Books received

A self-administered survey of 202 African American respondents examined the relationship among Black images in the media, perceived public perception of the in-group, and endorsement of affirmative action. Based on the literature on coping and group threats stemming from social identity, the study hypothesized that perceived negative Black images predicted coping responses among Black respondents. Negative evaluation of Black media images predicted perceived lower level of public perceptions of Blacks, which was in turn related to greater endorsement of affirmative action. The possible role of minority media portrayals in our racial environment was also discussed.     

Self-Absorbed,Dangerous, and Disengaged: What Popular Films Tell Us About Teenagers

An overwhelming number of American adults have negative impressions of teenagers. Mass media may play a role in these impressions. This article describes results from a content analytic study of images of teenagers in recent popular films aimed at discerning how they are typically depicted. This study inquired about portrayals of teens' behaviors, motivations, and relationships with their parents. The results indicate that modern Hollywood films featuring youth promote an image of teenagers as self-absorbed, violent, disconnected from parents, and disengaged from civic life. Racial and gender stereotyping of teen characters is also evident. Altogether, the image of teens constructed by recent, popular films likely reinforces adults' negative views and possibly works to distance adults from teens.     

Television Viewing,Racial Attitudes,and Policy Preferences: Exploring the Role of Social Identity and Intergroup Emotions in Influencing Support for Affirmative Action

This paper explores how White viewers' perceived portrayals of African-Americans and Latino-Americans on TV influence their real-world feelings and beliefs about these outgroups, which in turn affect their support for race-targeted policies. A computer-based survey (N=323) included measures relating to perceptions about racial/ethnic groups on television, real-world stereotypical beliefs, prejudicial feelings, and support for affirmative action policies. The affective-cognitive model of policy reasoning presented in this paper extends and improves upon prior research in several ways. It considers intergroup emotions as an important mediator by including prejudicial feelings toward racial/ethnic outgroups in the path analyses. Unlike past research that typically grouped all negative stereotypes into one global measure, this study explores how specific types of stereotypes such as criminality and laziness work independently and simultaneously to influence policy preferences. Finally, this integrated cognitive-affective model of policy reasoning is applied to both perceptions of African-Americans and of Latino-Americans, which provides greater confidence in the applicability of the model. Implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.     

新媒体环境下用户信息交互意愿影响因素与实证——以汽车新媒体为例

[目的/意义]随着新媒体技术的快速发展,利用新媒体平台与用户进行信息交互成为很多企业或组织了解用户需求和获取消费行为规律的新渠道,在信息交互过程中哪些因素影响到用户的交互意愿对企业有效服务消费者和挖掘消费者需求有重大的意义。[方法/过程]以用户感知价值接受模型为基础,基于信息生态理论建立新媒体环境下用户信息交互意愿的影响因素概念模型,并以汽车行业新媒体交互平台为研究样本,通过问卷调查和结构方程进行实证研究以验证模型的有效性。[结果/结论]数据结果表明,外部变量对新媒体信息交互意愿影响因素的大小依次为感知易用性、感知价值、信息有用性和感知风险。其中,感知易用性、感知价值、信息有用性对交互意愿产生正向影响,感知风险对交互意愿产生负向影响;在感知价值分析中,社会娱乐性对感知价值产生正向影响,信息感知成本对感知价值产生负向影响。本研究可以帮助新媒体信息服务平台更好完善与用户的信息交互功能,对新媒体平台健康发展起到一定的指导作用。     

Effects of Violence Against Women in Popular Crime Dramas on Viewers' Attitudes Related to Sexual Violence

This study analyzes portrayals of female and male superheroes in children's cartoons. Specifically, this study investigated whether or not animated superheroes were portrayed in gender-role stereotypical ways. Coders analyzed 70 characters from 160 hours of recorded programming. Surprisingly, the researchers found few instances of traditional gender-role stereotyping. However, a trend toward defining “superheroics” in strictly traditional masculine terms was noted. Various media theories are used to discuss the potential effects of these portrayals.     

Television use,stereotypes of African Americans and opinions on affirmative action: An affective model of policy reasoning

This paper proposes and tests an affective model of policy reasoning with television use as a first stage variable in a heuristic causal chain. We predict that TV use leads to affect which then leads to opinions on related issues. We test the power of the model to explain how citizens make up their minds regarding government policies on affirmative action, with stereotypes of African Americans as the second stage, affective variable. Data from White college students indicate that there was good fit (non‐significant chi‐squares) for the model. The paths explaining the most variance were those from perceived negative TV attributes to stereotypes, and stereotypes to opinions. Perceptions of negative TV portrayals predicted negative stereotypes, which predicted opposition to affirmative action policies. Implications for media use and heuristic reasoning models are discussed.     

