that an increase in the complexity of an investigation lowers the ability to identify relevant variables as pupils start to lose track of the whole task. Substantive concepts intrude most obviously on the ability to define the appropriate dependent variable and to control variables. Pupils appear to have difficulty in realizing the advantages of defining the independent variable as continuous for the investigation as a whole. Possible explanations are considered and some practical ways of addressing this point of difficulty are put forward. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Policy change in higher education: the New Zealand experience

For over one hundred years, the structure of the New Zealand education system has been basically stable. After re-election in 1987, however, the Labour government initiated a major reform of the system, from early childhood to tertiary. Although the pace of change has been great, most of the changes are only recently in place or, in the case of the tertiary sector, not yet fully operative. It is, then, too early to assess the consequences of the changes except rather intuitively. Nevertheless, this is an opportune moment to begin to document and analyze the changes in the tertiary sector.     

军地高教结合:优化国民高教资源配置新举措

本文通过探讨军事高等教育和普通高等教育体系充分结合的必要性和可能性,提出了实现两者充分结合的基本构想,优化国民高等教育资源配置,共同培养21世纪合格人才。     

高校管理中辅导员职能探析

新时期高校学生思想政治工作面临新的机遇和挑战.要进一步开创学生工作新局面,就要不断深化教育体制改革,努力改进学生思想政治教育和管理工作的方式方法,充分发挥辅导员在高校教育管理中的重要作用,尤其要注重提高辅导员工作中的创新意识和创新能力.     

美国高等学校社会服务职能的考察

讨论二战前和二战后美国各个不同历史时期高等学校社会服务职能的特征,美国高等学校所承担的社会服务职能,在某种程度上促进了美国经济的发展。     

论高等教育评估的功能

在高等教育评估功能的研究中出现的问题主要是 :超出高等教育评估的范畴谈论其功能 ;运用逻辑思维推导高等教育评估的功能 ;单纯强调高等教育评估的积极作用而忽略其消极影响。产生这些问题的原因在于 ,人们没有能够认识到高等教育评估的认知性本质特征。从高等教育评估的认知性特征出发进行研究 ,高等教育评估具有鉴定作用、反省作用、参谋作用、批判作用和中介作用等五大功能 ,与此同时 ,它还具有马太效应、认同效应和逆反效应等三大消极影响     

Sailing into the Wind: New disciplines in Australian higher education

Much is made of the potential of lifelong learning for individuals and organisations. In this article we tend to make much less of it, certainly with respect to its use in universities to discipline academics. Nevertheless, we argue that academics now need to re-learn the positions they occupy and the stances they take in response to the marketisation of Australian universities. In particular, we suggest that the position of (pure) critique no longer commands attention in Australian contexts of higher education, although the paper does not suggest a disregard for a critical stance purely for the sake of participation. It is in understanding the interconnections between position and stance , and how they might be strategically performed during the everyday practices of academics, that a more promising way of engaging with the venalities of the market is envisaged; a strategy that could be described as 'sailing into the wind'. In discussing these matters, the paper draws on semi-structured interviews with academics located in university faculties/departments/schools of education along Australia's eastern seaboard.     

论高等教育大众化进程中高等职业教育的地位和作用

在实现高等教育大众过程中,发展高等职业教育有利于优化高等教育结构,促进高等教育向多样化发展;有利于满足社会发展对人才规格提出的客观要求,促进经济发展,为实现高等教育大众化提供物质基础;有利于我国终身教育体系的建立,为实现高等教育大众化开辟有效途径。     

我国高等职业教育发展的新课题

高等职业教育在我国已经得到起步和发展。当前面临如下新课题：如何认识高等职业教育在高等教育中的地位;如何办出高中业教育的特色;如何加强高等职业教育的专业建设;高等职业教育如何向高层次发展。解决这些问题将进一步推动我国高等职业教育的发展。     

我国成人高等教育的新发展

新世纪我国成人高等教育为适应国家现代化建设的需要,在规模和速度上已进入全面发展的新阶段。新的发展表现在成人高等教育与普通高等教育界限淡化;向职业教育领域延伸;中外合作、联合办学;逐渐融入终身教育体系等方面。     

高职高数一元函数极限求法探讨

在微积分学习中,极限是理论基础。对函数性质的研究,实际上就是对各种类型的极限进行研究,如导数、级数、定积分等。因此,我们可以看出极限的重要性。本文根据教学实践,对高职高数的一元函数极限求法进行了探讨,希望能够让今后的一元函数极限求法更加轻松,充满技巧性。     

研究高等数学中函数教学的迁移问题

函数在数学教学中是一个非常抽象的知识点,我们可以通过对迁移理论的研究解决这个难题,能帮助学生更快更容易的理解难点。该文主要是以函数部分内容教学为例,具体说明函数教学过程中知识的迁移,解决问题方法的迁移以及思维方法的迁移等,体现了迁移在数学教学工作中的积极作用。     

