当今中国城市电视观众的收视特征及传媒对策

本文系国家教育部人文社科立项课题调研报告的一个小结.全文分两大部分一,当今中国城市电视观众的总体收视特征;二,中国电视传媒的生存环境、选择与对策.专家组鉴定认为,这是一份很有价值的调查分析和学术研究成果,对于当前电视业更新办台理念更有启示作用.     

Developmental Changes in Adolescents' Television Viewing Habits: Longitudinal Trajectories in a Three-Wave Panel Study

Trajectories of television viewing throughout adolescence were described using the data of a panel study in 12- to 17-year-olds. Results indicated that changes in viewing habits are different when daytime, prime-time, and late-night television viewing are examined separately. Although daytime and prime-time viewing showed a decline, viewing during later waking hours increased. Teenagers who have access to a television set in their room watch more; male viewers tend to avoid the "family hour" and "female contents." Findings are discussed within the framework of developmental processes as separation, the growth in alternative opportunities, and identity formation.     

Twitter Use During TV: A Full-Season Analysis of #serviziopubblico Hashtag

Several recent reports pointed out how the practice of using a “second screen” while following a television program is becoming an increasingly widespread phenomenon. When the secondary device is used to read or to comment about a watched program, most of the discussion takes place on popular social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Previous research has shown that the analysis of these contents could lead to a better understanding of the behavior of networked publics and of the structure of the show itself. Nevertheless most of the existing research is focused on the content only and focused on a single episode analysis or on big media events. Leveraging this background, this article presents instead a study focused on the relationships between content and users across an entire airing season of a TV program. Through a quantitative network analysis of the tweets produced during 25 episodes of the Italian political talks show Servizio Pubblico, we identified a small loyal group of viewers. Despite the differences in quantity of content produced, the loyal viewers do not show any sign of forming a community-like structure. We also performed a qualitative analysis of the tweets produced during one specific episode and discussed the elements of the TV show that generated the higher level of engagement on Twitter.     

新冠疫情早期的媒介使用、风险感知与个体行为

暴发于2019年末并迅速发展的新冠肺炎疫情已成为全球性的公共卫生事件。本研究开展于大众媒体信息尚且不充裕的疫情早期,通过对全国32省(自治区、直辖市)243市1265名受访者的在线调查,考察疫情初期人们在媒体使用、疫情感知和个体行为等方面的总体情况。研究显示,人们对新媒体(微信公众号和微博)的使用频率明显高于传统媒体,而对其可信度评价却显著低于传统媒体。个体风险感知和社会风险感知构成了公众对疫情风险感知的总体估量,且人们对疫情的认知和行动彼此关联。受社交媒体使用和参与的影响,个人层面风险感知指向更积极的人际传播;受大众化媒体使用和信息获取的影响,社会层面的风险感知则更多的导向抽象的疾病知识和符合社会利益期待的个体行为。     

Success Factors of Cable Network Brand Extension: Focusing on the Parent Network,Composition, Fit,Consumer Characteristics,and Viewing Habits

This study suggested a total of 7 hypotheses regarding variables affecting viewers' attitudes toward cable network brand extension. The regression analysis showed that 5 of the 7 hypotheses were accepted. Specifically, parent brand attitude, brand portfolio quality variance, the number perception of sub-brands, perceived fit, and innovativeness were found to significantly affect brand extension attitudes while parent brand familiarity and channel repertoire were shown not to be significant. Also, gender and income were found to affect brand extension attitude.     

Something Old,Something New,Something Borrowed From Something Blue: Experiments on Dual Viewing TV and Twitter

The use of second screens to dual-view television and social media is exponentially increasing. As a result, television producers are increasingly augmenting television content with social media comments from viewers, which may serve as a type of real-time public opinion indicator. The current research effort utilizes two experimental studies to explore the effects of this new media production practice on viewer's attitudes and opinions. In these studies, a Twitter feed was integrated in to entertainment (Study 1) and political (Study 2) television broadcasts and manipulated to convey either positive or negative opinions of the content. Participants' opinions were found to conform to the majority opinion presented in the manipulated Twitter feed in nearly all of the analyses. Implications for dual viewing and second screen use are discussed in light of findings.     

