现代图书馆网络化信息服务的特点及创新

介绍了现代图书馆的基本模型，分析了网络环境下信息服务的特点，进而论及了网络化信息服务系统的创新应是系统技术构成、管理模式和服务方式的创新。     

要把"为社会科学理论创新服务"写在社科信息工作的旗帜上

21世纪争夺科学的制高点,除了信息科学、生物科学领域外,人文社会科学是最重要的领域。人文社会科学必须站在时代最前列,不断进行理论创新,才能为人类社会发展提供理论指导。“创新”,包括一般所说的知识创新、技术创新、理论创新、制度创新等等,即是人们在认识世界、改造世界、推动社会发展中提出的新思想、新观点及解决问题的新方法。而这种运用新思想、新材料、新方法对社会现象,包括人的精神世界进行独特的、具有超越性或前瞻性的科学探索的理论创新,必须是在科学思维和大量信息的获取和利用的基础上才能完成的。科学思维和信息的获取、利用是理论创新的车之两轮、鸟之两翼,缺一不可。     

Understanding citizens' perception of government fiscal information through a survey experiment

State and local governments regularly disclose financial information to the public so that the current financial status of the government is recognized publicly. The purpose of such disclosure is to achieve accountability and inform citizens about governments' financial decisions. Despite the efforts to improve the accessibility and readability of financial information, we do not know whether and how the financial information is processed by citizens. This study investigates how citizens assess the financial condition of governments when different financial information is presented. We conduct an online survey experiment to understand how disclosed financial information shapes citizens' perceived level of a government's fiscal stress and their attitudes toward governments' revenue-raising strategies. We find that citizens prioritize the financial indicators that they are familiar with, such as debt and surplus ratios. While both historical and social reference points play an important role, social reference is more effective in influencing citizens' perception. We only find limited evidence to support the relationship between citizens' perception of fiscal stress and their support toward governments' decisions to raise revenues.     

Characteristics of early adopters of end-user online searching in the health professions

This paper examines end-user, online searching using data from a questionnaire mailed to 150 Canadian health professionals in practice settings. The response rate was 83% (n = 124). The data provide a demographic profile of early adopters of end-user searching in the health care community. Positive correlations with the user's level of implementation of end-user searching were found for the following variables: amount of time spent in research activities, amount of system training received, and use of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). There was a negative association between the amount of time spent in patient care and implementation level. General practitioners and family physicians had lower implementation levels than physicians in other specialties. Successful implementers were more likely to be computer literate and to place a high value on formal information sources such as books, journals, and libraries. Health professionals using so-called "user-friendly" or menu-based software had lower levels of personal commitment to using online databases, as measured by a combination of continuance of use, willingness to pay personally, type of recommendations made to colleagues, and hardware ownership.     

User acceptance of SMS-based e-government services: Differences between adopters and non-adopters

Delivering public services through the SMS channel is popular in developed and developing countries, and it has demonstrated its benefits. However, citizens' acceptance of the services is still an issue. This paper presents a study on user acceptance of SMS-based e-government services. Constructs of the proposed model were derived from a survey on citizens' motivations for using SMS-based e-government services (142 respondents from 25 countries), prominent theories on individual acceptance of technologies, and current studies on user acceptance of SMS and e-government services. The model was validated using data from 589 citizens in three cities in Indonesia, who are non-adopters. The relationships between the factors then were compared with data from 80 adopters of SMS-based e-government services in Australia. The proposed model explains what factors influence non-adopters to accept SMS-based e-government services, and the comparison explains the relative importance of the factors for the adopters. The findings are promising for governments who wish to evaluate a new SMS-based e-government system very early in its development in order to assess potential acceptability and for governments who would like to diagnose the reasons why an existing SMS-based e-government service is not fully acceptable to citizens and to take corrective action to increase the acceptability of the service.     

Understanding the information and resource needs of UK health and social care placement students

Background: Students on health and social care degree programmes spend 50% of their time on practice placements. Because of the diversity of settings and the need to evidence their work, it is vital to understand the information and resource needs of placement students. Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to understand the needs of placement students in terms of accessing resources whilst they are in the field in order to inform a guide to meet these needs. Methods: Focus groups were conducted with students on midwifery, social work and post‐registration health professions degree programmes on three different sites across the region. Data were analysed using Thematic Content Analysis. Results: Three themes emerged from the data: inequality, user education needs and students’ solutions and strategies. Conclusions: It is essential to speak to placement students in order to understand their needs in terms of accessing and using library resources. The timing and content of information skills training is key to meeting student needs while on placement.     

Appropriate use of information at the secondary school level: Understanding and avoiding plagiarism

This study explores students' understanding of plagiarism and their information use practices. Based on earlier findings regarding students' orientation toward processes and the degree of plagiarism exhibited, it analyses four cases in a new Australian study of Year 11 students. The two students who plagiarized least are compared with the two who plagiarized most in an ancient history assignment. Those who plagiarized most were less engaged with their topics; remembered less about them a month later; demonstrated less interest in processes such as learning, seeking meaning, or understanding; and were less able to recognize plagiarism than did those who plagiarized least. Those who plagiarized least incorporated direct quotations more effectively, used fewer quotations, and synthesized information and ideas better than did the others. Learning experiences that emphasize student engagement and construction of knowledge through appropriate and effective information use should take precedence over attempts to detect plagiarism without providing alternatives.     

