The Relation Between the Customer-Based Brand Equity of Media Outlets and Their Media Channel Credibility: An Exploratory Study

The Digital Video Recorder (DVR) was often considered the awaited revolution in the way people use television; however, TV recipients seem reluctant to adopt this innovation. This article suggests a new perspective in that the DVR should be interpreted as a supply-side service innovation instead of a hardware consumer innovation. Evaluating the perceived attributes of the DVR as an innovation, it turns out that the supply-side service innovation is more likely to succeed. The article discusses the possible impact of the DVR on the value chain of television and on the exploitation chain of motion picture rights. Focusing on the features of time shifting and advertising avoidance, it is shown that the relevance of broadcasters will diminish in comparison to the distributors'. Finally, the article discusses how the DVR might develop as a new profit window in the exploitation chain of motion picture rights and thereby make a lead into video distribution without a physical medium. Altogether, it is shown that the distributors will benefit more from the DVR than the recipients will, and therefore, it is indicated to change perspectives and evaluate the DVR as a supply-side innovation.     

Competition between the cable and broadcast industries: A niche analysis

The authors show that although there is increasing competition between cable television, broadcast television, and radio, broadcast television remains a strong competitor and has not yet been displaced by cable television in the advertising market. Radio still remains competitive, but not to the degree of broadcast television. The authors suggest that cable television will not rapidly overwhelm and push broadcast industries out of the market.     

Forum: Canonical correlation: Response to Wimmer

Although there has been concern about sex and violence on television since the 1950s, little is known about the determinants of public opinion concerning the regulatory response to “inappropriate” television content. Here the Annenberg National Health Communication Survey (ANHCS) is used to predict support for fining television stations for violent and sexual content from a set of precursor demographic, attitudinal, political affiliation, and television exposure variables. The results show that support for fining television stations is primarily a result of the beliefs that sex and violence on television causes sex and violence in teenagers.     

Who talks how to their kids about TV: A clarification of demographic correlates of parental mediation patterns

A random telephone survey (N = 255) of Washington state parents of children between the ages of 2 and 17 assesses parents’ reported patterns of interaction with their children regarding television, along with parental viewing habits and perceptions of television content. Demographic differences in mediation and coviewing patterns, as well as parental attitudes toward television, are explored, and explanations for these differences are considered. It is concluded that education is a weak predictor of mediation levels, single parents do not differ from dual parents in attitudes about television, and that the negative relationship of income to positive mediation and use of television as a babysitter is related more to overall viewing patterns and environmental constraints, rather than to attitudinal differences. It is suggested that demographics hold little value jar explaining why and how parents hold particular attitudes or engage in particular behaviors relevant to television and parenting.     

Internet and Television Are Not Substitutes for Seeking Political Information

Internet news consumption is growing and television news viewership is decreasing; however, online news is not a substitute for television news. This study found motives for seeking political information from television and the Internet to be information-seeking, entertainment, civic duty, and social utility. In seeking political information, audiences use Internet and television in conjunction as supplements or complements, rather than as substitutes. Multiple regression analysis showed that information-seeking and social utility predicted television use, and information-seeking and civic duty predicted Internet use.     

Television and Family Values: Was Dan Quayle Right?

In this article, we explore the extent to which heavy television viewers' beliefs about the real world are consistent with the most repetitive and overarching patterns that television presents, especially in its dramatic entertainment programs. We test the hypothesis (put forth by many besides Dan Quayle) that television encourages viewers to embrace alternatives to the traditional 2-parent family. For purposes of conceptual clarity, we chose to focus on the question of illegitimacy and single parenthood, which is most directly related to the Murphy Brown controversy and is frequently touched on in many strands of political discourse. We reviewed previous research on television portrayal of the family and then used the 1988 and 1994 General Social Surveys (Davis & Smith, 1996) to assess relations between television viewing and judgments about illegitimacy and single parenthood. The data do not contradict Quayle's contention that television viewing is contributing to fraying of traditional family values.     

