Instructional Activities and the Quality of Language in Chilean Preschool Classrooms

Research Findings: This study examines the association between preschool classroom activity and the quality of the language spoken by teachers and children. Eighteen classrooms serving low-income children between the ages of 3 and 4 in Santiago de Chile were audio-recorded during one morning shift. Recordings were transcribed and segmented into activities (greeting, learning experience, book sharing, book discussion, breakfast, lunch, free play and other noninstructional time). A total of 113 activity segments were identified. Characteristics of teacher and child language were measured in each segment. Differences between the eight activities were examined using analysis of variance. Activities were classified as instructional or noninstructional, and the association between this dimension and language characteristics was examined using multilevel path analysis. Results show that most of the variance in language outcomes occurs within classrooms. Analyses show that a significant portion of the variance in the way teachers and children talk is explained by the instructional/noninstructional dimension. Instructional activities are characterized by more language stimulation, more teaching, fewer directives, and more child talk than noninstructional activities. Practice or Policy Implications: We discuss implications for teacher professional development and early childhood education improvement in general and for Latin-America specifically.     

Social Interactions in Preschool Classrooms and the Development of Young Children's Conceptions of the Personal

Two studies examined preschool teacher and child interactions regarding personal, moral, and social-conventional issues in the classroom and the development of personal concepts in young children. In Study 1, 20 preschool classrooms, 10 with 3-year-olds and 10 with 4-year-olds, were observed to assess children's and teachers' interactions regarding personal, moral, social-conventional, and mixed events. Teachers used more direct messages regarding moral and social-conventional events than personal and mixed events. Teachers offered children choices, but they rarely negotiated personal events with children. Children responded with personal choice assertions when adults offered them choices, but adults did not differ in the frequency that they negated or affirmed children's assertions of personal choice. In Study 2, 120 preschool children, nearly evenly divided between males and females at 3, 4, and 5 years of age, were interviewed regarding their conceptions of personal events in the classroom and home. With age, children judged that they should retain control over personal decisions in both contexts. In both judgments and social interactions, teachers and children identified a personal domain in which children can and should make choices about how to structure their activities and assert their independence in the classroom.     

自主学习过程中的个人知识管理

本文首先论述了信息技术环境下,自主学习过程中进行个人知识管理的必要性;在此基础上介绍了个人知识管理的概念和个人知识过程,然后从实际操作的角度重点探讨了自主学习中个人知识管理三个主要步骤:构建个人知识仓库、知识的共享和交流、知识的实践应用。     

纳米芯片厂高洁净度洁净室设计与施工技术

芯片厂的建设对厂房洁净室的要求很高。武汉新芯集成电路厂是目前国内已经投产的芯片厂中生产工艺最先进的,其洁净室面积也是国内同类厂房中洁净面积最大的厂房,本文结合武汉新芯集成电路厂的建设实例,介绍了高洁净度洁净室设计与施工的一般方法。     

党内法规:反腐倡廉制度体系的基石

通过党内法规来实现“党要管党”和“从严治党”.在新的历史时期,中国共产党面临着关系到党的执政地位的腐败问题的时候,党内法规在建立反腐倡廉制度体系中发挥着基石的作用.     

大学英语口语课堂上的情感集中型活动探究

在英语口语教学与语言训练当中,非语言因素对于英语口语的学习与能力提高往往起到重要作用,其中情感因素与移情作用对相关口语教学活动的积极影响不可忽视,应进行鼓励、提倡和引导,以增强学生的学习动机.组织情感集中型口语活动对于提高英语口语课的质量具有重要的意义.     

保险代位权在人身保险中的适用——兼析保险法第46条

保险代位权是否适用于人身保险,只有在被保险人或受益人可能获得双重给付的情境才有探讨价值。在被保险人可以主张双重给付的情境,保险人支付保险金和第三人承担损害赔偿责任的性质皆为对被保险人的损害填补,因而可以适用保险代位权。保险代位权在人身保险的适用与其在财产保险中的适用差别不大。     

浅议人身保险中的代位求偿权问题

保险代位求偿权是保险法中的一项重要制度。我国《保险法》已确立财产保险中存在代位求偿权制度,但在人身保险中却排除代位求偿权的适用。本文借鉴他国法律规定,探讨能否适当放宽保险代位求偿权的适薅范围,在我国人身保险合同中针对部分险种适用保险代位求偿权的问题,以期完善法律规定中的不足之处。     

Quality of Language and Literacy Instruction in Preschool Classrooms Serving At-Risk Pupils

Policy-makers, administrators, researchers, and teachers are increasingly vested in ensuring the quality of preschool instruction, particularly in the areas of language and literacy. This research was conducted to characterize the quality of language and literacy instruction in 135 publicly-funded preschool classrooms serving at-risk pupils. As all teachers in these classrooms were implementing the same language and literacy curriculum, we also studied the interrelationships among procedural fidelity to a prescribed curriculum and the quality of language and literacy instruction, determining whether procedural fidelity is associated or disassociated with quality instruction. Results showed that the quality of language and literacy instruction in classrooms was low, with few teachers delivering high quality instruction. Although teachers were able to implement a prescribed language and literacy curriculum with a high degree of procedural fidelity, this was not associated with quality instruction. Few structural characteristics of classrooms of teachers were systematically associated with quality of instruction. Findings have important implications for professional development of teachers by suggesting a need for a sustained and coherent focus on the process of instruction to elevate instructional quality in language and literacy.     