Open assessment in higher education: The New York regents external degree

The Regents External Degree Program of The University of the State of New York offers college degrees to anyone who can qualify. No classroom attendance is required. Since 1972 more than 16,000 people have enrolled in the Program and 5,000 have graduated. These external students range in age from 17 to 87 and they reside in every state in the nation. Regents External Degrees are available in the arts, sciences, business, and nursing; each may be earned entirely by examination — 548 have already done so — or by a combination of tests, study at accredited colleges, and approved courses sponsored by the military, government, and business. The University of the State of New York, created in 1784, is America's oldest continuous educational agency. The University was established not to provide classroom instruction but to govern all education in New York, including elementary and secondary schools, museums, libraries, and 250 public and private colleges and universities. Faculty drawn from these institutions of higher education work with Regents' staff in Albany to administer America's first national examining university.

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Zusammenfassung Das Regents External Degree Programm der Staatsuniversität von New York bietet jedem einen akademischen Grad, der sich qualifizieren kann. Anwesenheit im Hörsaal wird nicht verlangt. Seit 1972 haben sich mehr als 16.000 Menschen im Rahmen dieses Programms immatrikuliert und 5000 haben einen akademischen Grad erworben. Das Alter dieser Studenten reicht von 17 bis 87, und sie wohnen in jedem Staat der USA. Akademische Grade des Regents External Degree Programms können in den geistes- und naturwissenschaftlichen Fächern sowie in wirtschaftswissen-schaftlichen Fächern, aber auch Kleinkinderziehung abgelegt werden; jeder Grad kann entweder in Gänze durch Prüfungen erworben werden, und das haben schon 548 Teilnehmer getan, oder durch eine Kombination von Tests, Studium an anerkannten Colleges, und anerkannten Kursen die durch das Militär, die Regierung oder die Wirtschaft gefördert werden. Die Staatsuniversität von New York, gegründet 1784, ist Amerikas älteste bestehende Bildungseinrichtung. Die Universität wurde ursprünglich nicht zum Erteilen von Unterricht gegründet, sondern diente als Aufsichtsinstitut für die Bildungseinrichtungen in New York, einschliesslich der Primar- und Sekundarschulen, Museen, Büchereien, und der 250 öffentlichen und privaten Colleges und Universitäten. Lehrpersonal dieser Institutionen im Hochschulbereich arbeiten zusammen mit dem Personal des Regent Programms in Albany in der Verwaltung von Amerikas erster nationaler Prüfungsuniversität.

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Résumé Le Programme Regents de Grade Externe de l'Université de l'Etat de New York concède des grades universitaires à toute personne qui peut se qualifier. Aucune fréquentation de la salle de classe n'est exigée. Depuis 1972, plus de 16.000 personnes se sont inscrites pour le programme et 5.000 personnes ont reçu un grade universitaire. L'âge de ces étudiants externes s'étend de 17 à 87 et ils résident dans chacun des Etats de la nation. Les Grades Externes du Programme Regents peuvent être obtenus pour les arts, les sciences, l'économie et la profession d'infirmière; chaque grade peut être entièrement acquis par examen — 548 ont déjà procédé de la sorte — ou par une combinaison d'épreuves, d'études dans des collèges accrédités, et de cours approuvés subventionnés par l'armée, le gouvernement et l'industrie. L'Université de l'Etat de New York, créée en 1784, est l'établissement américain educatif le plus ancien qui a toujours fonctionné sans interruption. Cette Université a été fondée non pour transmettre une instruction scolaire mais pour diriger toute forme d'éducation dans l'Etat de New York, englobant les écoles élémentaires et secondaires, les musées, les bibliothèques et les 250 collèges et universités publiques et privés. La faculté provenant de ces institutions d'éducation supérieure travaille avec le personnel du Programme Regents à Albany pour administrer la première université américaine nationale examinatrice.

     

New challenges for higher education: global and Asia-Pacific perspectives

With rapid socio-economic changes, twenty-first century higher education is facing major challenges to its governance systems, curriculum, mission focus, external relations, research, and financing. A theoretical framework to analyze these post-massification challenges is suggested, with a focus on the Asia-Pacific region as well as global issues. Five main topic areas provide the basis for the theoretical framework: massification, privatization, accountability and governance, internationalization, and ranking and world-class universities. Some discussion of the possible effects of the financial crisis that commenced in 2008 is provided.     

论当代高等职业学校的经济功能

高等职业学校作为经济、科技、教育的联结点，通过推动科技进步、培养创业人才、发展知识产业促进经济发展，发挥巨大的经济功能。