Mea Maxima Culpa: John Reith and the Advent of Television

There is no doubting the influence and impact of (Lord) John Reith on the shape of British broadcasting, both radio and television. As one cultural historian argues: ‘he occupies an important place in the social and cultural history of twentieth-century Britain.’ The most commonly-accepted view in television histories is that John Reith disliked television, would have nothing to do with the medium, viewed those involved with establishing and running the BBC's television service with contempt, and refused to watch television programmes. However, drawing on both archival and secondary resources, together with Trine Syvertsen's notion of ‘media resistance’, I argue that Reith's relationship with television was far more complex than has been understood thus far and that his attitude towards the new technology was shaped by a combination of personal and professional factors.     

Correlations of Media Habits Across Time,Generations, and Media Modalities

This study investigates media uses and preferences across two generations and across television and video games. Path analyses using data from 335 families show that the number of hours of television viewed by the first generation (parents at age 30) positively predicts the amount of television use by their offspring in the second generation 18 years later, as well as their own amount of television viewing at that time. The analyses also show that the amount of video game playing among offspring is significantly related to their own as well as their parents' concurrent TV use. While there is no similar longitudinal correlation between a preference for violent television by parents at age 30 and that of their offspring 18 years later, parents' violent television preferences at age 48 are positively correlated with their offspring's concurrent preference for violent television content. Additionally, the violent television preferences of offspring are positively correlated with their own preferences for violent video games. These effects were found while controlling for SES, intellectual achievement, and offspring gender. These results suggest that the amount of time devoted to media use and preferences for violent media generalize across media modalities and are transmitted across generations.     

Sex in College Relationships: The Role Television Plays in Emerging Adults’ Sexual Expectations in Relationships

The purpose of this study was to determine whether emerging adults use relationship television to form their expectations for sexual interaction in romantic relationships. Considering emerging adulthood is a unique period of development providing opportunities to experiment with adult identities, and relationship television contains multiple consistent messages about gender roles in sexual relationships, we questioned whether emerging adults’ relationship television viewing may be related to their sexual expectations in relationships. Our findings indicated women's relationship television viewing was associated with expecting more sexual interaction in their relationship. Men's sexual expectations were moderated by perceived realism. Men who watched more relationship television, and perceived that television to be less realistic, reported expecting less frequent sexual interaction.     

Feeling Connected via Television Viewing: Exploring the Scale and Its Correlates

Contextualized in television program viewing, the current study seeks to develop a new scale that captures individuals' feelings of being connected to others via media consumption. Literature on general human motivation and media consumption motivation sheds light on social relatedness in television experiences. Data suggest a three-factor structure of the focal concept of feeling connected via television viewing (FCTV): (1) a perception of shared viewing among one's immediate social circle and anticipation of subsequent communication as aided by television programs, (2) a sense of global community enhanced by shared television experiences, and (3) communication with distant unknown others. A stronger sense of FCTV predicts a greater tendency for an individual to watch a program when it is first released, and to watch it together with one's friends, as well as a higher level of general involvement with television. Further, we differentiate the focal concept of feeling connected to other television viewers via television viewing from the related concept of parasocial interaction with television characters. Relative to parasocial interaction, FCTV better predicts collective viewing and first-run viewing.     

Credibility of Radio News

This study used a statewide sample of 400 Alabama residents to analyze the relative credibility of local radio news, as compared to local television and local radio. The results indicated that local radio news has a level of credibility that is lower than that of local television, but is comparable to that of local newspapers. This finding confirms previous studies that have noted that media consumers tend to have a higher regard for television than any other news medium, but this difference was not as dramatic as those reported by studies that have used forced-choice questions. Local television is indeed more credible than local radio news, but not dramatically so.     

Exemplars as Argumentative Strategy in Broadcast News: Analyzing the Case of Chile

ABSTRACT

On television news, exemplification is almost inevitable, as newscast cannot represent reality but through a particular object that is caught on camera: the only way to signify something abstract on television is precisely through a concrete particularity. The present study analyzes the main stories in a sample of national broadcast news in Chile, where broadcast news remains the most important source of information. Based on a content analysis, results show that particular case reports are widespread in Chilean television news, especially in hard news stories about the economy and crime. They also further evidence on the homogenization of television coverage between commercially run private and public broadcasters. Findings are linked to past research in the Latin American theoretical tradition that underscores the relevance of vivid and emotional representation on television.     