Public value creation through voluntary business to government information sharing enabled by digital infrastructure innovations: a framework for analysis

Public value creation is traditionally considered as the citizens' collective expectations with respect to government and public services. Recent e-government literature indicates that what exactly constitutes public value in digital government is still debated. Whereas previous research acknowledges aspects such as co-production and the orchestration role of government in the context of public value creation, there is only a limited understanding of how public value is created by the interactions between government and business actors, and the role digital technologies play in that process. Furthermore, so far, research into public value creation processes is limited to specific services that aim to meet a specific goal; for a more complete view, an integrative perspective is required to address the multiplicity of goals. Societal challenges including climate change, sustainability, and the transition towards circularity will require governments to play a crucial role. Businesses are also transforming their vision by adding societal goals to their economic objectives and contributing to these societal challenges. This necessitates even more the need to explicitly consider the role of business in public value creation processes. In this paper we argue that there is a need to understand public value creation as an interactive process, involving both government and business actors. In this process, voluntary information sharing enabled by digital infrastructures has the potential to contribute to the value creation processes, but the increased complexity of digital technologies obscures the effects they can have on value creation. Therefore, we develop a framework that allows to reason about public value creation as an interactive process, involving government and businesses, facilitated by voluntary information sharing. The framework also allows to reason about how the technological design choices of the underlying digital infrastructure influence this value creation process. For the framework development, we use an in-depth case study from the domain of international trade. We analyze the interactions between customs authorities and supply chain actors for jointly creating public value related to revenue collection, as well as safety and security of goods entering the European Union, using business data made available via a global blockchain-enabled infrastructure. In future research, the framework that we developed can be used to analyze more complex cases with additional public value aspects, such as sustainability and circularity.     

Early adopters of ORCID functionality enabling recognition of peer review: Two brief case studies

Key points

• Publishers increasingly acknowledge the need for better recognition of peer review activities and are experimenting with ways to achieve this.
• A recent community working group recommended a set of data exchange standards to support this recognition, and these have now been implemented by the Open Researcher and Contributor ID.
• The American Geophysical Union and F1000 are the first adopters of this new functionality.

     

The human in human information acquisition: Understanding gatekeeping and proposing new directions in scholarship

Humans exhibit a fundamental reliance on interpersonal relations for the acquisition of information. Gatekeepers, who help link people with unknown information, are the “humans” in this human information-seeking process. The gatekeeping phenomenon has been studied in diverse disciplines and this article examines these research literatures to reveal that gatekeepers arise in discourse communities by different means, including cultural certification, informal nomination, or by virtue of their social positions. This multidisciplinary analysis of gatekeeping reveals that information practices are immensely contextual and contingent on the social environment. It enables and substantiates a collectivist perspective of library and information science (LIS). Moreover, this theoretical orientation also prompts us to apply social network analysis (SNA) to LIS in order to study and determine how the characteristics of social relationships and structures affect access to information resources.     

现代医院图书馆服务变革与创新

阐述了为实现现代医院图书馆的功能管理与服务创新,医院图书馆需要从宏观管理、开放式服务、专业化点对点服务、文明和谐的人性化服务等方面进行变革,并提出了提高馆员素质、拓宽服务领域、加强图书馆信息资源和网络平台建设等应对机制。     

区块链在学术出版领域的创新应用及展望

区块链被认为是一个具有颠覆性潜力的技术,将重新定义世界,改变经济、社会和生活,也将 为学术出版领域带来革命性影响。在系统阐述区块链概念、基本特征和优势的基础上,结合区块链研 究现状和学术出版领域的现实需求,提出了区块链技术在学术成果版权保护与学术不端行为治理、学 术出版同行评议、出版物影响力评价、科研的可重复性、期刊价值功能改造等方面应用的可行性。最后, 对区块链技术在学术出版领域应用面临的挑战和应对策略进行了展望。     

Information system supporting innovations: SSSTI reorganization

The information system that supports innovation activity in Russia needs improvements in its institutional structure. The paper treats an approach to this issue.     

基于Web3．0的图书馆服务创新

介绍了Web3．0及其对图书馆的影响,并从智能化搜索服务、个性化图书馆门户等方面论述了Web3．0下图书馆的服务创新。     

医院图书馆服务创新的新思考

分析我国医院图书馆服务创新的必要性,介绍了医院图书馆服务创新的主要内容、手段与策略,探讨了医院图书馆服务创新的理论内涵、关联、特征及实现的新途径。     

《阅读疗法理论与实践》一书的策化与创意

介绍了编著《阅读疗法理论与实践》的背景与意义、调研过程与成果展现方式、编写队伍的选定与任务分工和编写计划的实施与进展。     

Adolescent uses of audio: Personal music and radio music

Three hundred twenty‐nine college freshmen responded to open‐ended questions about the meanings they interpret from audio sources, specifically their personal music and music they hear on the radio. Personal music was used most often for creating personal identity and values and for coping with difficult situations. Radio music was used as a source of “identity” information, but, more often, it was identified for entertainment, background, or relaxation. The adolescents said they created meaning differently from the different sources.