History of U.S. Broadcasting

Irving E. Fang Those Radio Commentators (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1977—$14.95)

Judy Fireman TV Book: The Ultimate Television Book (New York: Workman Publishing Co, 1977—$7.95, paper with a hardback also available)

Raymond William Stedman The Serials: Suspense and Drama by Installment (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977—$12.95)

Madeleine Edmondson and David Rounds From Mary Noble to Mary Hartman: The Complete Soap Opera Book (New York: Jove Books (Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich), 1977— $1.75, paper)     

美国广播电视业发展趋势

首先我要感谢东方卫视和上海大学的同仁们邀请我在本届上海电视节上发表演讲，我非常荣幸。     

The Commodity Flow of U.S. Children's Television

This article argues that commodity flow is a defining characteristic of children's television programming, and that this flow of commodity and corporate-brand images builds into the genre a relatively coherent selling ethos. Three-hour blocks of programming, recorded on two different Saturday mornings for several broadcast and cable networks, were analyzed to highlight commodity flow within and between networks. This flow of commodities on children's television indicates a blurring of the distinction between content and promotional forms and illustrates the high level of commercialism targeted at this audience.     

U.S. News Coverage of Global Terrorist Incidents

A slew of gruesome executions by terrorist groups in 2014–2015 renewed interest in the public relations strategies of terrorists. As a case in point, the Islamic State group’s escalating brutality reflects their efforts as a relatively nascent extremist group to ensure a high and sustained volume of media coverage, especially among Western outlets. But what characteristics of events actually prompt coverage from major U.S. news media? Using a rich data set of terrorist incidents and coverage from six major broadcast and cable U.S. networks, we model coverage of terrorist incidents as a function of event proximity from U.S. soil, target country affinity with the United States, number of total and U.S. casualties, and the characteristics of the terrorist group. Our findings largely corroborate expectations set forth by the literature on norms and routines of journalism and economics of news. When it comes to terrorism, coverage by U.S. major media outlets is largely dependent on proximity to and affinity with the United States, weapons of mass destruction, and the number of global and U.S. casualties.     

The,Rebirth of Low-Power FM Broadcasting in the U.S.

On January 20,2000, the Federal Communications Commission created two new classes of low-powered radio broadcasting licenses. This controversial initiative is studied within the landscape of current and past deregulatory policies. These stations are now on the air and broadcasting to their local communities. A survey was conducted of the first 239 licensed stations to ascertain programming goals, budgets, policies and other baseline information. The study concludes that Low-Power FM has significantly increased ownership diversity and content. Current FCC localism initiatives could bode well for the introduction of more LPFM stations in the United States.     

The Portrayal of Race and Crime on Television Network News

A content analysis of television network news was conducted to assess the portrayal of race and criminal behavior. Findings revealed that Whites were more likely than African Americans to appear as perpetrators, victims, and officers. Both African Americans and Whites were more likely to appear as perpetrators than as victims and officers. African American and White law-breakers were represented in a way consistent with their perpetration rates. However, Whites were overrepresented while African Americans were underrepresented as victims of violent crime. Furthermore, Whites were over represented and African Americans were under-represented as police officers. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

美国广播电视市场上通货:受众调查

文章讨论美国受众调查方法和企业的历史 ,调查报告的基本概念、主要内容以及调查的商业用途 ,勾勒出美国受众调查产业的发展和现状。     

News Coverage of U.S. Mothers of Soldiers During the Vietnam War

The press of World Wars I and II depicted patriotic mothers as Spartan-like in their support of the nation's war effort. During the Vietnam War, another maternal image emerged to share cultural space with the Spartan mother, that of the goddess Thetis who objected to her son's participation in the Trojan War. This alternative maternal symbol more closely resembles the archetypal image of the peacetime good mother, who cares for her children and resists sending them into harm's way. This study documents coverage of maternal opposition to the Vietnam War against the backdrop of coverage of US mothers of soldiers in the earlier world wars. The comparison suggests that the Great Father's failure to control the press and promote the war to US citizens provided an opportunity for Thetis' rising.     

美国地方性电视台基本架构、运作机制及其启示

美国的电视台从性质、所有制、存在形态到运作模式和监管理念皆与中国不同,也与其他国家有很大区别.美国发展电视业中服务公众、鼓励竞争、培育节目辛迪加市场和对新业态、新趋势因势利导的政策导向,及其所成就的影视通信产业巨大的经济文化影响力,是对世界广播电视事业的贡献.本文对美国地方性电视台基本架构、运作机制的研究报告,力图撷取其中一些启示以供分享.     