外语听力课堂活动的设计原则

教学活动设计的原则化是提高外语听力教学质量的关键所在。听力理解过程的实质以及构成听力理解障碍的因素共同影响着教学原则的运用。在现代外语教学理论的指导下,就听力教学课堂活动的设计而言,可以遵循9种原则,即:阶段性原则、真实性原则、易解性原则、兴趣性原则、准备性原则、综合性原则、互动性原则、策略性原则和个性化原则。     

质的研究中研究者个人身份问题探析

研究者个人身份的反省在质的研究中具有重要意义。研究者个人身份的探讨,其本质就是对于研究者体性特征、研究者个人冲突、研究者与研究对象保持的研究关系的现实审视,这也是反思研究者个人身份的三个基本维度。研究者个人身份构建的现实策略是：研究者体性印象的管理;研究者＂前见＂中介作用的发挥;研究者＂附加身份＂的退场;研究者情感的在场。     

社会性软件在个人知识管理中的应用

个人知识管理能力成为信息时代决定一个人成功与否的重要因素,社会性软件在提高人们网络交流能力的同时能够促进个人知识管理。本文将简要介绍社会性软件与个人知识管理,从三个纬度分析社会性软件在个人知识管理中发挥的作用,提出如何利用社会性软件促进个人知识管理。     

电脑动画在幼儿园教育中的运用

针对电脑动画在学前课程活动中的使用不当、内容复杂等问题,在剖析导致问题的原因基础上,提出规范电脑动画的使用、构建适宜的园本课程、增强电脑动画的适宜性、提高教师的专业发展能力、完善幼儿园教学管理体制、遵循儿童发展的特点等几大措施,以提升电脑动画在幼儿园教学活动中的有效运用水平。     

Gender Differences in the Use and Effectiveness of Personal Response Devices

The use of personal response devices (or “clickers”) in the classroom has increased in recent years. While few quantitative studies on the effectiveness of clickers have been published, it is generally reported that clickers have been well-received by the students who use them. Two separate populations (Winter 2006 and Spring 2006) of engineering students were given clickers to use during a general chemistry class. Clicker use was compared to student grades for each course. During both terms, a higher percentage of female students than male students “actively participated” in the lectures, where active participation was defined as answering more than 75% of the clicker questions over the course of the term. Active male students earned final grades about 10 points higher than non-active male students. Active female students, however, scored only about 5 points higher than non-active female students. Student learning was assessed by comparing performance on exam questions and clicker questions with similar content. Students who answered clicker questions correctly were 11–13% more likely to answer the corresponding exam questions correctly than were students who did not answer the clicker question. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of clicker use in the classroom and examine gender differences associated with this use.     

《菜根谭》人身修养伦理思想探析

人生的成长犹如树枝一般需要不断地“修剪”,方可现其端正、秀雅。本文试图从制欲正心,谦虚求学;克己忍让,心平气和;磨练意志,正直诚信;寄情自然,返朴归真四个方面来分析《菜根谭》一书中关于修身养性、处事应物的修养理论,以供今人参考借鉴。     

文学批评中的个人情绪化与批判指向的偏错——论金庸武侠小说的批判中所存在的问题

大约在上个世纪末起,中国掀起了一波涉及金庸、武侠小说、金庸热及金庸武侠小说等现象的批评热潮,而在相当多的有关金庸武侠小说的批判中却存在着个人情绪化突出,批判的矛头指向偏错等问题.许多知名人士或学者在试图去批判金庸武侠小说时实质上却是在批判武侠小说,批判金庸,批判与金庸武侠小说有关的各种社会现象.他们所要批判的对象与其实际批判的矛头不相对应,似乎是南辕北辙、“声东击西”.     

论我国个人信用系统建设中隐私权保护的法律规制

我国的个人信用体系已有初步的发展,但是与信用相关的立法迟迟未出台,特别是我国隐私权保护的先天不足,导致在个人信用系统建设过程中隐私侵权现象时常发生。只有从隐私权的一般规定,信息隐私权的法律规制、征信业的专门立法等方面入手,建立自上而下的三维法律体系,才能有效防范侵权行为。     

Mashup个人学习环境中的信息构建

本文在信息构建理论的指导下,针对Mashup站点（iGoogle、Netvibes、Pageflakes等）的信息构建难以满足学习者对个人学习环境的信息需求问题,运用文献分析法,探讨了Mashup个人学习环境站点四大系统（组织系统、导航系统、标识系统和检索系统）的信息构建。文章在讨论学习者个人学习环境的信息资源或服务需求（资源汇聚、学习交流、学习成果发布和自我管理）的基础上,初步提出了Mashup个人学习环境站点四大系统的信息构建设计建模方案,以期设计一个适合学习者高效构建个人学习环境的Mashup站点。     

区角活动在学前教育中的重要意义

学前教育是教育的启蒙阶段,3—6岁是幼儿身体、心理发展非常关键的时期,这一时期的教育直接影响幼儿未来的学习及生活。在教育改革深入发展的今天,学前教育越来越受到国家的重视,对学前教育采用的形式要求是以适应幼儿身心发展特点为基准的。区角活动是目前公办、私立幼儿园都比较盛行的学前教育形式,这种形式充分适应了幼儿的身心发展特点,符合3—6岁幼儿对知识的接受形式,在学前教育中具有重要的意义。