小学生学习适应性研究

研究发现,小学生总体学习适应水平比全国理论水平高得多。综合小学低,中,高年级适应不良率来看,小学中年级适应性最差。就学习适应性不良的学生来说,城乡之间无显差异,但性别方面有显差异。就学习适应优良的学生而言,城乡之间无显差异,而性别之间虽亦无显差异,但从各分项测验看,男生优良率明显低于女生。     

Metacognitive skills in Belgian third grade children (age 8 to 9) with and without mathematical learning disabilities

This paper presents a study on mathematical problem solving in third-grade pupils. The relationship between mathematics, metacognition and intelligence was investigated in children with (n = 191) and without mathematical learning disabilities (n = 268). A significant relationship was found between prediction, evaluation, intelligence, procedural and mathematical fact retrieval skills in children without mathematical learning disabilities. In the children with mathematical learning disabilities a relationship was found between metacognitive and procedural skills. No such relationship was found between intelligence and metacognition or between metacognition and mathematical fact retrieval skills. In addition it was investigated if children with mathematical learning disabilities had less adequate metacognitive skills than peers without learning problems. At group level significant differences were found between both groups. However on analyzing these results further, it was found that four out of five children with combined mathematical learning disabilities, half of the children with procedural disabilities and only 5% of the children with a retrieval deficiency had low metacognitive skills. Furthermore, metacognitive problems were found in one out of five children without learning disabilities. Moreover, a majority of the children with mathematical learning disabilities and inadequate metacognitive skills had problems with prediction and evaluation skills. Most third graders with low metacognitive skills only appeared to have problems predicting the level of difficulty of tasks. Inaccurate evaluations were found on a more regular basis in children with mathematical learning disabilities and inadequate metacognitive skills as opposed to the sample of children with inadequate metacognitive skills but without learning difficulties, where their occurrence was rather a one off. The implications of this study for diagnosis and treatment will be discussed later in this paper.     

中小学生自我监控学习能力的发展及影响因素研究

本研究拟探讨不同地区、不同民族、不同年龄中小学生自我监控学习能力的发展特点及其影响因素。研究选取昆明地区和德宏州小学五年级到高中二年级的汉族、傣族、景颇族学生，通过量表、问卷和访谈方式了解学生自我监控学习能力的发展状况，通过相关分析、方差分析法探讨与智力、非智力因素、认知风格间的关系。结果发现不同地区、不同民族间学生自我监控学习能力差异并不明显；学生的年龄、智力、非智力因素与自我监控学习能力间有显相关；学生的认知风格对自我监控学习能力有一定影响，影响的强度和维度因年级的不同而有所不同。     

Turning the tide: creating Professional Learning Communities (PLC) to improve teaching practice and learning in South African public schools

Abstract

Poor learner performance in South African schools raises concerns related to lack of commitment and accountability from school leaders and teachers with no common vision to promote a culture of high learner performance. This paper provides a literature overview of research available on the impact of professional learning communities (PLC) on effective teaching and practices to promote higher levels of learning amongst students; the nature of PLCs; their essential characteristics, developmental stages and challenges; and an assessment of the benefits of PLC in schools and the challenges of PLC from other researchers’ observations. PLCs are necessary to encourage collaborative teamwork on essential outcomes and intervention activities in learning. Finally, I conclude by exploring how South African schools can benefit from the practices of professional learning communities which endeavour to improve teaching practices and poor learner achievement.     

我国智力残疾儿童随班就读研究的现状与反思

运用文献研究法,从研究者来源和研究内容两个维度对近二十年我国智力残疾儿童随班就读研究的现状进行梳理与分析.结果表明:研究者地域分布不均,东、中、西部差异较大;研究者单位分布不均,单位间合作少、学段分布不平衡;研究内容分布不均,教学和心理健康研究多、行为和支持研究少;研究内容呈现出阶段性,由关注安置模式转向关注教育教学质量.     

