Comparing Theories of Media Learning: Cognitive Mediation,Information Utility,and Knowledge Acquisition from Cancer News

Determining what factors predict media learning is an important avenue of research for the field of mass communication. The present study provides a comparative investigation of two models of media learning: the cognitive mediation model and the information utility model. Participants (N = 1,076) read a news article related to scientific discoveries relevant to cancer prevention and responded to all constructs of the two models. Recognition and comprehension were used to measure knowledge acquisition. Results generally support previous predictions of each model, though predicted variance remains small. In addition to testing the existing models, a modified cognitive mediation model using a key construct related to information utility—perceived relevance—was tested. The refined cognitive mediation model offered a more nuanced understanding of certain causal mechanisms but did not result in a meaningful change in predictive power of the model. Implications of the theoretical comparison and integration are discussed.     

认知弹性理论在文献检索教学中的应用

在探讨认知弹性理论核心观点的基础上,讨论了其在文献检索教学构建的适应性与特点,设计出一个基于该理论的、使用者倾向的文献检索教学模式结构,并着重探讨了该模式在文献检索教学的应用。     

Political News in the News Feed: Learning Politics from Social Media

Although literature about the relationship between social media and political behaviors has expanded in recent years, little is known about the roles of social media as a source of political information. To fill this gap, this article considers the question of whether and to what extent learning political information occurs via Facebook and Twitter. Theory suggests that social media may play a significant role in the learning of political information within the modern media environment. Making use of a combination of experimental and survey-based studies, the data suggest that the potential for users to learn political information from social media exists but is not always realized within the general population.     

Choosing and Reading Online News: How Available Choice Affects Cognitive Processing

A within-subjects experiment explored how the number of online, hyperlinked stories available for individuals to choose from affects cognitive processing of a selected story. Participants chose and read unpleasant online news stories from a Web page containing either 5 or 15 headline/photo hyperlinks. Heart rate data indicated more cognitive resources were allocated to reading stories selected from the larger array of hyperlinks. This increased allocation of cognitive resources also led to more accurate story recognition. Results of this study provide insight into information processing of interactive, online news as well as limited suggestions for the design of news Web sites.     

When Words Collide Online: How Writing Style and Video Intensity Affect Cognitive Processing of Online News

This experiment explored how the writing style of online news, defined as inverted pyramid versus narrative, affects the cognitive processing of accompanying video clips. Forty seven participants read 4 online news stories and viewed the accompanying video clips. Results suggested that reading inverted pyramid stories may require allocation of more cognitive resources to encoding a related video clip. Recognition for story details was more accurate for stories in narrative than inverted pyramid style. Results are discussed in terms of a distinction between cognitive processing involved in “getting there” versus “being there” during exposure to online news.     

线上互融:疫情背景下的融媒新闻生产——基于《白衣侠》制作过程的个案研究

本文基于对交汇点新闻客户端融媒体新闻产品《白衣侠》制作过程的个案研究,探讨主流媒体融媒新闻生产的路径创新。这一路径背后蕴含全新的思考路向,反映出媒介融合从业态层面到社会层面再回到业态层面的过程,有助于我们理解和把握新传播技术变革下的传播实践。     

网络传播与认知风险:社交媒体环境下的风险信息搜索行为研究

在风险社会中,科技的发展不仅是衡量现代性的核心要素,同时也是催生不确定性的重要原因。社交媒体的发展很大程度改变了风险传播的景观,使得风险认知和媒介信息之间的关系更加复杂。本研究采用问卷调查法对临近核电站建设区域社交媒体用户进行调查,旨在探讨社交媒体环境下的信息对受众风险信息搜索行为的影响。本研究采用结构方程模型的分析方法,从社会认知理论出发考察社交媒体环境中信息的质量对受众反应的作用过程。结果显示信息质量可以通过影响用户的风险认知、风险知识水平和自我效能三个变量影响其风险信息搜索行为,从而证明社交媒体所构建的信息环境会显著作用于人们对于风险的认知和行为反应。本研究的发现期待可以为风险传播中的有效公众沟通策略以及线上风险信息管理提供参考。     

Computer-Mediated False Consensus: Radical Online Groups,Social Networks and News Media

This study draws on survey data obtained from members in neo-Nazi discussion forums and builds on evidence that participation in these forums exacerbates false consensus, that is, overestimating public support for own views. This study goes further to test whether contacts with dissimilar offline social networks as well as exposure to ideologically dissimilar news media attenuate false consensus and its association with online participation. Contrary to predictions, politically dissimilar networks do not reduce false consensus among the analyzed sample. Exposure to ideologically dissimilar news media, on the other hand, results in more accurate estimates (main effect), but it exacerbates false consensus as resulting from participation in neo-Nazi online groups (interactive effect). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Effectiveness of a News Media Literacy Advertisement in Partisan Versus Nonpartisan Online Media Contexts

Moving media literacy messages out of the classroom and onto the Internet, where much news consumption happens, offers an opportunity to extend media literacy education to a wider public. However, in doing so it becomes important to consider how the context in which such messages are seen conditions their impact on media literacy attitudes and knowledge. The results of an experimental test suggest that a media literacy public service announcement was more effective in reinforcing media literacy beliefs when paired with a partisan, rather than a neutral, political program. The effects of presenting media literacy messages outside of the classroom are discussed.     

