Commercial ethnicity: Language,class and race in the marketing of the hispanic audience

This essay examines the historical construction of the Hispanic audience and analyzes how contemporary Hispanic audience researchers/marketers have disrupted that unitary, essentialist construction by segmenting the Hispanic audience by class. The principal tool in this effort is language: the Spanish language is proxy for the “mass” of lower socioeconomic class Hispanic audience; English language usage by Hispanics is the sign of a higher class of Hispanic audience. The clearly defined panethnic conceptualization of the Hispanic audience, the nexus of which is the Spanish language, has been blurred. The study draws on interviews with Hispanic media marketers and audience researchers and on analysis of Hispanic market research reports.     

Latino students and the academic library: A primer for action

As the growth in Latino college enrollment is expected to continue for years to come, academic libraries at Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) and beyond will be serving increasing numbers of Hispanic students. Since Latino educational attainment remains lower than of other groups and academic libraries' impact on retention, GPA and related educational outcomes has been well documented, it is crucial that academic libraries actively foster Latino students' success. A review of the literature on Hispanic students and library use, the article also includes recommendations for practice and offers a local example to illustrate strategies libraries may implement to better meet the educational needs of Hispanic students.     

Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Hispanic Youth: A Study of Communication Patterns,Functional Fitness,and Psychological Health

This study examined the role of communication in the adaptation of Hispanic youth to the dominant cultural values and practices embodied in US American public schools. Seven hypotheses predicted positive interrelationships among four theoretical constructs identified in Y. Y. Kim's integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation: host communication competence, host interpersonal communication, psychological health, and functional fitness. Structured, closed-ended questions were administered in face-to-face interviews with 112 Hispanic adolescents in the upper Midwestern United States. Structural equation modeling results supported all seven hypotheses, indicating Hispanic youth with greater host communication competence were more actively engaged in host interpersonal communication and enjoyed greater psychological health and functional fitness with respect to US public schools and the larger US society.     

The State of Spanish-Language Radio

This study focused on the ownership, programming, and competition patterns of Spanish-language radio stations in the top 50 Hispanic metropolitan areas. Data were collected from industry resources and measured a variety of variables, including ownership type, concentration, and format diversity in these Hispanic radio markets. Overall, the results indicated moderate levels of ownership concentration in these markets, a degree of format differentiation within the local Spanish-language radio industry, and some degree of competition among Spanish-language radio stations.     

College students’ perceptions of television portrayals of Hispanics

Based on questionnaire responses from 381 undergraduate students, this study sought to examine perceptions of Hispanics on television. Results revealed that college students perceive Hispanics portrayals on television are mainly stereotypical and often highlight negative perceptions (e.g., lazy and ill-tempered). Students regarded Hispanics to be hardworking and to prioritize culture. Perceptions of Hispanic men were mainly controlling figures and Hispanic women were mostly caretaking characters. These findings suggest that television can affect the way college students view and possibly communicate with Hispanics.     

IMAGINARY DARKROOM

What are the current working conditions and future prospects of Latino journalists working for any type of news media outlet? This question has not been addressed in any national study since Federico Subervi's 2004 research on behalf of the National Association of Hispanic Journalists. This paper revisits the same subject matter seven years after (2011) the original work was produced, updating the figures and expanding the study by incorporating Latino journalists working for ethnic media, as well as those working for general market media. The results indicate that the dominant “motivation” factors present in 2011 that influenced US Latino journalists' job attitudes were work itself, advancement, and growth. The leading “hygiene” factors that influenced US Latino journalists' job attitudes were salary and relations with peers. Survey respondents agreed that opportunities to obtain professional training would significantly increase the likelihood of keeping their job and their preference for a training topic was digital/multimedia reporting. Journalists suggested three elements to assure a better coverage of the Latino community—a Hispanic/Latino supervisor, an educated supervisor, and media owned by Hispanic/Latino person/family. Additionally, news staff feel underpaid and dissatisfied with promotion opportunities as well as opportunities to increase their salary. They have felt job discrimination based on race.     

国外图书馆针对少数族群的多元文化服务——以美国和加拿大图书馆为例

作为移民人口众多的国家,美国和加拿大在阅读文化建设中是如何服务来自世界各地的移民群体,帮助他们尽快融入当地社会的。从这一问题出发,文章在了解美国图书馆协会制定的相关服务策略和指导原则的基础上,分别以美国阿拉巴马州公共图书馆对拉美裔读者的服务和加拿大魁北克公共图书馆对移民的服务为个例,介绍并分析了这两个国家图书馆针对少数族群的多元文化服务举措。     

A dream deferred: The failed fantasy of Norman Lear's a.k.a. Pablo

Norman Lear's return to commercial network television in 1983 after an absence of five years resulted in the first prime time series about and starring Hispanic‐Americans. The lack of a coherent and sustained rhetorical vision resulted in the failure of the series. This essay uses fantasy theme analysis to examine the series’ narrative and production discourse and suggests how Pablo might have achieved success.     

Makeover TV: Selfhood,Citizenship, and Celebrity

A survey conducted in McAllen, Texas, a largely Hispanic area, examined whether exposure to Spanish-language cable news had an agenda-setting effect. Results show that level of exposure was associated with agenda-setting effects for Spanish cable news, but perceived media credibility and media reliance were not related to the strength of agenda-setting effects. Exposure, credibility, and reliance were also not associated with agenda- setting effects for English-language newscasts-perhaps because English speakers had more news options in the survey area.     

