Fee or free: Public interest and the freedom of information act

This article examines Executive agency fee waiver guidelines for public interest requesters, including scholars, the media, and public interest groups, within the larger context of F.O.I.A.'s costs and benefits to the public. Information transmitted to the public by these requesters enhances citizen oversight of government activities and assists Congress in formulating public policy. However, arbitrary interpretation of the statute's fee waiver provision and the lack of standard and consistent fee waiver guidelines clearly inhibit use of the Act by public interest requesters. Continuing efforts by some Members of Congress and Executive agency personnel to further limit certain types of information available under the F.O.I. A. prompted renewed consideration of the economic aspects of Federal information policy in general and, in particular, the Freedom of Information Act.     

英、日、法三国公共电视财税体制及相关问题研究

公共电视(以下简称公视)在法律地位上具有公法机构的性质但并不属于国家机构，原则上应当是非赢利性的，以提供优质的公共服务为宗旨。公视机构为履行职责而取得的收入(收视许可费、财政补贴等)不必纳税。机构的设立与运营一般由专门的立法予以规制，并受到特别的保护，原则上不能破产。     

Public Library Unions:

A recent survey of 2317 unionized and nonunionized public librarians found that public librarians who were pro-union were most likely to (1) be employed in larger libraries, (2) have worked less years as librarians, (3) command lower salaries, (4) be politically liberal, (5) have had less administrative experience, (6) be employed in libraries without staff associations or in libraries where union representation was nationally affiliated, and (7) be union members. The study also found that public library union members held less favorable attitudes toward service than their col- leagues who were not members of the union. The findings indicate that unions may not be the preferred mode of representation for public librarians and [hat they may be causing a decrease in professionalism within the field.     

Small Public Libraries:

Small public libraries can improve their reference effectiveness. By establishing a strong, integrated, "low-profile" community information and referral program, as well as the development of a modest on-line searching service, the small public library can go be ond its own walls to reinforce it status as the primary outlet for knowledge and research in the community.     

基于Pinterest的公共图书馆资源推广研究

文章主要在对国内公共图书馆服务推广现状的基础上,结合国外公共图书馆利用Pinterest开展推广服务的状况,对国外公共图书馆在Pinterest平台上提供的服务内容以及活跃度进行调查,分析其有益的经验和存在的问题,提出运用可视化社交媒体开展公共图书馆工作,增强公共图书馆在可视化平台上的相互合作,抓住用户需求,利用平台板块细分优点,丰富页面活动信息内容,以期对国内公共图书馆提供帮助。     

作为一种购买的生活方式:公众号的造梦之旅

当今社会,微信在人们日常沟通中占据着重要位置,微信中的公众号通过文字、图片、语音及视频重构着现实社会,造成人们对现实生活认知的变形;尤其是渗透其间的商品消费捆绑了人们的文化观念,形成了多个话题的绑架.而究其本质,公众号提供的作为购买的生活方式起着举足轻重的作用.     

阅读新范式——公共图书馆依托离退休人力资源发展真人图书馆

真人图书馆(Human Library)是近几年来国内外兴起的一种全新阅读新生态,为公共图书馆开展阅读活动开启新范式。依托离退休人力资源开展真人书活动,可以实现馆员、离退休人员和图书馆的共赢,对老龄化社会的和谐构建具有深远意义。本文探讨该范式服务的意义、新特征及其优势,提出公共图书馆可以通过下列方式构建实施离退休人力资源真人图书馆阅读新范式:建立真人书(Human book)目录系统、加强培训指导、开展馆际社会合作、借阅流通和评估反馈。     

公共图书馆如何通过技术手段构建合理的公共服务体系

论文以金陵图书馆新馆建设为例，探讨了区域中心图书馆如何通过技术手段建设有形和无形的图书馆服务网络，构建合理的公共服务体系。     

Bestsellers and Public Service:

No abstract available for this article.     

