国内外后现代主义哲学与图书情报学研究的述与思

指出国内外图书情报学与后现代主义哲学的研究集中在以下方面：对图书情报学学科环境的观照;后代主义哲学对认识图书情报学认识与存在关系的指导;对图书情报学研究现状和实践现状的解释。在此基础上提出后现代主义哲学的理论和方法对其技术地位现状、多种理论声音现状、认识与存在、理论体系和学科环境的一种解释。
     

参考文献与作者和编辑

参考文献是科技论文的重要组成部分，能体现科学的继承性，提供科学依据，节省篇幅，使论文内容精练、结构紧凑。认为参考文献的著录还能反映作者的科技道德和科研水平，反映编辑人员的业务水平。就其具体判定方法进行了研究。就如何对待参考文献，对作者和编辑提出了具体要求。     

Conservation and authenticity: Interactions and enquiries

Abstract

The possible meanings in conservation of the word authenticity are discussed and some different definitions are briefly evaluated. Recent research showing the brain reacts differently to the concepts of copy and authentic is reviewed. The relationship between cultural heritage charters and how authenticity has been employed in them is explored with examples from the Athen's Charter, The Venice Charter, The Nara Document, The San Antonio Declaration, and the UNESCO World Heritage Documents. Several examples are discussed in the text concerning the interactions between authenticity and restoration, employing the examples of ancient buildings and old master paintings. Some of the important writings on the subject of authenticity by scholars and art historians are reviewed. Criteria which could be used to evaluate the concept of authenticity in different cultural settings are discussed and these are illustrated with case studies taken from restoration carried out on ancient marble sculptures, the Sistine Chapel frescoes by Michelangelo, and the artwork of several prominent forgers. Given that concerns about the authenticity of art are multi-dimensional, it is important that the present fragmentation of the arguments concerning authenticity across the disciplines properly take into account the conservation field and are aware of the debates within conservation concerning this topic. The questioning of the relevance of authenticity is a healthy process, and may now be framed quite differently from the way in which it was discussed even 20 years ago.     

全人教育与图书选题策划——以《北大基础教育文库》为例

全人教育是20世纪70年代以来在世界范围内被广泛传播的、以促进人的整体发展为目标的教育思想。近年来,全人教育思想在我国产生了越来越大的影响,这种影响也不可避免地波及我国图书出版领域。就面向基础教育的图书出版而言,如何准确地传达全人教育的深刻内涵,是出版人面临的难题。本文对全人教育思想的流变进行初步梳理,探讨全人教育的人文教育、科学教育、传统文化教育和公民教育四个基本维度,并以《北大基础教育文库》为例,对全人教育语境中的图书选题策划进行探析。     

欧美图书档案数字化融合服务实践及启示

以数字化背景下图书馆、档案馆等文化机构保护文化遗产的共同愿景为基点,综述欧美国家图书档案数字化融合服务的政策规划和合作项目。总结国外实践的特点,包括明确的战略规划、多元的伙伴关系、回应数字时代的挑战、逐步统一的技术标准和多样的合作模式。这些特点和经验可以为我国开展相关实践提供参考。     

让高校档案馆“热”起来——对高校档案馆与图书馆协作共建的探讨

高校档案馆与图书馆是高校文献信息系统的两个重要组成部分.高校档案馆和图书馆的协作共建,就是要构建一个集档案、图书等文献信息资源综合开发利用并服务于一体的新型体系,实现档案、图书的资源共享,形成规模化、系统化、网络化服务.高校档案馆与图书馆协作共建的具体措施包括:协调馆藏,资源互补;协作开展用户培训;数据库的共建共享;引进图书档案管理系统、加强人才和技术交流等.     

Television and radio program ratings and measurements: A selected and annotated bibliography

Following testimony dealing with the role played by television audience ratings in determining whether a given program will or will not be kept on the air, Chairman Oren Harris of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce requested the American Statistical Association to examine, describe, and evaluate the statistical reliability and validity of the various commercial rating services. The ASA's Technical Committee on Broadcast Ratings, under the Chairmanship of William G. Madow, produced its report early in 1961. It was published by the House Commerce Committee in March, under the title, Evaluation of Statistical Methods Used in Obtaining Broadcast Ratings (House Report 193, 87th Congress, 1st Session).

Although the entire report is highly technical, it is recommended to all those seriously interested in the rating services and their standards. For those without the statistical background to understand certain portions of the report, attention is called to more easily read articles, such as Harrison B. Summers’ “Qualitative Information Concerning Audiences of Network Television Programs”; (which appeared on pp. 147–160 of this issue of the Journal) as well as general articles cited in the bibliography that follows.     

