Reality Television Programming and Diverging Gratifications: The Influence of Content on Gratifications Obtained

The study explores how competition-based reality shows with different thematic content influence gratifications obtained by viewers. Participants completed surveys regarding their reasons for watching reality programs in general and their reasons for watching specific reality shows (The Apprentice, The Bachelor/Bachelorette, and Survivor). Results identified a new gratification dimension not previously observed in other gratifications research (personal utility), and that correlations exist between the specific content of reality-based programs and the gratifications obtained by the viewers.     

Surviving Survivor: A Content Analysis of Antisocial Behavior and Its Context in a Popular Reality Television Show

The scope and nature of reality television has changed since researchers last conducted a content analysis of the antisocial behavior for this type of programming. This study examines the content of seven seasons of Survivor, one of America's longest running reality television programs, to determine the types, frequency, and context of antisocial behavior presented in the series as well as the possible effects of the program on longtime viewers using social learning and cultivation theories. In the 76.4 hours of programming analyzed for this study, 4,207 antisocial acts were documented in the coding database. Indirect aggression and verbal aggression were found to be the most frequently occurring types of antisocial behavior. The number (4,207) and the rate (45.7 acts per hour) of antisocial acts in the seven seasons of Survivor analyzed in this study is higher than the findings of a previous study of antisocial behavior in reality-based television conducted in 1997. This study clearly demonstrates that longtime viewers of Survivor get a higher dose of antisocial behavior than did regular viewers of news programming and other reality-based programs that aired slightly more than 10 years ago.     

An Exploratory Study of Reality Appeal: Uses and Gratifications of Reality TV Shows

A survey administered to reality TV viewers revealed that the most salient motives for watching reality TV were habitual pass time and reality entertainment. Additional analysis indicated that those who enjoyed reality TV the most for its entertainment and relaxing value also tended to perceive the meticulously edited and frequently preplanned content of reality interaction as realistic. Concurrently those externally controlled, with low mobility and low levels of interpersonal interaction, were more likely to watch reality TV programming to fulfill voyeuristic and companionship needs. Functional alternative uses of reality TV and the appeal of realistic programming were documented.     

Media Ownership Regulations and Local News Programming on Broadcast Television: An Empirical Analysis

This study analyzes the provision of local news programming on local television and its relation with station ownership characteristics and market conditions. The results show that station financial strength and market competition have a significant, positive relation with the quantity of local news programming. However, there is little evidence that ownership characteristics (e.g., duopoly ownership and ownership by one of the big 4 broadcast networks) contribute to local news production. The findings call into question one of the underlying rationales of the Federal Communication Commission's current policies toward more relaxed national and multiple ownership rules.     

呼吁现实和价值的回归

本文认为巴尔特的结构主义“层次理论”对我国的文艺学等学科的建设都起到了很大的推动作用,但长期以来我们往往比较注重吸收而缺乏有效的批判,从而失去了“洋为中用”的根本意义。本文认为其“层次理论”虽然具有动态的立体式的结构特色以及反传统的历史意义;然由于结构主义的本体论倾向,使得它在戳穿现实神话时却产生了与社会的绝缘,在戳穿意识形态神话时却拒绝了个人的价值,从而使“层次理论”成了一种封闭的结构游戏;本文试图通过对这一理论的批判,希望为如何正确对待西方理论起到一种抛砖引玉的作用。     

Agenda-Setting Through the Television Programming Schedule: An Examination of Major League Baseball on Fox

The core concept of the agenda-setting theoretical model is the transfer of topic salience from the media agenda to the public agenda. Sports leagues need to have their games properly positioned in the television programming schedule to assist their transfer of salience effort and help maximize their national popularity. A sports television programming schedule can be improved with an understanding of the fundamental structural and individual factors that influence audience media exposure. This article contends that the Major League Baseball on Fox programming schedule can be improved through three suggestions: (1) increasing exposure by having more games on the Fox over-the-air broadcast channel that is available in approximately 32 million more households than the Fox Sports One cable channel; (2) having games at a consistent placement in the programming schedule to increase viewers’ awareness and enhance that program and channel being a part of their repertoire to capitalize on their initial ritualized viewing; and (3) allowing all Major League Baseball teams to appear more often on Fox and Fox Sports One, eliminating regionalized broadcasts, and implementing a flexible schedule to provide more meaningful game matchups to capitalize on the audience’s advanced degree of instrumental viewing.     