Partisans and Controversial News Online: Comparing Perceptions of Bias and Credibility in News Content From Blogs and Mainstream Media

Based on the hostile media effect (HME), this 2 (partisan opinion) × 2 (news source) × 2 (content valence) factorial experiment investigated how partisans (N = 132), in terms of perceived bias and credibility, assess same-sex marriage coverage by either an online mainstream news source or a citizen blog. Partisans who disagreed with the content's valence evaluated both mainstream online news and the blog posting as more biased and less credible than did partisans who agreed with the content's valence. The perceived reach of blog postings appears to generate a relative HME similar to that triggered by mainstream news. In particular, this study suggests that user-generated content—specifically blog postings—might generate a stronger relative HME than that observed with mainstream news.     

A Social Cognitive Theory of Internet Uses and Gratifications: Toward a New Model of Media Attendance

Recent research explaining Internet usage has both extended and challenged the uses and gratifications approach to understanding media attendance by discovering "new" gratifications and introducing powerful new explanatory variables. The present research integrates these developments into a theory of media attendance within the framework of Bandura's (1 986) Social Cognitive Theory. Respondents from 2 Midwestern states were recruited by mail to complete an online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to test a.new model of media attendance in which active consideration of Internet uses and gratifications, moderated by Internet self-efficacy, joins habitual behavior and deficient self-regulation as determinants of media behavior. The model explained 42% of the variance in Internet usage. ,     

Theory Into Practice: Framing,the News Media,and Collective Action

The concept of framing applied to the interaction between social movements and the news media, including local television news, is evident in the experience of the Media Research and Action Project (MRAP). MRAP employs frame analysis to assist social movement and community groups in advancing their goals through the news media. The paper presents the important lessons derived from the applied work of MRAF     

Learning Politics From Social Media: Interconnection of Social Media Use for Political News and Political Issue and Process Knowledge

Drawing on a national survey of 1,157 South Korean adults, the present study finds that social media use for political news is positively associated with knowledge about political issues, but not with knowledge about political processes. Professional media use for political news is significantly associated with both political issue knowledge and political process knowledge. The impact of social media for news on political issue knowledge increases with the additive role of professional media news use. This study also finds that political talk strengthens the positive association between social media use for news and political issue knowledge.     

Expanding Reference through Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning Videos

Academic librarians have utilized video tutorials for many years, however, the videos may not be useful or usefully shared. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning (CTML) provides evidence-based design principles for librarians to create instructional videos that can expand reference support. Meaningful learning through video can be uniquely integrated into students' academic experience. The author applied CTML to videos on course assignments and then utilized the learning management system to send them to students enrolled in the course. This study builds upon the evidence-based conclusions of CTML and contributes an innovative way to integrate reference into the student experience. This is an important contribution as librarians seek to scale and expand reference support to in-person, online, and hybrid learning environments.     

News and Ideological Exegesis in Chinese Online Media: A Case Study of Crime Coverage and Reader Discussion on Two Commercial Portals

Analyzing news stories, commentaries, and readers’ discussions of a sensational serial murder case on China's two most popular commercial online portals, this study examines how the Internet's medium-specific characteristics of unlimited space and interactivity facilitate both reinforcement and challenges to dominant ideologies of crime coverage. The study finds that news accounts on the two portals, Sina.com and Sohu.com, to a large degree favored the interests of the powerful over the powerless, excusing the inefficiency of the police and portraying causes of crime as individual; while readers contributing to online forums on the case voiced concern about social issues underlying crime, expressed standpoints of the poor and underprivileged, and questioned the authority and intentions of the powerful. The result was that, even as news accounts generally reinforced prevailing social relations, readers’ comments upturned them with analyses of inequality, poverty and discrimination. The study lends additional weight to the assertion that the Internet's unlimited space and allowance for simultaneous interactivity among many voices are leading to qualitative changes in public communications as well as quantitative increases in information flow. Even within the context of Chinese information control, online forums open up new options for users that we characterize as exegetical, implying broad possibilities for explanation and exposition as well as for alternative ideological renderings.     

复杂传播环境下网络新闻“把关人”的角色转换

互联网技术的发展，带来了复杂的新闻传播环境，网络新闻“把关人”的角色该如何转换，这是当前急需探讨的新问题。     

上线新闻客户端,传统媒体如何羽化成蝶

本文聚焦传统媒体上线新闻客户端的大趋势,认为这是媒介融合和市场化环境压力所迫,也是由于阅读习惯改变所致。传统媒体客户端,专业队伍、资源、内容深度、广度和整体质量是其优势,富有市场潜力。但目前,新闻客户端遭遇困境,面临流量、用户黏性、影响力、商业变现等问题。论文提出并分析了当前传统媒体新闻客户端五种模式及其难起效的原因,认为,羽化成蝶还需从理念、内容、形式、运营等方面攻坚克难,做到有意义、有作用、有创意。