数码环境下美国影视版权的保护探讨

作为影视产业最为发达和版权制度最为完善的国家之一,美国的影视版权保护制度一直走在世界的前列,面对数码技术引发的问题也适时制定了一些法律并做出了示范性的判决,在一定程度上解决了版权人与使用者之间的矛盾.     

Daytime Television Talk Shows and the Cultivation Effect Among U.S. and International Students

Many critics have chided daytime television talk shows because of deviant behavior that they highlight. This study examined if exposure to daytime television talk shows cultivated negative attitudes and perceptions of interpersonal relationships in the U.S. among international and U.S. students. The hypothesis that international students would demonstrate more of a cultivation effect than U.S. students was tested using three dependent measures: (1) estimates of the frequency of certain inappropriate behaviors in the U.S., (2) attitudes about interpersonal relationships among certain primary groups in the U.S., and (3) perceptions of certain interpersonal relationships among primary groups in the U.S. The hypoth-sis received support on all three measures.     

Food and Beverage Advertising on U.S. Television: A Comparison of Child-Targeted Versus General Audience Commercials

Major advertisers and children's television networks have announced marketing policies designed to combat childhood obesity. A content analysis of food advertising was conducted on programming from broadcast and cable networks most likely to be viewed by children. Unlike previous content analyses, the results show that nutrition appeals are among the most frequently used. However, as in past research, unhealthy foods are most frequently advertised. Further, child-targeted commercials employ production techniques and persuasive appeals that children have found difficult to evaluate critically. The potential impacts of this advertising landscape are discussed on both the individual and social level.     

Branding Television News in a Multichannel Environment: An Exploratory Study of Network News Brand Personality

Adopting the construct of “brand personality,” this article examines the perceived differences among various television news brands, investigates the distinction between cable and broadcast news brands, and explores the applicability of brand personality in this market. CNN was found to possess the most distinct, positive personality, whereas CBS news had the least differentiated brand personality. Fox News was seen as the most dynamic and conservative. Overall, broadcast network news was perceived to be more traditional and liberal than cable network news. Three modified dimensions—competence, timeliness, and dynamism—were found to represent the personality facets of the television news product.     

The U.S. Military Veteran in News Photographs: Representation and Stereotypes

Commenters have expressed concern over media content related to military veterans, saying journalists fail to provide the public with an accurate understanding of what it means to be a veteran. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the representation of veterans in news media content. The present study analyzed 740 photographs shared by regional news outlets on the popular social media platform Twitter. Coders documented the representation of veteran groups (gender, race, and service period) and stereotypes concerning veterans (homelessness, charity, and trauma) in the images. Results showed that the photographs rarely communicated stereotypes about veterans. Photographs overrepresented female veterans, although male veterans remained the significant majority. Minority veterans were underrepresented. Photographs most often contained images associated with World War II.     

News framing of the U.S. immigration debate during election years: Focus on generic frames

This study examined the frames used in the news coverage of the U.S. immigration debate during election years. Stories from four major U.S. newspapers, the Los Angeles Times, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, the St. Petersburg Times, and The New York Times, were content analyzed. The analysis revealed that the conflict frame was the most dominant frame in the news coverage of the U.S. immigration debate whereas no significant changes in the framing of the U.S. immigration debate were found over time. The human interest frame was more likely to have a pro-immigration tone compared to other frames. The findings of immigrant characteristics showed that the “illegal” characteristic was the most frequently used to identify immigrants.     

A Matter of Language or Culture: Coverage of the 2004 U.S. Elections on Spanish- and English-Language Television

This article fills a gap in the communication and political science literature by comparing how Spanish- and English-language television stations cover U.S. elections. A content analysis of more than 400 national network news stories and nearly 3,000 local news stories reveals that local and network Spanish-language stations provide less election coverage than their English-language counterparts. Although Spanish-language stations are more likely to focus election coverage on “Latino” issues or interests, the results indicate only moderate differences in how stations in each language frame their election stories, with stations in both languages concentrating more coverage around campaign strategy and the horse race than substantive issues.     

电视节目播放音乐作品的付酬问题研究

在著作权法上,电视节目以法定许可的方式传播音乐作品,涉及事后付酬的问题。首先,在播放录音制品付酬的方面,应当明确播放录音制品形式音乐作品的具体情形和边界;其次,在播放非录音制品形式的音乐作品付酬方面,应当界定影视作品的著作权归属及广播组织播放影视作品中音乐行为的法律属性,以明确广播组织是否承担付酬的责任。     

广播电视专业化与播音主持教学

广播电视专业台的出现,要求播音员、主持人具备专业知识,掌握专业台五类语言形式的表达.专业类语言形式表达,应成为播音主持教学中的第三个层面.