受众与影视品牌战略发展的民族化思考--北京电影、电视观众基本情况调查分析

当看电影、电视越来越成为人们日常生活方式和文化生活的重要构成的时候 ,当影视作品越来越烙上商品的印痕进入当今文化消费市场的时候 ,当影视作为文化产品越来越超越国界地域自由地行走在地球村的时候 ,探讨中国影视现状与未来发展的问题 ,显得尤为迫在眉睫。我们所进行的北京市重点课题“中国影视受众理论的民族化研究” ,正是在这样的背景下 ,从北京市民观看电影、电视情况的问卷调查入手 ,以受众研究为基点 ,以观众调查数据为依据 ,努力剖析我国当前影视传播中存在的问题 ,集中对受众与中国影视品牌发展战略中的民族化问题进行深入探究。     

A Network Analytic Approach to Understanding Cross-Platform Audience Behavior

This article explains and implements a network analytic approach to the study of cross-platform audience behavior. It begins by conceptualizing large-scale patterns of media use in network terms, treating media outlets as nodes and the levels of audience duplication among them as links. Following that, it explains 2 common measures of audience duplication, Absolute Duplication and Primary Duplication, and offers a new measure, Deviation-from-Random Duplication. In doing so, techniques for converting duplication data into network data are discussed. This approach is then applied to analyze patterns of audience fragmentation, media publics, and audience polarization using data from Nielsen's TV/Internet Convergence Panel. The findings show the value of using a network approach, by contributing to an alternative understanding of these patterns. Economic and policy implications are discussed, as well as broader reflections on the use of network analysis in the study of audience behavior.     

Virtuality and the Television Audience: The Case of Futurama

This essay examines the impact of Internet-based discourse on television audiences by examining the specific case of the recent program Futurama. Futurama has inspired the development of a vast and diverse virtual community dedicated to discussions of the program and the production of a variety of secondary discourses. .     

我国广播电视对农传播的媒介赋权与价值考量

在我国城乡二元结构的现实国情下,农村受众应当成为大众传媒关照的重点群体,在传播场域中为其留出足够的传播空间,并给予足够的关照.文章以拉斯韦尔的"5W"为分析角度,借助公共经济学、受众研究等研究范式,着重分析我国当前对农传播遭遇的现实困境,探究广播电视对农传播在价值循环过程中的尴尬,廓清在我国特殊的媒介政策环境下,大众传媒在对农传播过程中的媒介赋权不足及传播价值失衡现象.     

Who You Know in Hollywood: A Network Analysis of Television Writers

“It’s who you know, not what you know,” is a familiar phrase—often repeated by professionals in Hollywood. The present study focuses on “who knows who” among Hollywood television writers. Using network analysis, this exploratory study identifies the degree of centralization and types of connections found in this elite writers’ network. Results show a great deal of collaboration in the network, and while male writers are more connected overall in Hollywood, women are more likely to be brokers—a structurally advantageous position. The authors provide explanations for collaboration patterns, especially with regard to gender differences in network roles, and propose avenues for further research.     

Predictors of Audience Interest in Adopting Digital Television

Although the deadline for mandated digital transmission for broadcast television (DTV) is fast approaching, we still know relatively little about viewer knowledge about and interest in adopting the new, higher resolution television receivers. This study profiles likely DTV adopters in terms of social locators, media adoption, orientation toward adopting new media, and affective measures. The relative success of the latter in distinguishing between likely DTV adopters and nonadopters underscores the utility of a new set of attitudinal variables to supplement demographics and technology adoption measures. These elements were less successful in explaining DTV awareness levels, which were relatively low.     

Market Structure and Local Signal Carriage Decisions in the Cable Television Industry: Results From Count Analysis

Using historical data collected by the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) in 1990 (GAO, 1990), a time when the must-carry rules were not in effect, this study empirically tested the effects of horizontal concentration, vertical integration, and other system-specific variables on cable operators' carriage decisions regarding local television stations. Results from the negative binomial regression model (a count model) indicate that horizontal concentration or firm size had a negative effect on cable system carriage of local broadcast stations, holding other factors constant. However, the study did not find any significant vertical integration effects on such carriage.     

打造电视产业链完善电视产品市场

本文分析了目前中国电视节目产品市场面临的困境,提出了打造电视产业链的设想,并对产业链的理想模式进行了初步的建构,最后探讨了达到这种理想模式的路径选择.     

美国广播电视市场上通货:受众调查

文章讨论美国受众调查方法和企业的历史 ,调查报告的基本概念、主要内容以及调查的商业用途 ,勾勒出美国受众调查产业的发展和现状。     

Surviving Survivor: A Content Analysis of Antisocial Behavior and Its Context in a Popular Reality Television Show

The scope and nature of reality television has changed since researchers last conducted a content analysis of the antisocial behavior for this type of programming. This study examines the content of seven seasons of Survivor, one of America's longest running reality television programs, to determine the types, frequency, and context of antisocial behavior presented in the series as well as the possible effects of the program on longtime viewers using social learning and cultivation theories. In the 76.4 hours of programming analyzed for this study, 4,207 antisocial acts were documented in the coding database. Indirect aggression and verbal aggression were found to be the most frequently occurring types of antisocial behavior. The number (4,207) and the rate (45.7 acts per hour) of antisocial acts in the seven seasons of Survivor analyzed in this study is higher than the findings of a previous study of antisocial behavior in reality-based television conducted in 1997. This study clearly demonstrates that longtime viewers of Survivor get a higher dose of antisocial behavior than did regular viewers of news programming and other reality-based programs that aired slightly more than 10 years ago.     