欧洲理事会与欧盟的广播电视政策法规

针对传播技术的进步、广播电视业经营与市场的变化 ,欧洲理事会与欧盟为规范欧洲范围内的广播电视 ,制定了一系列指导性法规文件 ,力图构建全欧统一的信息与思想交流平台、统一的广播电视业市场 ,推广“欧洲意识” ,抵制美国影视业的“入侵”。这种全方位的法规管理框架对欧洲广播电视业的发展起着越来越重要的作用     

The thrust of the mob and the media

Children from ages 4 to 9 watched segments from Sesame Street and answered questions about television reality. Factor analysis produced three reality dimensions: (a) Sesame Street really exists, (b) television characters can see and hear us, and (c) what you see is inside the television set. For preschoolers, age was the most important variable in regard to television reality. There were other background variables for older children: Children from working‐class backgrounds were more apt to believe that television characters can see and hear us and that they reside inside the television set than their middle‐ and upper‐class age peers.     

Cohort Trends in Media Use in the United States

In this study, I replicate recent research conducted in Germany (Peiser, 1996) on differential effects of television on birth cohorts' media use in the first 2 decades after the diffusion of television. Cohort analyses of television viewing, attitude toward television, and newspaper reading were conducted using secondary data from the corresponding decades in the United States. Unlike in Germany, the American television generation apparently developed a closer relation with television than the preceding cohorts. As in Germany, newspaper reading was lower among the younger cohorts. The study's results point to a displacement process in the United States, and they suggest that the effects of growing up with television may depend on a country's television system.     

Expanding the Unidirectional View on Parental Television Mediation: Children’s Guidance of Their Parent’s Television Use

Compared to parental mediation research, much less is known about how children influence and guide their parents’ media use. This study examined whether children also mediate the television use of their parents. Measures of an existing television mediation scale were reversed to the perspective of the child guiding the parent’s television use. A sample of 187 parent-child dyads completed a cross-sectional survey in Flanders (Belgium). Factor analyses showed that the original subscales were reproduced with high internal validity. Both parents and children had congruent views about children’s television mediation; television mediation and children's restrictive mediation was positively associated with conflict in the family.     

Competition in Danish Television News

We studied competitive behavior within Danish network television news to determine differences between broadcasts of the government-funded, public network and the commercially funded, private network. Denmark offers a unique opportunity to study the effect of competition and commercialism on national television news broadcasts because the country had a state monopoly television network until 1988, when a commercial network was introduced. Results reveal there is differentiation between the news broadcasts, but we argue that competition has not had deleterious effects on content but, conversely, has resulted in improvements in the content of state television.     

Emotion Trumps Attention: Using Prepulse Startle Probe Methodology to Assess Cognitive Processing of Television

The evoked startle reflex (SR) has proven effective in measuring attention to simple stimuli; however, an initial investigation of the SR during television viewing found that emotion dominated the responses. This article reports an experiment that paired the acoustic startle probe with a sub-startle threshold acoustic prepulse. The interval between these two acoustic stimuli was varied while participants watched emotional television. When a startle probe closely follows the prepulse (< 500 ms), the SR is attenuated (known as prepulse inhibition). Previous work with simple stimuli demonstrated that at short intervals, the degree of inhibition indexes attention, and at longer intervals, the SR indexes emotion. Current data show a strong effect for emotion and for prepulse inhibition, but there is no evidence of attentional modulation during television viewing. SRs were largest during unpleasant scenes at every interval, which accords with the emotion-driven pattern. This replicates previous findings suggesting that startle probe methodology is a reliable measure of emotional responding to television. However, unlike simple stimuli, the SR appears not to index attention to television. The larger effect of emotion corresponds with past work suggesting that emotional responses to television are greater in magnitude than those to affective pictures.     

'Your Life in Their Hands': The context of a medical-media controversy

The establishment of Finnish television in the mid-1950s was heavily affected by the cold war politics. Both the Soviet Union and the United States were interested in the development of the Finnish television. Regular television transmissions were started by a commercial television station called TES-TV which was balancing between eastern and western interests. The Soviet attempts to interfere with the station were rejected, while the help from the United States was warmly welcomed. Thus the term Finlandization does not apply the early years of the Finnish commercial television. My main argument is that TES-TV became a site of balancing between East and West and, as such, symbolizes, Finland's role in the cold war. My analysis covers the launching of the company and its programming in 1956–1964. The empirical material draws mainly on archival material which is completed by interviews and the TV pages and articles published in a radio and television magazine.