Positive portrayals of ‘living with HIV’ to reduce HIV stigma: do they work in reality?

ABSTRACT

The study explored how the combinations of living-with-HIV portrayals and HIV onset controllability portrayals influence HIV stigma because the two frame coexist in our communication environment. Results from an experiment with 443 college students in the United States indicated different combinations of the two frames might be helpful, ineffective, or harmful in reducing HIV stigma. The positive portrayal-low onset controllability combination might reduce HIV stigma, the negative portrayal-low onset controllability combination might be ineffective in reducing HIV stigma, and the positive portrayal-high onset controllability combination and the negative portrayal-high onset controllability combination might even increase HIV stigma. These results contextualize the effectiveness of positive portrayals of living with HIV when audiences may be exposed to multiple frames of messages about HIV stigma; they highlight the potential interactions between the two frames that may reduce the effectiveness of anti-stigma messages or may be used against the efforts to reduce HIV stigma.     

微信用户信息共享行为影响因素模型及实证研究——基于信息生态视角的分析

[目的/意义] 针对移动社交媒体的典型工具微信的信息共享行为进行研究,以帮助企业或相关组织更好地利用社交媒体工具开展相关的业务及公共服务。[方法/过程] 基于信息生态视角,构建微信用户信息共享行为的影响因素模型,并通过实证研究方法对模型的适用性进行检验。[结果/结论] 数据分析结果表明,感知信息有用性、自我效能、信息技术创新性、信息环境交互性四个变量对微信用户信息共享态度产生正向影响,微信用户的信息共享态度对共享行为也产生正向影响。     

社会化媒体用户信息披露意愿影响模型构建与实证——以微信用户为例

[目的/意义]社会化媒体信息隐私泄露事件频繁发生，加剧了用户对信息隐私的担忧，用户在使用社会化媒体过程中是否愿意向平台披露个人信息成为推动社会化媒体平台健康发展的关键。[方法/过程]利用隐私计算理论和沟通隐私管理理论为框架，结合隐私关注，构建社会化媒体用户信息披露意愿影响模型。以微信平台为例，通过问卷调查的方式收集样本数据，使用Smart PLS软件对模型合理性进行验证。[结果/结论]研究发现，感知收益、信任、感知信息控制均正向影响信息披露意愿，隐私关注负向影响信息披露意愿；信任负向影响感知风险；感知信息控制负向影响隐私关注；隐私倾向正向影响隐私关注和感知风险。     

Players and Whiners? Perceptions of Sex Stereotyping in Animé in Japan and the US

This study examined cognitive and affective responses of Japanese (N=199) and American participants (N=194) to the depiction of gender in a Japanese animé popular in both countries. As expected, Japanese respondents indicated more familiarity with the animation and also reported that they were fans to a greater extent than Americans. Japanese participants and males showed greater agreement with sex stereotyping in the depiction of characters. Males also showed greater liking for characters and expressed the belief that they were positive role models. American females disliked the characters, especially the female character, significantly more than all other participants. Finally, participants, regardless of country, who held conventional views of gender perceived fewer stereotypes in the depiction of the characters. Given the current interest in animé, implications of findings from viewing sex-stereotypical images and directions for future research are discussed.     

Pistols and petticoats,piety and purity: To Wong Foo,the queering of the American monomyth,and the marginalizing discourse of deification

–Recently, the mainstream media have begun to include positive portrayals of gays and lesbians. This essay suggests that these positive portrayals demand critical scrutiny to determine how they redefine mainstream culture and how they serve to challenge and/or reinforce heterosexual bias. In an analysis of To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar, we examine how a narrative film negotiates the practice of drag and represents gay male “drag queens” through a progressive refiguring of the monomythic themes which inform the popular genre of Western film.     

媒介信息素养对知识创新意愿影响的实证研究

[目的/意义]旨在深化媒介信息素养在新媒体环境下知识创新中的应用,为科研团队利用新媒体进行知识创新提供实践层面的指导。[方法/过程]从媒介信息素养角度分析信息需求意识、新媒体技术应用能力和数据信息整合能力对知识创新意愿的影响,采用问卷调查和实证研究相结合的方法分析检验所构建的理论模型。[结果/结论]研究结果显示,信息需求意识、新媒体技术应用能力和数据信息整合能力对知识创新意愿均产生正向影响作用。情境感知在信息需求意识、新媒体技术应用能力和数据信息整合能力对知识创新意愿的影响作用中都有调节作用。     

Can government’s presence on social media stimulate citizens’ online political participation? Investigating the influence of transparency,trust, and responsiveness