Depictions of Gender on Primetime Television: A Quantitative Content Analysis

To document current portrayals of women and men on primetime television, a quantitative content analysis was conducted. A 1-week composite of primetime television programming across 9 broadcast and cable networks was randomly sampled, yielding 89 programs and 1,254 characters. Consistent with prior findings, women were significantly underrepresented on primetime TV when compared with men. Analyses examined representations of gender in the realms of occupation, aggression, sexualization, and stereotypically masculine and feminine attributes, with comparisons drawn across different age groups. Contrary to popular belief, these findings suggest that the current state of primetime television does not represent a “golden age” for women. Although it appears that some gender stereotypes have declined when compared to previous decades, others (e.g., dominant men, sexually provocative women) have persisted. Implications are discussed in terms of cultivation and social cognitive theories.     

Television Doctors: An Analysis of Physicians in Fictional and Non-Fictional Television Programs

Although fictional television traditionally has portrayed doctors positively, recent fictional programming appears to portray physicians in a less positive manner. It has also been suggested that these images may conflict with depictions of doctors found on non-fictional television. A content analysis conducted here indicates that television's physician portrayals are less positive than they were in 1992, contemporary genres differ in their physician depictions, and television's doctor portrayals do not differ according to sex or race.     

多元诉求共生:传媒组织绩效评价维度分析

传媒组织绩效评价以组织价值最大化为价值取向。本文基于传媒组织本质属性、组织战略目标,运用共生理论与方法,考量传媒组织利益相关者对组织的需求与期待,从影响力、责任力、财务力三个方面构建传媒组织三维绩效评价框架,以更客观真实地反映传媒组织绩效评价的有效性。     

In Defense of Gaydar: Reality Television and the Politics of the Glance

The reality dating programs Boy Meets Boy and Playing It Straight purported to illustrate the elusiveness of performing sexual orientation in a culture that increasingly understands sexuality as fluid. By highlighting stereotypes typically associated with both gay and straight men, the shows exposed the difficulties of determining sexual orientation with “gaydar”. Both gay and straight participants were represented as equally incapacitated to identify sexual orientation. In doing so, the programs sought to advance liberal democratic conceptions of tolerance and equality. Employing Foucault's conception of the “glance,” I explore the problems inherent in relocating “gaydar” to the small screen.     

知识转移及其相关概念辨析

知识转移是在受控环境中实现知识从拥有者到接受者的传播,缩小人类个体或组织之间的知识差距,并促进人类共同发展的过程。知识转移是一个特殊的知识传播过程,是在受控环境中进行的,其根本作用是缩小人类个体或组织之间的知识差距并促进人类的共同发展。虽然知识转移、知识扩散和知识共享都是知识传播的特殊类型,但三者在概念的内涵与外延上存在一定差异。     

Sex,Love, and Risk-n-Responsibility: A Content Analysis of Entertainment Television

This study documents the extent of sexual content, including sexual health content, in scenes with and without expressions of love on network and cable television popular with emerging adults. Sexual talk and/or behavior was found in 20% of all television scenes coded across 53.5 hours of programming. One third of these scenes featured sex alongside expressions of love. An additional 10% of scenes suggested love but not sex. Coded as a separate category, 25% of analyzed scenes contained a passing joke or pun referencing sexual organs, making these nonspecific, comedic one-liners the predominant reference to sex in this sample. Beyond jokes, most of the sexual or loving talk in this sample consisted of expressing a romantic interest in someone; sex- and love-related behaviors largely consisted of kissing or flirting. Very few scenes specifically referenced sexual intercourse. Sexual health messages were also rare. The majority of scenes mentioning any health consequence (7% of analyzed scenes) concerned emotional heartache. One scene mentioned sexually transmitted infections; 12 of the nearly 2,600 scenes coded mentioned condoms or contraceptives. It is thus a challenging proposition to build upon existing sexual depictions on television to promote safe sex practices within sexual and loving contexts.     