当代认知心理学的学习观及教学启示

认知心理学是当代心理学发展的主流,对教育产生了巨大的影响。认知心理学学习观主要有：学习是个体主动构建的过程,学习者已有的知识经验是学习的充分条件,对信息的认知加工和相应的策略是学习的必要条件,元认知对认知过程的意识和调控影响学习的顺利进行,动机指导着个体的学习。据此,现代教学实践应改变传统的学生观,教学过程中要加强学生的研究、学生学习策略和元认知能力的培养,教学评价也应注意学生学习过程的评价。     

Unpacking the hidden efficacies of learning in productive failure

This paper describes a framework for learning where learners undergo experimentations with the phenomena at hand according to progressive and staged goals. Bowling is used as a case study in this paper. The premise for experimentations is that learners can experience hidden efficacies, including the formation of “bad habits.” A distinction is made between productivity in learning and performance in terms of learning outcomes. In other words, productivity in learning may not necessarily manifest in successful performance, hence the term productive failure. To emphasize the need for self-regulation during problem-solving process, we discuss the movements within the productive–unproductive and success–failure dimensions through three-staged self-regulatory processes and draw implications to learning and instruction.     

Attitudes of students towards the use of a Learning Management System (LMS) in a face-to-face learning mode of instruction

Abstract

The development and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in education has led to most universities incorporating elements of online learning into their traditional classrooms via the use of a Learning Management System (LMS) (Burrell-Ihlow 2009, Angeli 2005, Salisbury and Ellis 2003). However, it is not known how well students who are used to traditional face-to-face learning environments and who do not necessarily prefer online environments adapt when placed in such environments. This study investigated the attitudes of students towards the use of a LMS in a traditional face-to-face classroom. The combination of the LMS and the face-to-face mode of instruction were considered as a “mixed learning mode of instruction”.

The study aimed at assessing the attitudes of students towards a mixed learning mode of instruction. The results showed a positive trend towards the acceptance of a mixed learning mode of instruction for learning. Many students involved in this mode said that it was the mixed mode of delivery that enabled them to benefit from this course, have more contact with the lecturer and were motivated to work. Most students felt that the efficiency and quality of education had improved. These results suggest that more courses should be offered using a mixed mode delivery.     

Supporting the inclusion of pupils with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties in the primary school: the role of teaching assistants

During the past ten years in the UK there has been a considerable increase in the number of teaching assistants (TAs) appointed to work alongside teachers in schools. A significant number of these colleagues are appointed to support pupils with special educational needs (SEN), including those with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD). This paper reports on the ways in which the role of the teaching assistant in supporting pupils with SEBD has been developed in schools for pupils aged 7–11 years in one English Local Education Authority (LEA). It suggests that there are several models of support emerging and that the role of the teaching assistant is perceived as crucial to the effective inclusion of pupils with SEBD in mainstream classrooms.     

The exploration of student-centred approaches for the improvement of learning programming in higher education

The author has undergone a major shift in the way of teaching his undergraduate computer programming courses. In the classroom, the teacher＇s computer is connected to a splitter and a video projector that display the computer＇s screen to the entire class. Using this technology, the programming language itself is used live in class to help the students learn how to program. The students are learning in a context by far livelier than those of previous methods. Teaching computer programming is not achieved by lecturing and writing the program instructions on board or by displaying program instructions to the class on transparencies or slides of electronic presentations. With the implementation of student-centered approaches, the students migrated from the state of passive receivers to constructors of computer programming concepts. Students are coached to develop a sense of exploration, individuality and autonomous thinking. The enthusiasm for technology has been facilitating and supporting the learner-centered approach. Everyone in this approach is a learner, including the teacher.     

遗传学教学中问题教学的应用

阐述了遗传学教学中问题式教学法的应用、创设问题的原则以及实施问题式教学法的启示．     

中国现当代文学专题(2)网络考核的教与学

网考作为中央电大考试模式改革的新举措,正在全国范围内逐步推开。要搞好中国现当代文学专题(2)课程的网考,技术人员与管理人员就要服务周到;教师就要在学生的学习、考试方面进行必要的指导;学生就要在完成形考任务、准备考试方面积极努力,使网络真正成为开放教育的有利工具。     

An empirical examination of the effect of self-regulation and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) factors on the online learning behavioural intention of college students

The main objective of this study was to examine the factors of individual characteristics (e.g., self-regulation in terms of metacognition and motivation) and learning environmental expectancy (e.g., performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence) that influence students’ behavioural intention to continue online courses. The questionnaire data collected from 312 college students were analyzed using the structural equation modelling approach to examine the relationship between self-regulation and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model. The experimental results revealed that self-regulation in terms of metacognition and motivation directly related to performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence. In addition, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and motivation significantly and directly influenced students’ intention to use online courses. However, this study found that metacognition and social influence did not positively directly relate to behavioural intention. The discussion of the present findings and practical implications for possible future research have also been analyzed and concluded.     