A New Approach to Health Literacy: Working with Spanish Speaking Community Health Workers

This case study describes the integration of pop culture, music, and scenarios into a consumer health curriculum for community health workers (CHW)/Promotoras De Salud of Hispanic/Latino decent. The class goal is to ensure that participants learn about reliable health resources and how to use them when reaching out to their clientele. This interactive approach to teaching consumer health information was something that evolved after teaching this topic for many years and finding the need to reach the CHW population and enhance their learning experience of health information.     

A Simple Step: Integrating Library Reference and Instruction into Previously Established Academic Programs for Minority Students

Nationally, universities fail to retain African-American, Hispanic, and Native-American students at the same rate as White students. In recent studies, libraries were shown as one of the only campus facilities that positively impacted minority student retention. Partnerships between the library and Minority Student Affairs programs can produce effective results for both minority students and university libraries. Federally funded, targeted academic summer programs such as the Ronald E. McNairs Scholars Program, the Summer Research Opportunities Program, and the Upward Bound Program provide academic libraries with an ideal foundation to offer reference and instruction services to minority students.     

Communicating a “New” Environmental Vernacular: A Sense of Relations-in-Place

This study focuses on communication as a lens and tool for reinvigorating and empowering marginalized cultural environmental relations. We use a community-based cultural approach to identify a core Hispanic premise of a sense of relations-in-place. This premise constitutes nature as a socially integrated space that provides the grounding for human relations, and differs from dominant Western discourses that constitute nature as an entity separate from humans. The study's interpretation of a more integrated orientation to environment has the potential to inform wider alternative ecocultural discourses and applications that are more inclusive, and perhaps more sustainable.     

Consumer health services and collections for Hispanics: an introduction

Hispanics are the fastest growing minority population in the United States today. Providing health information services to Hispanic patients and their family members can be challenging because of diversity. Library staff should be familiar with the specific health care needs and sociocultural characteristics of Hispanics. This article discusses the movement toward providing culturally competent health care and identifies socioeconomic challenges and barriers to health care faced by Hispanics. Suggestions are offered for communicating with this group in the reference setting, and a selective bibliography of Internet consumer health resources available in both Spanish and English is provided.     

The Nazi party speaker system (Rednerwesen der NSDAP.)

Our analysis of Anglo American, Native American, and Hispanic adolescents confirms several predictions derived from a cognitive‐functional theory of television's socialization effects. The major predictions that learning and functionality evaluations of observed values lead to acceptance were supported for each of the three ethnic groups. As the theory predicts, adolescents accepted values observed in television when they recognized them (a measure of learning) and when they evaluated the values to be important in “being successful” in the United States (a measure of functionality). Perceived realism of television and total television exposure did not predict value acceptance.     

Are virtual reference services color blind?

This study reports an experiment that examines whether librarians provide equitable virtual reference services to diverse user groups. The relative absence of social cues in the virtual environment may mean greater equality of services though at the same time greater inequalities may arise as librarians can become less self-aware online. Findings indicate that the quality of service librarians provide to African Americans and Arabs is lower than the quality of service they provide to Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian, and Jewish students. This study adds to the knowledge of subjective bias in the virtual environment by specifying those that are discriminated against online, identifying the kinds of discriminatory actions of virtual reference librarians, and identifying the type of queries that more frequently result in unbiased service.     

Are virtual reference services color blind?

This study reports an experiment that examines whether librarians provide equitable virtual reference services to diverse user groups. The relative absence of social cues in the virtual environment may mean greater equality of services though at the same time greater inequalities may arise as librarians can become less self-aware online. Findings indicate that the quality of service librarians provide to African Americans and Arabs is lower than the quality of service they provide to Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian, and Jewish students. This study adds to the knowledge of subjective bias in the virtual environment by specifying those that are discriminated against online, identifying the kinds of discriminatory actions of virtual reference librarians, and identifying the type of queries that more frequently result in unbiased service.     

Establishing a Selection Process Model for an Ethnic Collection in a Prison Library

This paper focuses on the progressive development of collections in prison libraries and a contemporary selection process used by two inmate/library assistants to develop the Hispanic and Africana Ethnic Collections in the library at Greenhaven Correctional Facility, Stormville, New York. the two library assistants were interviewed and discussed the selection process they use to develop their respective ethnic collections. A selection process model created by Phyllis Van Orden * for the development of ethnic collections was used as the control model. The information obtained during the interviews was evaluated by the interviewer and a new selection process model was developed. This new model provides a pragmatic approach to the selection process used to develop ethnic collections in prison libraries.     

The Moral Judgment of Minority Journalists: Evidence From Asian American,Black, and Hispanic Professional Journalists

This study used three controlled experiments to investigate the effects of a story subject's race on the moral judgment of Asian American, Hispanic, and Black professional journalists by changing only the race of the news subjects in photographs. Contrary to what in-group and identification theories would predict, minority journalists did not show preference to story subjects of their own race, nor did they show bias toward story subjects of other races; instead they treated all races as equals. Empathy was also found to be positively and significantly related to moral judgment in two of the three samples; as compassion, caring, and putting oneself in the role of the other increased, so did moral judgment scores. Expansions to theory and improvements to journalistic practice are discussed.     

科技博物馆学习对学生科学课成绩影响的研究

实地参观是博物馆学习中的一种常见且重要的形式。到科技博物馆实地参观,被许多中小学作为校内科学课学习的补充。美国研究人员以纽约市8年级学生为研究对象,通过分析2007—2012年学生去科技博物馆参观的情况和学生们在州级标准化测试中科学科目成绩数据之间的关系研究发现:实地参观体验对于8年级学生的科学课成绩有一定的积极影响,特别是对西班牙裔学生和享受免费午餐的学生有更大影响。这一基于观众调查和大量数据分析的研究内容、数据分析过程及其研究结果等,对我国的相关研究及博物馆实践都具有启发意义。