Messages About Sex on Israeli Television: Comparing Local and Foreign Programming

A content analysis of 584 prime-time programs examines messages about sex on Israeli television, comparing local and foreign shows. A 2-week composite sample from 7 commercial broadcast, cable, and satellite channels is analyzed. Results show that sexual content is highly prevalent, with a significantly higher frequency in foreign than local shows. Less than 20% of programs with sexual content address sexual health and risks; foreign shows again exceed local ones. Few differences emerge between local and foreign content in the contextual presentation of sex. Findings are discussed in light of theory, research, and implications for audience effects, policy, and education.     

Content Analysis of Local News: Evaluating the Public Interest in Media Programming

Courses: Introduction to Mass Media, Media Effects, Media Ethics, Broadcast Journalism

Objective: To develop critical awareness of media programming trends such as content homogenization, “infotainment,” and the programming structure of news content, in order to help students develop critical awareness of the public interest obligations of commercial broadcasting     

Representations of Race in Television Commercials: A Content Analysis of Prime-Time Advertising

Given the paucity of contemporary examinations of racial/ethnic minority portrayals in television advertisements, this study analyzed the frequency, context, and quality of 2,3 15 speaking characters in a one-week sample of prime-time television commercials. Results reveal different patterns of portrayals when African American, Asian American, Latino, Native American, and White characters are featured in television advertisements. The implications of these images are examined from the perspective of social cognitive theory to provide insights into their possible impact on audience members' self-perceptions.     

作者贡献声明及与作者署名之间的关系——基于3种图情学期刊的实证研究

[目的/意义]探讨作者贡献声明的格式、内容构成要素及与作者署名次序之间的关系等,旨在发现规律以便更加科学、合理地对论文合作作者进行学术评价及加快图情学期刊作者贡献声明的规范和推广进程。[方法/过程]阐述3种国内外图情学期刊作者贡献声明的格式及内容构成要素,分析和比较不同署名次序的作者与不同类型贡献要素之间的关系。[结果/结论]3种期刊作者贡献声明的格式、要素等有待进一步规范和推广;3种期刊无论从作者层面还是从贡献要素角度分析,都呈现署名靠前的作者其贡献要素参与程度较高的规律,并且第一作者在"提出研究思路"撰写论文"设计研究方案"等核心贡献要素上表现突出。     

城建民生档案建设的现实诉求与路径选择

随着国家对民生问题的日益重视,"民生幸福"成了我国"十二五"的焦点问题.在档案领域,发掘城建档案的民生价值,让城建档案为"民生幸福"服务,是构建和谐社会、实现档案服务民生的现实诉求.转变服务职能,选择城建档案服务民生的路径,让人民在平等中享受公开的城建档案信息、在及时的城建档案服务中收获幸福,是城建民生档案建设的当务之...     

Using Twitter for Promotion and Branding: A Content Analysis of Local Television Twitter Sites

A content analysis examined the Twitter sites of 488 local television stations in the United States, based on a strategic and tactical model of media promotion. One finding of the study was that news stories were the most frequently occurring items on the sites. However, stations that offered news items also seldom promoted their regular newscasts. Overall, stations did not appear to use Twitter to direct viewers to the station's on-air programming.     

文献著录与内容揭示分析

随着FRBR和ICP的公布,文献内容揭示已成为著录工作的一部分,它主要涉及著录规则、文献内容特征、用户需求三部分内容。由于文献的学科特征、内容特点、用户需求、背景等不同,编目员需要综合考虑选取著录信息。在著录方法、信息组织方式上,各国图书馆各有创新,编目员应遵照用户便利性原则,发挥图书馆的最大效用。