Primacy Effects of The Daily Show and National TV News Viewing: Young Viewers,Political Gratifications,and Internal Political Self-Efficacy

This study examines program ordering effects derived from viewing CNN television news relative to The Daily Show on the political gratifications associated with both types of information sources. Internal political self-efficacy is assessed as an individual-difference moderator. Main primacy effects are found on the gratifications associated with both national television news viewing and The Daily Show viewing. However, The Daily Show primacy effect on the political gratifications associated with national television news viewing was isolated among those participants who retain low internal political self-efficacy. Ramifications for these findings are outlined and future lines of research are summarized.     

二十世纪上半叶美国汉学研究管窥

19世纪末 2 0世纪初 ,是美国经济快速发展、综合国力不断增强的时期 ,也是美国积极准备对外扩张建立世界强国的重要时期。体现美国理想主义与国家利益相结合的门户开放主义 ,极大地加快了美国向远东地区进行政治、经济、文化扩张的动机。中国在远东具有重要地位 ,研究中国对美国制定有利的对华政策很有必要。所以 ,进入 2 0世纪后 ,美国的汉学研究逐渐成为美国研究中国问题的代名词。汉学研究机构的纷纷建立二十世纪初 ,美国对中国的认识仅限于书本 ,有两种不同的认识 :一种是欧洲启蒙运动所描绘的理想化的中国 ,另一种是 19世纪所接触的落…     

Building Faculty Support for Remote Storage: A Survey of Collection Behaviors and Preferences

A seismic retrofitting project required the UCSB Library (University of California, Santa Barbara) to permanently reduce its on-site collections by 120,000 volumes. To accomplish this successfully, a strong collaboration with the faculty was essential. This article describes a planning process in which the library worked with a faculty committee to implement a campus-wide survey of faculty and graduate students regarding their behaviors and preferences in accessing and using the collections. The survey outcomes informed a common understanding of which physical materials should remain on-site and which could be moved to storage with the least impact on research and teaching.     

Market Competition and Programming Diversity: A Study on the TV Market in Taiwan

This article investigates the issue of the relation between market competition and programming diversity in Taiwan's TV market. For more than 20 years, Taiwan's TV market had an oligopolistic structure with 3 networks dominating the market. With the popularity of satellite TV during the 1990s, the oligopoly rapidly ended. This study examines how programming diversity was affected by the changing TV market structure in Taiwan. Programming diversity was measured by 3 methods using program data from the 3 networks operating in Taiwan: vertical programming diversity, horizontal programming diversity, and prime-time programming strategies. The results indicate a negative relation between market competition and programming diversity. Although the market competition increased from 1986 to 1996, this study discovered that the degree of programming diversity was reduced year by year.     

Television Viewing Preferences: Programs,Schedules, and the Structure of Viewing Choices Made by Israeli Adults

Using analysis of program content and programming features, this study identifies patterns of television viewing preferences that explain why certain shows are frequently watched with certain other shows. Principal components analysis (PCA) of data collected from a sample of 750 Israeli adults was used to identify groups of shows often watched by the same viewers. A further analysis was conducted to uncover common features of these shows. The results replicate earlier findings indicating that program viewing preferences are explained by channel loyalty and genre loyalty, but the study adds a focus on the importance of programming language in non-English-speaking television markets.     

电视节目分级——美国特色的低俗内容监管

自上世纪90年代以来,美国政府制定了一系列监管低俗电视节目内容的法规,其中1996年出台的美国电视分级制影响最大,争议最多,也最具美国特色。本文主要探讨了美国电视分级制的出台过程、特点、实施效果和评价。     

Political bias in the news coverage of Taiwan's first presidential election: A comparative analysis of broadcast TV and cable TV news

This research examines how TV reported the campaign and the candidates during Taiwan's first‐ever presidential election in 1996.