公共图书馆存在的理由:来自图书馆使命的注解

在世界范围内，几份重要的公共图书馆文献都将当代公共图书馆的使命界定为教育、信息服务、文化传播、促进社会和谐、培育信息素养、培养阅读兴趣、扫盲。文章首先考察了这些文献对公共图书馆使命的阐述，然后以经验研究（empmal research）发现为依据，考察了这些使命作为公共图书馆存在理由的有效性。研究发现，这些使命在当代政治和社会话语中经常出现，公众对它们也具有很高的需求，从这个意义上说，它们的确为公共图书馆的合理性提供着有效注解，但信息服务使命目前正受到互联网的挑战，扫盲及培养阅读兴趣的使命正在受到图书馆借阅量下滑趋势的挑战。     

大运河畔的苏州市民公社

清末民初,苏州城区及周边的吴江、常熟等地出现一种由商人领导和组织的、按城市街道区域划分、主要从事公益活动的自治组织——市民公社。最早的市民公社是成立于宣统元年五月(1909年7月)的观前大街市民公社,其区域范围东自醋坊桥、西至察院场口。观前大街市民公社成立后,谋划有方,组织得当,“以救火会为下手之方,推及于疏沟、修道、蠲除污浊等事”,消防、市政、卫生等公益事业成效初显。     

Communicating Science to the Public:

This paper is based on a speech given by the author to the Library Information Exchange Forum of St. Johns University. The talk, given to staff librarians, described problems involved in the complex process of scientific communication, causes of science illiteracy, and possible remedies of the problem. The author encouraged the audience to become science literate by reading popular science literature, watching science programs on television and visiting science museums but to be aware of factors contributing to science illiteracy in the various media.     

Public Libraries: Measuring Their Value

Funding cuts and greater emphasis on expenditure justification in the public sector have sparked studies which attempt to demonstrate the financial return on investment of public libraries, with most of these conducted in larger urban centers. Northern Ontario, a vast region with a population less than one million, primarily Anglophone and francophone settlers and numerous Indigenous communities, served by tiny libraries, required a unique approach. A literature review and community input identified seven key sectors together with indicators for measurement. The Toolkit¹ designed by this research illustrates how to calculate an SROI that may better serve communities and improve funders’ decision-making.     

Excellence in the Public Sector:

In 1982, Thomas J. Peter and Robert H. Waferman, Jr., published their best-selling work, In Search of Excellence. Unlike any previous book on management, this work cought the imagination of a significant portion of the reading public and ushered in a wave of "excellence literature" on business management. Much has been written about the impact of In Search of Excellence on management practices in the American private sector. This paper discusses a much smaller, yet diverse, body of literature that has explored or reported on the use of Peters' and Waterman's principles of excellence in the public sector.     

阅读疗法:公共图书馆不可缺位

阅读疗法，一个医学与信息学的交叉领域，我国对它的研究还刚刚起步，然而它带给人类的将有说不尽的内容，其深远的社会意义已显而易见，本文旨在探讨推广阅读疗法的可行性，呼吁图书馆界的同仁重视这一艰巨的课题，相信这一领域能为传统图书馆带来一派生机。     

The Public and Bibliographic Instruction:

Since Bibliographic Instruction seems to be offered to many people using libraries, one could expect that a more knowledgeable public with a positive view of the information environment is being developed among its recipients. Who is the public for Bibliographic Instruction and what are they learning? Who is not being served and what are the implications of that failure? Can we define something called "Library Appreciation," and should it be taught to all clients before other library curricula?     

从两则案例引发的关于公共档案馆的思考

案例一:香港历史档案馆迁址遭到市民反对,最终重新考虑 香港历史档案馆成立于1972年,当时的临时馆址在港岛中区花园道1号A,位处美利大厦旁边停车场内的一座两层高的旧楼房.1974年9月搬迁到位于中区美利道2号的美利道多层停车场大厦的地下和阁楼,这里位于香港的中心地区,便于市民利用.     

Public Librarians as Employers: Expectations

No abstract available for this article.