中美网络高等教育宏观结构的比较与分析

本文通过对学生规模、开展院校、教育层次和学科门类等方面的数据分析与对比,透视中关网络高等教育在宏观结构上的异同.研究发现,网络教育均已成为中美高等教育的重要组成部分,且在学科分布上具有某些相似性;同时中美两国在很多方面存在较明显差异,包括美国高校网络教育参与度高于我国,而我国校均网络教育规模远远大于美国;校园学生选修网络课程是美国网络高等教育的重要部分,而我国网络课程只作为传统校园学生学习的辅助资源,尚不能通过选修来获得相应学分;美国硕士层次网络教育已有一定发展,而我国网络教育基本不提供研究生层次学历教育等.本文认为,这些差异主要源于中美在网络高等教育认识上、制度上及发展模式上的不同,此外也受到高等教育整体环境与发展阶段、学分转移及跨校选课机制等因素的影响.     

Research on Webbed Connectivity in a Web-Based Learning Environment: Online Social Work Education

This paper describes the preliminary data and analysis of how students in an online MSW program perceive their experiences, interactions, and responses to learning structure, material, and technology in the Web environment. The student perceptions, which have been used to refine the online program, highlight how important it is to students to feel a personal or webbed connection to faculty and other students in the Web environment. Rather than being a cold, sterile learning environment, the online learning world appears to be one that encourages professional webbed connectivity and relationship building.     

Establishing a Community of Inquiry through Hybrid Courses in Clinical Social Work Education

Utilizing the conceptual framework of Garrison, Anderson, and Archer for critical inquiry, this paper outlines the importance of the community of inquiry (COI) model and how it may inform online social work education. Integrating the COI model, we discuss how online learning in the classroom with a hybrid approach has been used to facilitate critical reflection and discourse. To illustrate this approach, we provide two case examples from clinical courses taught in an MSW program.     

What drives students to complete online courses? What drives faculty to teach online? Validating a measure of motivation orientation in university students and faculty

Although online student enrollment has shown double digit growth for almost a decade and academic leaders recognize that online education is necessary for enrollment growth, little is known about what motivates students to enroll in or faculty to teach face-to-face (F2F) versus online courses. The psychometric properties of a motivation scale were examined with students (n = 235) and faculty (n = 104) at a large, public, urban university in the southeastern USA. Analyses revealed that the scale was reliable as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for online and F2F courses were similarly constructed for students and faculty; additionally, results revealed that motivations for online and F2F education are distinct concepts. Findings also demonstrated that online extrinsic motivation predicted the number of online courses students completed, while F2F intrinsic motivation negatively predicted the number of online courses a faculty member had taught. These results address several limitations with existing motivation measures and enhance the ability to predict student and faculty outcomes in online education.     

Designing for Quality: Distance Education Rubrics for Online MSW Programs

ABSTRACT

There has been a rapid increase in the number of online MSW programs in the past decade without a commensurate body of literature on their administration. This article acquaints MSW program faculty and administrators with quality assurance rubrics, which are research-informed tools intended for use by distance education providers to develop, support and manage high quality online courses and programs. Graduate programs that are in the process of considering or actually designing an online delivery option, as well as those that are currently implementing online programs, may benefit from the use of such quality assurance rubrics.     

"优惠政策"与"预留政策"——民族公平视域下的中、印高等教育招生政策比较

中国高等教育招生民族优惠政策和印度高等教育招生预留政策,体现了两国政府在追求高等教育民族公平方面所做出的积极努力。本文分析了两者所基于的不同历史传统和现实国情,论述和比较了它们的发展演变、主要特征以及当前面临的问题,着重指出中国高等教育招生民族优惠政策面临的核心问题是促进经济社会和教育发展的地区平衡,而印度高等教育招生预留政策面临的核心问题则是处理好不同利益集团之间的政治平衡。     

Human Service Administrator Perceptions of Online MSW Degree Programs

Online programs have proliferated rapidly in higher education, and this reality holds true for social work education as well. Employing a mixed methods design, this study looked at employer perceptions of online degrees compared to traditional degrees. Data was collected through an online survey that included Likert type and open-ended questions assessing employer attitudes and hiring practices regarding individuals who possess online MSW degrees. Results suggest that a majority of social service administrators believe traditional MSW degrees are preferable to those attained online, especially with respect to clinical training. These findings have significant implications for online MSW programs and graduates with online degrees.     