Media Logic and Political Logic Online and Offline

One aspect of the mediatization of politics is the idea that political actors adapt to the communication logic of news media to gain, for example, news media attention. Currently, this process may be influenced by the diffusion of the internet as a political communication channel, especially because online communication provides a new opportunity for political actors to communicate directly with citizens. Thus far, the adaptation to media logic by political parties has mainly been examined in the context of election campaigns. In order to transfer these findings to regular political communication, this study compares the use of media logic in the mass media and in direct political communication channels online and offline about the United Nations Climate Change Conferences 2011 and 2012. A quantitative content analysis of the conference protocols (input) and the presentation of the conference results in the seven most frequently used German offline news outlets (print and TV) and their online counterparts, as well as political offline and online communication channels like parliamentary speeches and websites of the six parties represented in the German parliament (output), was conducted. Results show that in the context of regular political communication, political actors seem to follow media logic to a lesser extent than in the context of election campaigns. Thus far, the influence of online communication on the mediatization of politics seems to be rather marginal. The causes and consequences of these findings are discussed.     

Subpoenas and library operations: rules and recourse

The subpoena process represents a legal obligation and duty of citizenry and is becoming a fact of life in the operations of many libraries. Regardless of whether a library is directly involved in litigation, the library director may be faced with adjusting operations to compensate for the loss of personnel, collection materials, or other resources in order to accommodate the demands of a subpoena. This paper outlines the formal subpoena process and highlights a number of scenarios by which the library may become a part of the process. The area of computer law, in particular, may present a "growth phase" in library litigation. In addition, recommendations to minimize the service interruptions caused by the subpoena are offered. The director must assist library counsel in formulating a response to challenge, modify, or quash (throw out) the subpoena. Efforts to quash the subpoena require proof that the materials requested are irrelevant to the case, not subpoenaed for "good cause," or that compliance would be unduly oppressive and burdensome. In any case, the library director must be fully prepared to educate counsel on the potential impact of the subpoena.     

Word normalization and decompounding in mono- and bilingual IR

The present research studies the impact of decompounding and two different word normalization methods, stemming and lemmatization, on monolingual and bilingual retrieval. The languages in the monolingual runs are English, Finnish, German and Swedish. The source language of the bilingual runs is English, and the target languages are Finnish, German and Swedish. In the monolingual runs, retrieval in a lemmatized compound index gives almost as good results as retrieval in a decompounded index, but in the bilingual runs differences are found: retrieval in a lemmatized decompounded index performs better than retrieval in a lemmatized compound index. The reason for the poorer performance of indexes without decompounding in bilingual retrieval is the difference between the source language and target languages: phrases are used in English, while compounds are used instead of phrases in Finnish, German and Swedish. No remarkable performance differences could be found between stemming and lemmatization.     

Counting and comparing publication output with and without equalizing and inflationary bias

This paper examines the effects of inflationary and equalizing bias on publication output rankings. Any identifiable amount of bias in authorship accreditation was detrimental to accuracy when ranking a select group of leading Canadian aquaculture researchers. Bias arose when publication scores were calculated without taking into account information about multiple authorship and differential coauthor contributions. The ensuing biased equal credit scores, whether fractional or inflated, produced rankings that were fundamentally different from the ranking of harmonic estimates of actual credit calculated by using all relevant byline information in the source data. In conclusion, the results indicate that both fractional and inflated rankings are misleading, and suggest that accurate accreditation of coauthors is the key to reliable publication performance rankings.     

Vision and Vulnerability: Thoughts on Leadership and Conservation

ABSTRACT

Testimony from colleagues in the cultural sector suggests that there is a common perception of leaders as authoritarian, infallible and invulnerable. However, developing leaders soon come to understand that good leaders often have an authenticity of their own. Being able to embrace authentic leadership in this way requires confidence. It involves accepting vulnerabilities, learning to be comfortable making decisions without all the information, and daring to risk potential failure as the best way to encourage creativity, innovation and learning. Given this dichotomy, is there a potential for the development of leadership in conservation? This paper explores the unique challenges we face as conservators in a changing sector. In it, I reconnect with professional experiences of my own and those I gained as the first conservation fellow on the Clore Leadership Programme as well as examining testimony from others in the profession and the wider cultural sector. The ideas generated are supported by literature from a variety of sources inside and outside the conservation field. Starting from what draws people to conservation in the very beginning and working through to the leadership of the profession, the paper identifies four main areas of challenge for conservation in a twenty-first-century creative economy. These are around a lack of diversity, a lack of confidence, the strength of voice and perception and issues around support, for our decision-making and for the profession as a whole. The paper concludes that a new vision for the future of conservation could not only help rebalance the diverging preventive and remedial specialisms but also be instrumental in the perception, interpretation and preservation of cultural heritage. If we expand our horizons, the bigger picture of heritage and what it can achieve for the society could be crucial to us not only changing but thriving in the modern world.     

