Black Panthers in Peyton Place

This article uses the prime-time drama Peyton Place (ABC, 1964–67) to examine the challenges of racial integration in the serial narrative. Peyton Place broke ground as a prime-time serial, but declined in popularity by its fourth year on the air. An African-American family was added to the story canvas as part of a strategy to revive audience interest by exploring stories with social relevance. I use the archived papers of the show’s writers and producers to examine the negotiations behind the racial integration of a continuing drama that established its success with a white cast of characters.     

Concerns about the Disproportionate Use of Economic Research in the FCC'S Media Ownership Studies from 2002–2007

An analysis of the studies used by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in its media ownership proceedings from 2002–2007 found a disproportionate use of economic research to support the agency's rule changes. The use of this research in policymaking is important because the FCC's reliance on economic literature may have helped justify a “procedural” definition of what constitutes the public interest, and a “neoliberal” faith in the wisdom of market forces to ensure that the public interest is being served. The findings suggest that the inclusion of a broader range of scholarship, especially media research, would not have supported the FCC's decision to further relax media ownership rules.     

Media Ownership Regulations and Local News Programming on Broadcast Television: An Empirical Analysis

This study analyzes the provision of local news programming on local television and its relation with station ownership characteristics and market conditions. The results show that station financial strength and market competition have a significant, positive relation with the quantity of local news programming. However, there is little evidence that ownership characteristics (e.g., duopoly ownership and ownership by one of the big 4 broadcast networks) contribute to local news production. The findings call into question one of the underlying rationales of the Federal Communication Commission's current policies toward more relaxed national and multiple ownership rules.     

Civilizing Prime Time: Gender and Conflict Resolution in the 2004–05 Season

Using a sample of 129 situation comedies, dramas, and reality programs airing during the 2004–05 prime-time season on the broadcast networks, this study examined the relationship between the gender of storytellers and on-screen portrayals of conflict resolution. The study found that the employment of at least one woman storyteller was related to the more equitable use of conflict resolution strategies and more “civilized” conflict resolution strategies among characters.     

The Bishop and the Gargoyle: A Study of Network-Produced Prime-Time Church-Set Dramatic Old-Time Radio Programs

This research examines dramatic old-time radio programs produced by the networks to identify prime-time shows that focused regularly and principally on ecclesiastics- people in service to the institutional church. Although many such programs appeared on prime-time broad- cast television, this study reveals that only one such program aired in the history of prime-time radio. The article draws a profile of this program, The Bishop and the Gargoyle, looking at how it represents ecclesiastics. The aim is to contribute to an understanding of how popular culture represents the institutional church and its leaders, here adding a review of radio to the existing literature that looks at the church's representation in television and movies. The study also considers why church-set network-produced prime-time programs were so scarce in old-time radio.     

Concentration and Diversity in the Cable Television Industry Under Regulatory Uncertainty

This study investigates the relationship between the concentration of ownership among cable companies and diversity in the cable networks during a period of regulatory uncertainty—a period when the cable ownership rules were announced but did not have legal impact due to legal challenges from the industry. The results show that although cable ownership rules had not been legally in effect, they did pose potential threats to the industry and affected the cable television industry by decreasing the level of concentration among cable networks while increasing the level of concentration among cable system operators.     

Ownership Structure of Publicly Traded Newspaper Companies and Their Financial Performance

This study examined the effects of ownership structure on the financial performance of publicly traded newspaper companies. The results showed that the level of institutional ownership in a year was negatively associated with the subsequent year's profitability, as measured by return on equity and return on assets. Increased insider ownership in a given year was followed by decreased debt-to-equity ratio in the next year. Agency theory and financial control theory were discussed.     

Media Life

This analysis of 4,469 promotions carried in on-air promos during prime-time and weekend sports television programs established the impact on prime-time ratings of frequency of promotion, distance, construction, and length. The analysis also examines the impact of these promotion variables for programs of different genres, targeted to different genders and ages, and with different degrees of familiarity. Whether the promotion aired in weekend sports or inside prime-time made little difference to the overall results, but notable differences emerged for programs of different genres, familiarity, and audience demographics. The findings apply to industry practices and contribute to refining salience theory.     

