Beliefs of teachers in Italian schools concerning the inclusion of disabled students: a Q‐sort analysis

This paper presents a course of research into the beliefs of class teachers concerning the scholastic integration of children with disabilities. In the current situation in Italy, due to limited specialist training, the attitudes that teachers develop can constitute an obstacle to the full realization of scholastic integration. Of the 23 teachers who took part in the study, conducted using the Q‐sort methodology, some had direct experience with scholastic integration (with opinions both positive and negative); and others had no direct experience (but also had both positive and negative opinions). Using the Q‐sort system, the paper sets out to verify whether effectively the simple manifestation of positive or negative beliefs in relation to inclusion on the part of the teachers (whether they had direct experience or not) could be confirmed, and whether it lent itself to being developed in reference to specific areas of scholastic experience. From the factorial analysis of the Q‐data, four factors emerged that confirm our hypothesis regarding the existence of different beliefs among teachers.     

Perceptions of Secondary School Students with Mild Disabilities to the Academic and Social Support Mechanisms Implemented in Regular Classrooms

The Student Perceptions of Classroom Support Scale (SPCS), which measures the perceptions of students with mild disabilities of academic and social support mechanisms implemented in regular classrooms, was administered to 60 secondary school‐aged students. Data were obtained with reference to curricular, instructional, physical and peer support mechanisms. Item affectivity and multivariate analysis of variance revealed that significant differences were evident in student’s perceptions in regard to academic versus social support mechanisms. Support mechanisms rated highly by students in terms of positive academic and social outcomes often represented traditional teaching values. Conversely, support mechanisms such as one‐to‐one assistance from teacher assistants or volunteers were perceived as positive in terms of completing classroom activities, but of limited value in establishing friendships with peers. The SPCS not only provides researchers, clinicians and educators with a method of objectively evaluating students’ perceptions of support mechanisms, but also as a method of developing effective practical applications for students included in regular classrooms.     

中学教师职业高原现状及其与社会支持的关系——以福建省为例

据调查显示,福建省中学教师的职业高原现状及其与社会支持的关系为：福建省中学教师的职业高原属于中上水平;2）福建省中学教师的层级高原存在年龄、教龄、职称差异;内容高原存在职称差异;趋中高原存在教龄差异;3）中学教师的职业高原与其社会支持程度存在极其显著的负相关,社会支持的3个维度对职业高原有显著的预测作用。     

工作支持量表在高校教师中的试用研究

采用工作支持问卷对河北省288名高校教师进行问卷调查。工作支持量表从内容上看比较适合高校教师的测量。该量表内部一致性较好,量表分半信度系数及各维度信度系数均符合测量学要求;探索性因素分析表明,各因子的项目分布与原量表项目分布比较接近。结论：工作支持量表在测量高校教师工作支持程度上是比较满意或至少是可用的工具;高校教师工作支持总体水平较好,在性别与所属学科上存在显著差异。     

Collaborative classroom practice for inclusion: perspectives of classroom teachers and learning support/resource teachers

Collaborative practice is integral to effective inclusion. Within schools, teacher collaboration can foster communities of practice through a series of professional relationships that enhance the educational experience and learning outcomes of pupils with special educational needs (SEN). In Ireland, Learning Support Teachers (LSTs) and Resource Teachers (RTs) provide additional support to the increasing numbers of children with SEN in mainstream classrooms. Working alongside Classroom Teachers (CTs), this tripartite of teaching expertise represents an opportunity for whole-school and classroom-based approaches to successful collaborative, inclusive practice.

This article describes the perceptions and experiences of collaborative practice between primary CTs, RTs and LSTs in a cohort of primary schools in the West of Ireland. Using a mixed methods approach, the study sought to establish the nature and extent of collaboration amongst these teachers and to identify the benefits and barriers to implementation.

The findings suggest that whilst teachers are increasingly aware of the value of collaboration, its implementation is largely aspirational, with a series of challenges relating to time constraints, ad hoc planning and limited professional development opportunities most commonly identified as constraints to a consistent approach. The article considers the consequences of this shortfall and options for improved engagement between teachers are identified.     

影响高校辅导员稳定工作的现实因素分析及对策研究

高校辅导员队伍是一支非常重要的生力军,党和国家领导人都高度重视其在意识形态领域的战斗性和堡垒性的作用。但是,目前高校辅导员队伍建设中任然存在一些不足,辅导员队伍的频繁流失现象较为严重。本文从现实角度出发,从观念偏差,编制欠缺,心理压力,婚恋问题,事务繁重,晋升受限等角度细致剖析了影响辅导员安定稳定工作的几大因素。针对这些因素,本文提出了相应的意见建议和整改措施。     

School counsellors’ beliefs regarding collaboration with parents of students with special educational needs in Flanders: Parents as partners or opposites?

The literature shows that a good collaboration between the school and parents of students with special educational needs (SEN) is not always present. However, school counsellors must collaborate with SEN students’ parents to organise guidance trajectories for their child. This article examines school counsellors’ experiences when collaborating with parents of SEN students and the factors they perceive as contributing to good or difficult collaboration. Four focus groups in mainstream education (N = 50) and one focus group in special education (N = 14) were conducted in Flanders. A thematic analysis indicated that school counsellors generally find it difficult to collaborate with parents of SEN students and that an expert attitude can emerge. The role of these parents is described as limited, which is even preferred by some school counsellors. A deficit view is recognised and the reasons for poor collaboration are mainly situated on the parents’ side, such as parents that need more processing time to accept the SEN of their child and that show distrust towards the school. School counsellors spontaneously referred to parents’ low socioeconomic and ethnic minority status as complicating factors for collaboration. They seem to feel incompetent to overcome these collaboration difficulties. Various recommendations for schools are formulated.     