肯定性行动计划与美国少数民族高等教育的发展

肯定性行动计划是美国政府为了消除就业和教育等领域的种族和性别歧视，20世纪60年代中期以来实施的政策。行动计划要求高等学校在录取新生时对少数民族给予优待，通过设立特别招生计划，降低录取标准，增加招生比例，加大财政资助，加强补习教育，聘用少数民族教师，开设少数民族研究课程，改善少数民族学生的学习环境，极大地推动了美国少数民族高等教育的发展。但是，肯定性行动计划并没有从根本上改变少数民族受歧视的地位。近年来，否定肯定性行动计划的行动给美国少数民族高等教育的发展教育的发展带来了灾难性后果，美国少数民族高等教育将会出现严重的倒退。     

院校研究与质量保证——以美国高等教育为例

自从20世纪80年代的"里根改革"以来,美国高校的成本越来越多地要由学生及其家庭而不是政府分担,使得人们愈益关注投资高等教育的收益。因此,美国高等教育质量倍受社会公众的关注。院校研究在高等教育质量保证方面具有积极的促进作用。它为高校能够对外部的报告、认证、项目审批,以及内部项目评议和专项研究等方面的社会问责做出说明,同时也在学生学习评估、教师行为分析以及学籍管理三方面发挥了关键作用。     

高职扩招的探索与思考——以天津市为例

2019年全国启动了高职院校百万扩招工作,这给职业教育的发展带来机遇的同时,也带来了挑战。此次扩招工作中,天津市结合当前招生现状,在分析了潜在生源后,从组织领导、方案规划实施、考试组织形式、选拔时间选择、学习管理改革等方面多举措推动扩招工作。未来,还需从办学教学、学生培养与管理、对接就业需求、严格招生监管等方面促进职业教育协同发展。     

以人为本突出特色——电脑艺术设计专业成人教育面临的挑战与回应

我院电脑艺术设计专业成人教育在全日制普通高等院校扩大招生规模和“艺考热”的双重压力之下，遭遇到前所未有的发展瓶颈。坚持“以人为本”，突出学科特色，积极调整教学体系，因材施教．面向市场，努力创建新的切实可行的成人艺术教育模式势在必行。     

网络环境下利用讨论来促进批判性思维发展的研究

本文主要讨论马歇尔大学在网络环境中如何应用讨论工具来促进批判性思维的发展.在高等教育中发展批判性思维的重要作用已经得到了各国及其学校的重视.本研究以马歇尔大学研究生院教育与专业发展专业所开设的英语为第二语言的一些课程为对象,分析了讨论法在这些课程中培养批判性思维的状况.在开展本研究的那个学期末,研究者编制了一份问卷,调查这种讨论法实施的效果,以及对这种方法加以改善的可能性.问卷随后被分发给三个班的所有学生,他们都来自西佛吉尼亚州的中小学教师.在21个被调查的学生中,15人全部回答了问卷所提出三个问题.结果显示,几乎所有的被调查者都认为,讨论对促进学习和批判性思维有帮助.大部分学生赞成教师参与网上讨论,教师参与讨论的作用是在发展批判性思维中担当帮助者的角色.     

我国博士生招生方式改革探析

博士生教育是国家培养创新型高层次人才的重要途径,招生选拔是博士生教育的起点,关系着博士生教育质量的高低。改革开放以来,我国博士生招生选拔方式经过不断改革发展,已初步形成较为有效的选拔模式,文章借助历史-实践-理论的分析框架,通过分析博士生招生方式改革发展的历史逻辑、服务国家经济社会发展的实践逻辑、实现人才有效选拔的理论逻辑,指出"去笔试化"已成为博士生招生方式改革的发展趋势,有助于国家创新型人才的有效选拔。     