国家信息政策体系研究——领域划分与结构分析

文章首先确定了国家信息政策80个主要关键词,在此基础上,运用共词分析,聚类出了信息政策5个子领域,并将其呈现在映射图中,以展现信息政策体系结构.进一步地,将其同Rowlands的结果对比分析,发现我国关于隐私保护方面存在政策缺失,以及在信息社会和基础设施方面更多地是使用了国家力量.     

基于网络特征的用户图书借阅行为分析——以北京大学图书馆为例

图书借阅是图书馆提供的重要服务之一.研究用户的图书借阅行为模式,有助于图书馆提供面向用户的个性化服务,从而提升服务质量.以北京大学图书馆为例,几乎所有的学生都有图书借阅记录.这种图书借阅行为形成了一个用户到图书的"图书借阅网络".另一方面,相同的图书可以被不同的用户所借阅,图书作为知识的载体,通过这种共同借阅关系将不同背景的用户联系在一起,形成了一种用户到用户的知识分享社会网络,称作"共同借阅网络".基于这两种网络,本文对用户的借阅行为模式进行了深入的分析,发现了影响用户借阅行为的因素,并从用户借阅行为中挖掘出了新的知识,构造了个性化图书借阅推荐系统.本文的研究成果有利于推进图书馆服务向Library 2.0时代迈进.     

Food and Beverage Advertising on U.S. Television: A Comparison of Child-Targeted Versus General Audience Commercials

Major advertisers and children's television networks have announced marketing policies designed to combat childhood obesity. A content analysis of food advertising was conducted on programming from broadcast and cable networks most likely to be viewed by children. Unlike previous content analyses, the results show that nutrition appeals are among the most frequently used. However, as in past research, unhealthy foods are most frequently advertised. Further, child-targeted commercials employ production techniques and persuasive appeals that children have found difficult to evaluate critically. The potential impacts of this advertising landscape are discussed on both the individual and social level.     

Predictors of Social Television Viewing: How Perceived Program,Media, and Audience Characteristics Affect Social Engagement With Television Programming

This study investigated social television viewing by introducing the social engagement construct. Three categories of factors, television program related perceptions, social media characteristics, and audience attributes, were proposed to predict the social engagement experience. This investigation tested 10 audience motives for using social media to engage with television content. It was found that social engagement is a complex process driven by multiple factors, particularly, program-related variables such as affinity, involvement, and genre preferences, as well as individuals' innovativeness trait.     

Cultural Proximity and Audience Behavior: The Role of Language in Patterns of Polarization and Multicultural Fluency

Cultural proximity is a multidimensional concept, most often used to explain media preferences across national boundaries. The present study extends the construct, revealing its power to explain audience formation within a multicultural society. Portable People Meter data from Arbitron, Inc., was used to compare patterns of television and radio use across Spanish-speaking Hispanics, English-speaking Hispanics, and non-Hispanics in Houston, Texas. The results indicate that language preferences play a powerful role in determining audience behavior. Furthermore, while English-speaking Hispanics exhibit multicultural fluency, the other two populations show evidence of cultural polarization.     

栏目化与市场化--中国电视纪录片的两道围城

本文根据中国纪录片的变革,中央电视台和上海电视台创办纪录片栏目的得与失,以及国内外的优秀纪录片制片人的市场经验,探讨中国纪录片市场化栏目的出路.     

The Influence of Message and Audience Characteristics on TV News Grazing Behavior

This study examined television news channel changing (AKA grazing, zapping) behavior by focusing on the viewing duration and attention paid to stories that varied in sensational content and packaging. These two message-related factors had independent and interactive effects on how long grazers stayed tuned to a channel. Moreover, high sensation seekers, who were more avid news consumers in everyday life, exhibited different viewing and attentional patterns compared to low sensation seekers. While arousing television news was the most watched by all, high sensation seekers unexpectedly showed less preference for sensational tabloid packaging of arousing content than low sensation seekers.     

The Evolving Audience Network during Media Environment Transition – A Longitudinal Study of Cross-Platform Use in China

ABSTRACT

Scholars disagree on whether the media environment has become more concentrated, fragmented, polarized or overlapped. By pooling data from a total of 250 audience surveys conducted over 9 years, we investigated the evolution of a cross-platform audience network during a time of transition in the media environment. We found that both the fragmentation and duplication of the media system changed in a curvilinear manner. More importantly, this study showed that the center of the cross-platform network was transferred from offline to online. This study emphasizes the dynamic of media choice at various stages of media technology development.     

Impact of Moderate and Ruinous Competition on Diversity: The Dutch Television Market

This article analyzes how competition in television broadcasting influences diversity of program supply. We argue that competition in oligopolistic broadcasting markets can take different forms, depending on the strategies adopted by broadcasters. We distinguish between moderate and ruinous competition, and discuss under what conditions these types of competition will emerge. We hypothesize that moderate competition improves diversity, whereas ruinous competition produces excessive sameness. We test these hypotheses for the Dutch television market.     

中国电影的国际传播路程与路径

在全球化背景下,中国电影、电视剧、纪录片近年来走出去和海外传播的成果斐然,但不可否认在短时间内中外文化逆差的现状仍然难以彻底扭转,中国影视产品为西方社会和市场所接受和认同仍然任重道远。本期专题研究聚焦中国影视产品的国际传播策略问题,本刊约请各方学者分别展开讨论,希冀专家观点对业界与学界有所启示。