Sexual Socialization Messages in Television Programming Produced for Adolescents

This study examined sexual content in American prime-time programs popular among the tween (9–14 years of age) audience on broadcast networks and programs aired on the most popular adolescent TV networks—an understudied area of media research. Consistent with past research, the majority of broadcast shows contained sexual talk and behaviors, as did adolescent shows. No significant difference was observed between the two types of shows regarding the frequency with which sexual behaviors were presented in a given hour of TV programming. The amount of scene focus paid to sexual themes varied, but studio audiences were almost always heard positively reinforcing these messages. The findings are discussed with respect to social cognitive and cultivation theories.     

Rethinking archival,ethical and legal frameworks for records of Indigenous Australian communities: a participant relationship model of rights and responsibilities

Archival systems have been based on the conventional understanding of the relationship between record subjects as third parties and record creators as the principal parties to the record transaction, thus limiting the rights of those captured in and by the record. An alternative approach is a participant relationship model which acknowledges all parties to a transaction as immediate parties with negotiated rights and responsibilities. A number of legal and archival concepts support a participant model of co-creatorship and associated responsibilities in relation to ownership, access and privacy. The application of the participant model to Indigenous Australian record subjects, in particular to records about them held in archival institutions or in creating organisations would enhance Indigenous rights in records. Indigenous claims to ownership over archival sources of Indigenous knowledge can be characterised in the legal concept of a bundle of rights that recognises more than one interest to control, disclose, access and use records. Human rights principles in international and national human rights instruments also support the assertion of Indigenous rights in records. Archival and legal reform is required to fully implement the participant model but a number of archival, ethical and legal strategies would accelerate its implementation. The re-conceptualisation of the record subject as a record co-creator can also be applied to non-Indigenous contexts and therefore has significant archival and legal implications.     

Partisan Patriotism in the American Presidency: American Exceptionalism,Issue Ownership,and the Age of Trump

This study employs issue ownership theory to examine the partisan dynamics surrounding the idea of American exceptionalism in presidential discourse. We conducted a content analysis of invocations of American exceptionalism in all major U.S. presidential addresses—domestic and foreign—from the end of World War II through Trump’s 1st year in office. We find that even though Republicans have traditionally claimed ownership of American exceptionalism, patterns in presidential discourse tell a very different story. Specifically, our results show (a) in domestic contexts, Republican and Democratic presidents were very similar in their invocations of American exceptionalism during the Cold War but that Democrats have held a substantial advantage over Republicans throughout the post–Cold War era, including on issue areas that Republicans are perceived to “own” (e.g. national security); (b) in foreign contexts, Democrats have been much more outspoken in their embrace of American exceptionalism throughout both the Cold War and post–Cold War; and (c) President Trump has diverged significantly, both in substance and frequency, from his Democratic and Republican predecessors in his invocation of American exceptionalism. We reflect on the implications of these findings on our broader understanding of issue—and trait—ownership, presidential discourse, and American exceptionalism in American politics.     

Weaving a Web Within the Web: Corporate Consolidation of the Web, 1999–2008

Scholars have repeatedly debated whether the Web serves as an alternative to traditional media consolidation. To explore this issue further, the author examines Web site ownership trends over a 10-year period, finding evidence of ownership consolidation among popular Web properties. In addition, the author finds that traditional media corporations have consolidated their influence over the Web. In the end, the author suggests that the Web does not serve as an alternative to media consolidation.     

新《档案法》档案权属的立法缺陷及影响—以企业档案管理为视角

档案权属原则及界定规则是健全档案法律制度的法理基础,是制定档案管理措施的逻辑前提。当前在我国企业所有制经济结构快速调整过程中,档案权属的确立能够及时定分止争,保护权利人的档案权益,促进档案效用得到最大程度的发挥。新《档案法》沿袭了旧法的思路,规避了档案的权属立法,实施中不仅会弱化档案管理举措的实效,也与档案司法保护制度衔接不畅,难以支撑《档案法》域外适用效力的实现。因此,明确档案的权属主体原则、建立档案权属界定规则,并依托档案权属扩展档案法律的域外适用效力是档案法律制度完善的必然选择。     

Homosexuality on All My Children: Transforming the Daytime Landscape

This study explores the question of whether lesbian or gay characters can be included long-term in daytime soap operas, a television genre historically predicated on the celebration of heterosexual romance. While daytime is typically ahead of prime-time in exploring controversial issues, its representation of gay and lesbian characters lags far behind prime-time comedies and dramas. The focus of investigation is the Bianca Montgomery storyline currently airing on All My Children (ABC). Through textual analysis and analysis of interviews with daytime journalists and other industry insiders, this article explores the risks and challenges of representing homosexuality on the soaps.     