社会支持对农村中学英语教师主观幸福感的影响

随着积极心理学的兴起与发展,主观幸福感逐渐受到研究学者们的关注。国外许多研究发现,社会支持是主观幸福感的一个重要影响因素。农村中学英语教师,作为教师职业领域的相对弱势群体,在获得的社会支持与自身的主观幸福感程度上有其独特性。本研究采用总体幸福量表和社会支持评定量表,在对92名农村中学英语教师进行问卷调查的基础上,了解农村中学英语教师的幸福感现状,探讨和分析社会支持对他们主观幸福感的影响。     

论少数民族地区社会支持对小学教师职业倦怠的影响

通过对来自湖南城步苗族自治县、江华瑶族自治县、广西龙胜各族自治县的3所城镇小学、1所希望小学以及8所乡镇村小的361名教师样分析研究,结果发现：（1）少数民族地区小学教师的职业倦怠整体处于中等水平;（2）教师职业倦怠情况在性别、学校类型、教龄等上存在显著差异;（3）教师职业倦怠与其所拥有的社会支持度存在显著的负相关。     

学校支持服务体系对乡村青年教师教学创新的影响机制研究

完善学校支持服务体系,激发乡村青年教师创新活力,对推进乡村教育振兴、建设高质量教育体系具有重要意义。鉴于此,本研究深入探讨了不同类型学校支持服务体系对乡村青年教师教学创新的作用机制。结果表明,丰富的专业培训、鼓励教师参与学校管理、营造开放包容的学校氛围有助于激发教师韧性,促进其教学创新。物质奖励对教师韧性的激励作用不显著,使用不当反而容易挫伤乡村青年教师教学创新的积极性。研究结果为优化乡村青年教师长效激励机制以激发其教学创新,建设高质量的乡村教师队伍提供理论支持和政策建议。     

试论高职辅导员队伍职能化发展探析

辅导员在职业教育发展中占据着重要地位,然而如何体现和发挥辅导员职能化便成为职业教育发展的关键。因此,高职辅导员队伍建设应从职能定位,职能素养和职能研究三个方面着手,以促进辅导员队伍在高职教育发展中的职能化建设。     

中小学流动教师的职业适应与社会支持关系研究

以沈阳市教师流动制度下的中小学流动教师为研究对象,以自编的《流动教师职业适应问卷》和修订的《社会支持量表》为研究工具,对流动教师的交流初期的职业适应与社会支持的关系进行了研究。结论如下:同事、校长、学生支持能对职业适应产生不同预测,同事是流动教师职业适应最重要的支持源。     

小学教师转岗到幼儿园工作存在的问题及对策——以安徽省淮北市某镇为例

小学教师转岗到幼儿园工作是当前我国为应对基础教育发展新需要所采用的一种有效策略。但在具体实施过程中,转岗教师普遍存在角色定位模糊、教育观念转换困难、自我价值感下降、不适应工作制度等问题。转岗教师要发挥主观能动性,尽快适应幼儿园工作。主管部门应选择合适的教师转岗,力求人尽其才。幼儿园要创设良好的工作氛围,进行人性化管理,并加强培训,以促使转岗教师尽快适应新的工作。     

从融合到融和:培智学校与社区互动研究

培智学校教育对象的变化、融合教育的倡导实施、原有课程实施方式使得培智学校的改革势在必行。以北京市某特殊教育学校为研究对象,采用质性研究的研究方法对该校与社区互动的原因、历史、具体举措、效果及问题进行了研究。研究结果表明,在文化氛围、学校管理、课程方面培智学校都有其与社区互动的机制。培智学校与社区互动的特点有:“双赢”是培智学校与社区互动的基础、“利益共同体”是培智学校与社区互动的表现形式、“改革发展”是培智学校与社区互动的动力。要更好地促进培智学校与社区互动,不仅需要协调学校内学科课程与社区课程的冲突、突破学校改革和质量发展的瓶颈,更需要处理好学校、社区、家庭、政府在培智学校与社区互动中的支持服务关系。     

小学全科型卓越教师的内涵、特征与培养路径

儿童的认知世界并无学科之分,在启蒙教育阶段实施综合性养成教育,可以更好帮助儿童从立体的生活世界过渡到具有整体图式的认知世界,全科型卓越教师的提出与素养教育的现实诉求相契合。儿童认知规律和国内外全科教师研究都表明,小学全科型卓越教师的本质内涵不是能胜任全部科目的教学,而是能否遵循儿童认知发展规律,有效整合各学科知识,并具备设计和实施这类整合性课程教学的能力,更好促进儿童品性的发展。但是,目前小学全科型卓越教师的培养在教师教育的课程体系和师资队伍中都还存在若干挑战。可从师资队伍建设、课程与教学改革和增强职业吸引力三个路径入手,探索小学全科型卓越教师的有效培养。     

幼儿园教师与小学教师入学准备观的研究

幼儿园教师和小学教师的入学准备观影响着他们的教育行为,进而影响儿童的发展。本研究采取问卷法调查了北京地区幼儿园教师和小学教师的入学准备观,在对幼儿园教师和小学教师入学准备观的特点进行归纳分析的同时,还比较了两者的异同。