欧美的图书采销

In the recent years, the major publishers and book sellers in the West have been putting through a series of reforms in order to widen their book sale. The Approval Plan, the new method of mail-order the Postcards, the Telex of Facsimile Orders are some of the main new methods. They are economical, simple, quick and efficient means of book promotion and book publicity.     

Mobile and Information Literacy Perceptions and Skills of Library and Information Sciences and Humanities Students From Bulgaria and Turkey

Welcome to the Global Postcards column! We are so excited to bring you news and projects from around the world. In this column, our contributors from Bulgaria and Turkey bring us a comparative study of mobile and information literacy among students at two universities in those countries. In addition to presenting perceptions of students around these literacy concepts, their research project also highlights growing trends in the use of distance education and web-based study materials. Thanks to the contributors for this issue, and please keep the submissions coming!

If you would like to send a submission, please contact either of the column's co-editors: Jacqueline Solis, jsolis@email.unc.edu, and Robin Kear, rlk25@pitt.edu.     

博客与电子预印本的比较分析

介绍了博客和电子预印本在学术交流中的应用。从信息资源数字化,学术信息易得性、交互性、权威性等方面总结了博客与电子预印本的相同点,并从信息资源构成、知识产权保护、信息检索功能等方面对比分析了它们的差异。     

INEX与TREC的比较研究

INEX与TREC是检索领域的两大检索系统评价平台,在检索技术发展迅速的今天依然保持强大生命力,在当今检索技术评价领域起着十分重要的作用。本篇文章通过对INEX与TREC的研究目标以及平台的构成要素包括三个方面:测试集、检索问题的构造、相关性评估的比较,找出INEX相对于TREC评测平台的创新及不同点,以便更加深入和全面地了解INEX的评测方法。     

Understanding Ourselves and Others: Australian Archivists and Temperament

A continuing theme of the archival literature from the “New World Countries” of the Australia, Canada and the United States is the lack of understanding and appreciation of archivists and archival work. The author posits that this situation can be ameliorated if archivists understand the temperament characteristics that shape their own attitudes and behaviours and thus influence their interactions with significant others in the workplace and wider community. This essay reports and interprets major findings of a survey of temperament types present among members of the Australian Society of Archivists, conducted as part of a 1998 three-country [Australia, Canada and the USA] study.A version of this paper was presented at the 1999 Australian Society of Archivists Annual Conference in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is the first of two essays that report the results of national surveys of temperament types of archivists in three countries: Australia, Canada and the USA. The second essay, “The Influence of Temperament Type in the Perceptions of Archivists in Three New World Countries” will appear in the next issue of Archival Science.     

李兆洛知凤台文献活动述论

李兆洛是清代中期的著名学者，又是一位文献家。嘉庆十三年至十九年，李兆洛任安徽凤台知县。为政之暇，考兆洛积极从事文献活动，纂修《凤台县志》十二卷，编辑《淮南方孩未先生全集》十六卷、《小山嗣音》四卷。论文就这些活动作一述论，以期对李兆洛文献学及凤台、寿州地区的历史文化研究有所裨益。     

Bricks and Mortar,Era and Ambience

Abstract

Two historic house museums in the United States owe their preservation to the fact that they 'posed' for artist Andrew Wyeth, born in 1917 and still painting at the age of 86. Joyce Hill Stoner has based this article on her presentation at the American Institute for Conservation meeting in Miami in June 2002.     

推进科学数据与信息资源管理共享的思路与对策

科学数据和信息是重要的科技资源,是科技创新活动的重要基础和工具。科学数据和信息是国家科技基础 条件平台建设体系中非常重要的一类资源,加强科学数据和信息资源管理与共享研究,是推进科技平台建设的重要理 论基础。本文在对比分析国外科学数据和信息资源管理与共享现状的基础上,系统总结了我国在科学数据和信息管理 和利用方面取得的主要工作成效,提出完善制度体系和管理机制、推动数据中心建设、加强数据和信息全生命周期管 理等意见和建议