This paper empirically investigates the association of quality information provided by a government agency on social media and citizen’s online political participation. It further answers the why and how questions regarding the existence of this relationship by examining the mediating influence of transparency, trust, and responsiveness. The data was collected from 388 followers of the social media platforms of a government agency i.e. Punjab Food Authority and the findings of the analysis were obtained using structural equation modeling technique. The results reveal that the agency’s provision of quality information on social media was significantly related to perceived transparency, trust in agency, perceived responsiveness, and citizens’ online political participation. Moreover, the results show that perceived transparency mediates the relationship between agency’s provision of quality information on social media and citizens’ trust in agency. Additionally, trust in agency was an insignificant predictor and perceived responsiveness was a negative predictor of citizens online political participation, Also, trust in agency and perceived responsiveness suppressed the relationship between agency’s provision of quality information on social media and citizens’ online political participation. This study aims to bring awareness and contribution to the body of knowledge about the governmental use of social media and its resulting benefits since in developing countries like Pakistan the research in this area is sparse. Further, it provides strategic and practical suggestions to agencies regarding advantages of utilizing social media in their communication with citizens.     

美英著名医学期刊的新闻政策及其对医学信息传播的影响

美英著名医学期刊大多制定了新闻政策,其本质是建立在新闻封锁基础上的新闻发布,其中新闻封锁对作者和大众媒体均具有一定的限制性要求,新闻封锁在特定情况下也可解除。美英著名医学期刊的新闻政策在医学信息传播中可能具有正负2方面的作用,但在其不断完善的过程中负面作用的影响将越来越小。     

"I'm Not a Feminist...I Only Defend Women as Human Beings": The Production,Representation, and Consumption of Feminism in a Telenovela

This study examines a successful Latin American media product - the Venezuelan telenovela El País de las Mujeres [The Country of Women] - and analyzes how feminism and feminists are represented in it. Through interviews with the head writer and actors, the study also explores the production of these portrayals. In addition, consumption of the serial's representation of feminism is analyzed through individual and group interviews with audience members. The study highlights the paradoxes involved in the production and consumption of a media text that simultaneously delivers a critique of Venezuelan patriarchy, an empowering message for women, and a sharp rejection of feminism.     

负面评论挖掘的网络口碑危机预警模糊推理

[目的/意义]通过挖掘电子商务平台的在线负面评论信息,对网络口碑危机进行模糊预警计算和类型划分,为企业实时监控网络口碑舆情,提高产品正面口碑传播和规避口碑风险提供参考。[方法/过程]以欧洲消费者满意度模型(ECSI)为基础,从感知质量、感知价值、感知声誉和感知期望4个属性方面构建负面评论网络口碑危机模糊语料词典,结合模糊综合评判方法并改进顾客满意度的四分图模型对网络口碑危机预警进行计算和分类。[结果/结论]以美团外卖在线评论为例进行实证研究,提出的负面评论网络口碑危机预警计算方法得到了较好的实验检验效果,可为在线产品的网络口碑危机预警提供信息决策。     

Media Effects on Acculturation and Biculturalism: A Case Study of Korean Immigrants in Los Angeles' Koreatown

Given the assumption that mass media reflect the cultural values of a society, this study investigates the effects of American and Korean mass media on Korean immigrants' acculturation process. Structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression modeling were used to evaluate how exposure to mass media is related to the acculturation process. The survey results from the two different analyses were consistent with each other, in that exposure to American mass media was a significant positive predictor for the acceptance of American cultural values and a significant negative predictor of the affinity for Korean cultural identity. However, exposure to Korean mass media was related to neither immigrant's affinity for Korean cultural identity nor acceptance of American cultural values. Thus, we surmise that even though Korean immigrants are frequently exposed to both American and Korean mass media, they tend to be Americanized instead of bicultural due to the strong effects of the American media.     

Islamophobia in China: news coverage,stereotypes, and Chinese Muslims’ perceptions of themselves and Islam

An analysis spanning 10 years of news reports about Muslims and Islam in Chinese state news media (N?=?15,427) demonstrates that Chinese news reports project an overall negative view of Muslims. An implicit association test performed in the non-Muslim Chinese population (N?=?1479) reveals negative stereotypes of Muslims. In addition, a survey of Chinese Muslims (N?=?384) shows that they perceive negative coverage of Muslims and Islam in Chinese media, and that real-life discrimination might be a consequence of such negative stereotyping. This study reveals that (1) there is an overall negative framing of news coverage of Muslims and Islam; (2) non-Muslim Chinese hold a negative stereotype of Muslims and Islam; (3) Chinese Muslims are cognizant of a negative media portrayal of Islam and of themselves; and (4) some Muslim Chinese experience discrimination in their daily lives. The present study contributes to the literature on global Islamophobia, a phenomenon that is understudied in China.