Confirming the legitimacy of female participation in science,technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM): evaluation of a UK STEM initiative for girls

This paper offers a study of a Saturday science-activity club for young secondary school aged girls, in Cardiff, UK. It provides a critical analysis of interactions between group participants and their mentors in building an equitable and experiential learning zone for the promotion of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) as subject and occupational choices. This study explores how science outreach programmes for young women represent a form of gender re-education, reconfiguring and redefining gender identities in science. We consider how an informal, experiential learning programme scaffolds female learners in discovering the confidence to negotiate multiple iterations of STEM, and in developing an ability to celebrate gender difference and the multiple roles of women to science.     

Competence-Based Vocational Education and Training (VET): the Cases of England and France in a European Perspective

This paper examines the notion of ‘competence’ in the VET systems of France and England. While both countries have developed ‘competence-based’ approaches, underlying the similar terminology are distinct meanings, rooted in the countries’ institutional structures and labour processes. A key distinction is identified between a knowledge-based model in France and a skills-based model in England. Competence in the French sense is multi-dimensional and relies on the integration of practical and theoretical knowledge, as well as personal and social qualities within a broadly defined occupational field. By contrast, in England, competence refers to the performance of fragmented and narrowly defined tasks, with minimal underpinning knowledge. Thus, whereas ‘competence’ in the English VET system usually denotes functional employability for what may be relatively low-skilled employment, in France, it encapsulates the multi-dimensional development of the individual as a citizen as well as an employee.

终身教育视野下的非正规学习成果认证:理念与形式

非正规学习成果认证是终身学习实现的重要制度之一,我国当前已经实现了部分非正规学习成果的认证。已有的认证一般较为注重对个体学习的过程和结果进行证明,主要形式有成人高等教育学历证书、高等教育自学考试学历证书和职业资格证书等。     

近20年清代家学研究之回顾与展望

近20年清代家学研究获得了较大发展,个案研究成果较丰,然仍需进一步扩延广度,拓展深度;专题研究较为薄弱,需逐步开拓有一定深度的专题研究。家学研究未来的发展态势仍是积极乐观的,家谱的收藏与整理、古籍的出版与数字化等工作的完善,相关与相近领域研究的深入发展,使得研究条件臻于成熟。     

Participatory planning for project sustainability of environmental education projects: a case study of the Secondary Teacher Training Environmental Education Project (St2eep) in Zimbabwe

Within the first year of the Secondary Teacher Training Environmental Education Project (St²eep) in Zimbabwe, project stakeholders, including lecturers, college administrators, local project coordinators, and donor representatives, expressed concern about the non‐sustainability of the project due to its over‐reliance on its international donor. In response to this challenge, a process of critical self‐reflection through self‐assessment workshops was started to give an opportunity for key project stakeholders to explore the challenge of project sustainability. Applying the principles of expansive learning theory to St²eep’s reflection processes, this paper shows how the contradictions that emerge from the interaction between different project stakeholders can be powerful sources for learning. This has resulted in new forms of activity to address the challenge of project sustainability in St²eep. The insights of this paper may be useful for other donor‐funded environmental education projects that are confronted with the challenge of project sustainability.     

资源和环保约束下中小企业发展循环经济探析--常熟市中小企业竞争力系列研究之二

随着资源性产品价格全面上涨和“民工荒”的出现,随着国内环保力度的加大和国际贸易中“绿色壁垒”的增多,常熟中小企业的成本竞争优势遇到了资源和环境的双重约束。发展循环经济既有利于企业节约资源,提升其经济效益和社会效益,又符合国内外消费者的消费态势,是摆脱资源和环境约束的必由之路。常熟应在微观、中观和宏观三个层面上推动中小企业循环经济的发展。