基于用户兴趣模型的电子商务网站推荐技术比较及启示

介绍用户兴趣模型、推荐系统以及协同过滤推荐技术、基于内容、基于人口统计、基于知识、基于效用、基于关联规则的推荐技术等主流推荐技术,并对六种推荐技术从应用角度进行深入比较研究,最终提出将协同过滤推荐技术、基于关联规则的推荐技术与基于效用的推荐技术综合运用的组合推荐技术的构思,认为应当构建以用户为中心、基于用户兴趣模型的推荐技术。     

基于OCC模型和LSTM模型的财经微博文本情感分类研究

为了解决财经微博文本中网民情感状态转移的时序数据分析问题,本文提出一个基于认知情感评价模型(Ortony,Clore&Collins,OCC)和长短期记忆模型(long short term memory,LSTM)的财经微博文本情感分类模型(OCC-LSTM)。基于OCC模型从网民认知角度建立情感规则,对财经微博文本进行情感标注,并作为LSTM模型进行深度学习的训练集;基于LSTM模型,使用深度学习中的TensorFlow框架和Keras模块建立相应的实验模型,进行海量微博数据情感分类,并结合13家上市公司3年的微博文本数据进行实证研究和模型验证对比。实证研究结果发现本文提出的模型取得了89.45%的准确率,高于采用传统的机器学习方式的支持向量机方法 (support vector machine,SVM)和基于深度学习的半监督RAE方法 (semi-supervised recursive auto encoder)。     

Commerce and Culture: Histories of Radio Sponsorship Yet to Be Written

Research into the roles, perspectives, and strategies of specific radio-era sponsors could provide new insights into the history of radio and American culture. I provide a brief overview of major tobacco, food, soap, and automobile sponsors and discuss the challenges of researching the role of corporations in American cultural history. With the aim of encouraging more scholarship, I suggest that analyzing radio sponsors could produce work on a variety of topics of broad interest, from the cultural history of cigarettes, promoted on dozens of tobacco-sponsored programs, to the representation of gender through sound on the Betty Crocker radio shows (1924–53).     

Gender Portrayals Across the Life Span: A Content Analytic Look at Broadcast Commercials

This study investigated the role that age plays in gender portrayals in contemporary television commercials. A content analysis of 2,315 characters appearing in commercials aired during a composite week of prime-time programming on 6 major broadcast networks was conducted. The study compared images of female participants from childhood through the senior years to identify the extent to which female members of different age groups replicate conclusions drawn about images of females-in-general in advertising. The study also contrasted images of female characters from different age groups with their same-age male counterparts to shed additional light on the complexity of gender portrayals in prime-time commercials. The findings indicate significant differences among same-age gender portrayals and same-gender age portrayals. Results are interpreted within a social cognitive theory framework and directions for future research are articulated.     

我国工业企业科技投入有效性比较研究

在将科技投入划分为人力投入和财力投入的基础上,建立系统的评价指标体系,运用C2GS2-ISS 模型对我国工业企业科技投入有效性按照不同的所有制结构进行比较分析,绘出不同经济类型的企业科技投入有效性的雁阵形态图。结果表明,不同所有制结构的工业企业科技投入的相对有效性存在较大差异,国有企业和股份有限公司投入有效性较低,中外合资企业和与港澳台商合作经营企业的投入有效性较高。     

Constructing Gender Stereotypes Through Social Roles in Prime-Time Television

Using a sample of 124 prime-time television programs airing on the 6 broadcast networks during the 2005–06 season, this study examined the social roles enacted by female and male characters. The findings confirm that female characters continue to inhabit interpersonal roles involved with romance, family, and friends. In contrast, male characters are more likely to enact work-related roles. Moreover, programs employing one or more women writers or creators are more likely to feature both female and male characters in interpersonal roles whereas programs employing all-male writers and creators are more likely to feature both female and male characters in work roles.