A content analysis of evening news coverage of six TV stations indicated that the state‐owned broadcast TV stations were far more likely than the privately owned cable TV stations to give a greater amount of coverage and soundbites to the ruling party presidential and vice presidential candidates, using the ruling party officials as principal news sources. The TV Stations’ coverage also contained more news favourable to the ruling party candidates than to other candidates.

The future may well see a turning point in TV election coverage as well as in general news coverage in Taiwan. The three state‐owned broadcast TV stations face competition from privately owned cable TV stations and may soon be confronted with the loss of public trust and audience, unless they can provide fair and balanced news free from government control.     

清初辽东招民授官例实施情况与存疑

顺治十年,清朝统治者为了充实辽沈区域人口,开垦废弃荒地而出台了名为"招民授官例"的鼓励政策,规定将一百人以上招至此地即授予知县官职。然而关于条例的实施,在辽沈地区的史料中唯有一处记载。而其他一些非此地区相关文献,如《大清会典》,关内各省地方志书等,则提供了有关辽沈地区各县知县来历与仕途的许多线索。在总结这些史料中的信息后,可分析出授官例的实际实施情况,并对其实施的规律性与严格性提出质疑。     

World of work on TV: Ethnic and sex representation in TV drama

On the pages which follow, authors Seggar and Wheeler explore the increasing use of minority group members in network television programming. They focus on a sample period in 1971 to show variances in dramatic portrayals of minority versus white American roles. Dr. Seggar received his Ph.D. from Kentucky in 1968 and has since taught at Brigham Young University where he is now associate professor of sociology. Ms. Wheeler received her MA in sociology at BYU in 1971. An earlier version of this paper was first presented at the 1972 convention of the Association for Education in Journalism.     

Influences on TV Viewing and Online User-shared Video Use: Demographics,Generations, Contextual Age,Media Use,Motivations, and Audience Activity

People are increasingly viewing, providing, and recommending video content through the Internet. Applying the uses and gratifications framework, along with contextual age and generational theory, this study identifies and compares motivations for, and their influence on, traditional TV viewing and online user-shared video use among a U.S. sample of adult Internet users. Further, this study explores the form and role of audience activity through online user-shared video recommendations (type, channel, and social relation). Overall, the basic U&G motivations also apply to the new online media world, but differ in levels and influence.     

走向社会:电视节目制作经营方式的改革

2004年9月24日，位居全球财富500强的维亚康姆宣布与北京电视台结盟．合作制作中文电视节目。维亚康姆的举动反映了外资传媒机构进军国内广播电视领域的加速趋势和推进特点．这是继去年开创境外媒体落到内地的先例后．其在中国内地的又一轮抢摊行动。除了北京电视台外．维亚康姆还与上海文广集团和中央电视台也建立了深层次、多方位的合作关系．一时间．中国电视节目市场风起云诵。     

How Students Research: Implications for the Library and Faculty

This paper presents qualitative findings about the search behaviors and research habits of students interviewed at six college and university campuses in the US. Our findings suggest that students’ strategies are influenced by both their non-academic search experiences as well as the broader academic context of their research tasks. Their behaviors suggest an on-going negotiation of these influences, evidenced by the ways they incorporate Google into their research strategy while still closely adhering to faculty instruction for using library resources. Students bring a strong sense of self-reliance to the research process, yet they still experience many barriers and pain points accessing library resources. We have included recommendations for librarians and faculty who, by better understanding the journey of an academic researcher, can work in concert to reduce the barriers and increase the success of students’ research efforts.     

明末清初西学文献输入的分期及其特征

明清之际的中西文献交流,是当时中西文化交流的重要载体和途径。本文从文献学的角度,把此期西学文献输入中国,分为三个时段,分析了每个阶段西学文献的不同特征。     

广播电视业投融资问题探究

世界广播电视业正处于大重组大兼并规模化的发展过程中,在我国,湖南、北京、上海、山东、江苏、浙江等地方组建了广播影视集团(总台)。2001年12月中国广播影视集团挂牌成立,标志着中国广播影视业改革进入了新的时期。在党和政府关于深化新闻出版广播影视业改革的意见中,明确要求推进集团化建设,实行跨地区、多媒体经营,同时明