“双一流”大学招生倾斜政策下弱势学生发展的追踪研究

倾斜性招生政策是近年来我国面向贫困地区弱势学生实施的重要举措。使用国内某“双一流”大学追踪调查数据,分析国家专项与高校专项两类学生的在学发展情况。研究发现,两类专项学生受惠于倾斜性招生政策得以被录取,尽管高考成绩显著更低,但在各类能力自评得分方面没有劣势。不过,进入大学后,国家专项学生在自我认知方面和高校专项学生在批判性思维发展方面的自评得分均存在显著劣势。此外,高校专项学生入学时的毅力优势也在大三消失。在学业成绩方面,受学业基础较差影响,两类专项学生大一课业成绩显著偏低,且均在人文学科方面表现不佳。国家专项学生所获得的高考降分越多,大一挂科率和挂科数均显著越高,平均成绩显著越低,且在人文学科中尤为明显。研究认为,“双一流”高校在制定和实施国家专项招生政策时,应根据各自往年生源情况科学分配各学科专项招生名额,给予专项生更多的志愿填报指导,尝试放宽专项生转专业限制,并为专项生提供富有针对性的发展支持,在保障弱势学生入学机会的同时,更好地促进其在大学期间的良性发展。     

Facilitating student learning in distance education: a case study on the development and implementation of a multifaceted feedback system

This paper reports on a case study conducted in an American university investigating the role of feedback within a distance education environment. Based on data gathered from online and hybrid undergraduate students in a teacher education program and supported by existing research, we describe how we support online learners by implementing a feedback system that incorporates multi-draft formative assessments and various feedback strategies. We describe these strategies (i.e. explicit feedback directions and feedback surveys) as well as data from formative assessments to demonstrate the impact of clear expectations and feedback on student performance in distance education. We present recommendations for online feedback and propose a feedback model for further study.     

高职院校服务质量实证研究——以我国27个省、市、自治区高职院校应届毕业生抽样调查为例

根据用户满意度理论和利益相关者理论,编制"学生评价高等职业教育服务质量评量表",并对我国27个省、市、自治区28所高职院校应届毕业生进行在线抽样调查。结果显示,学生的总体满意度较低,为74分,期望值为81.4分,满意度与期望值的差距值为7.36分;学生对"关心学生"、"入学与学籍管理"、"收费"、"校园安全"评价较高;对"学校生活环境"、"实践教学"与"就业服务"评价较低。研究发现,学生评价结果与人才培养水平评估结果、与学校是否是示范性学校关系不密切,与教师、学校管理人员的评价也不同;加强对学生的学习与实践指导、密切校企合作、提高选修课程比例和创造更舒适的校园生活环境是改进高职院校服务质量的优先事项。     

MSW Students’ Perceptions of Relevance and Application of Statistics: Implications for Field Education

Many social work students feel anxious when taking a statistics course. Their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors after learning statistics are less known. However, such information could help instructors support students’ ongoing development of statistical knowledge. With a sample of MSW students (N = 101) in one program, this study examined students’ feelings of anxiety and confidence, beliefs about the relevance of statistics to their education and practice, and the relationship of these attitudes and beliefs to their actual statistical competence. The findings indicate that repeated exposure to statistics supports the development of statistical competence, particularly in relevant applied contexts like field education.     

韩国大学自主招生改革研究

韩国大学招生经历了大学单独考试、大学入学预备考试、大学入学学力考查、大学修学能力考试、考试分数等级与中学手册等综合评定录取等一系列自主招生改革.在统一高考的基础上,由政府调控和监督,各大学采取灵活多样的自主招生录取办法.韩国大学自主招生制度经过多次改革更加科学完善,体现出多样化、综合化等特征,高等院校充分享有大学招生的自主权,十分有利于学生个性发展和中学素质教育.大学自主招生改革正在为韩国高等教育的跨越式发展起着积极的作用,也为中国高校自主招生改革提供了很好的借鉴.     

Distance and Online Social Work Education: Novel Ethical Challenges

Digital technology has transformed social work education. Today's students can take individual courses and earn an entire degree without ever meeting their faculty members in person. Technological innovations such as videoconferencing, live online chat, asynchronous podcasts, and webinars enable social work educators to reach students whose personal circumstances and geographical locations make it difficult for them to attend school in person. This paper highlights complex ethical issues associated with the proliferation of digital and online social work education. Key ethical issues concern student access; course and degree program quality and integrity; academic honesty and gatekeeping; and privacy and surveillance.     

成人高等教育招生考试制度改革背景探析——以北京地区为例

北京地区成人高等教育为推动首都经济社会发展做出了重要的贡献,然而近年来由于招生考试制度中存在的问题,严重制约了首都成人高等教育的可持续发展。在新的历史时期,国家和首都地区发展规划、北京经济社会发展及成人高等教育发展状况都对北京地区成人高等教育招生考试制度的改革提出了迫切的要求。因此,北京地区成人高等教育招生考试制度改革势在必行。