Using Open-Source Tools to Measure Online Selective Exposure in Naturalistic Settings

Measuring audiences’ selective exposure to media content in naturalistic settings constitutes a methodological challenge that has only partly been resolved. We present a new methodological approach that is based on the open-source web analytics software Piwik. This method allows for the tracking of selective exposure and facilitates the integration of selective exposure data with online survey data. To ease data handling, we created a plug-in turning Piwik into a scientific research tool. After discussing the theoretical and methodological background of collecting data on user selections, we provide step-by-step instructions on the integration of Piwik with online content, survey software, and the merging of tracking and survey data. Finally, we discuss research applications, advantages, and limitations of the new research tool.     

Impact of Popularity Indications on Readers' Selective Exposure to Online News

Selecting news online may differ from traditional news choices, as most formal importance indicators in traditional media do not convert directly to online news. However, online portals feature news recommendations based on collaborative filtering. To investigate how recommendations affect information choices, 93 participants browsed online news that featured explicit (average rating) or implicit (times viewed) recommendations or no recommendations (control group) while news exposure was logged. Participants picked more articles if the portal featured explicit recommendations, and stronger explicit recommendations instigated longer exposure to associated articles. Implicit recommendations produced a curvilinear effect with longer exposure for low and high numbers.     

Caught in the Act: Measuring Selective Exposure to Experimental Online Stimuli

Several techniques are available to measure an individual's selective exposure to online content, but only a few investigations have examined actual selective exposure to online stimuli experimentally generated and manipulated. We discuss a successfully implemented approach specifically developed for this purpose. By providing researchers with a combined record of observational selective exposure data and self-report data, the approach we describe here offers selective exposure investigators the opportunity to examine the joint impact of media content features and media user characteristics on selective exposure. Its theoretical and methodological foundations, applicability for a wide array of research questions, and the limitations of this approach are discussed.     

PharmGuide: Your Guide to Free Online Drug Information

PharmGuide <http://goo.gl/f14Me>is an annotated directory of high quality, freely available, online drug information resources intended for use by librarians, pharmacists, and the public. Given the plethora of drug information websites with varying levels of authoritativeness and accuracy, PharmGuide is intended to facilitate the search for resources by providing links to only those sources that have been critically appraised and that meet specific quality criteria. Methods used in developing the site, evidence of its utility based on usage statistics, and examples of its application in practice are presented within the context of the drug information landscape.     

信息价值测度的注意力模型

本文首先分析了信息社会中注意力和信息的关系 ,认为信息社会缺乏的不是“信息” ,而是获得注意力的有价值的信息。进而 ,分析了注意力的特性 ,并且认为注意力可以作为衡量信息的手段。通过对注意力的特性进行公式化描述 ,并且利用信息社会的基本规律 ,本文提出了信息价值测度的注意力模型     

The Online Government Information Movement

Abstract

The National Commission on Libraries and Information Science published recommendations for a national information policy in 1976, and concerns regarding the protection of privacy and equal public access to online information were introduced. From the mid 1970s to the early 1990s, federal government agencies were beginning to publish materials and maintain records electronically. Most current U.S. government information was available on the Internet by the late 1990s, and depository libraries were required to provide workstations that would facilitate access to documents. Documents librarians, already concerned with the lack of attention to archiving online federal information, were provided with an example of the vulnerability of online publications in the early 2000s when federal agency Web sites were made inaccessible-quickly and easily. The possibility that too much government information was available to anyone with access to the Internet was becoming a national concern. Using government documents as resources, this article retraces the events that were occurring in federal government agencies during the movement of government information to the Internet.     

档案信息化建设中应注意的几个问题

随着“十五”期间《全国档案信息化建设纲要》的出台，档案信息化建设已逐渐成为档案部门的重头戏。特别是随着档案部门信息化建设被写进了市县级综合档案馆的目标责任书，且占了一定的分数后，我们这个经济相对落后的省份，也掀起了一阵不大不小的信息化建设浪潮。购置了多少计算机、复印机、扫描仪等现代化设备，成了我们年终总结中值得自豪，够得上单列的一条，浓墨重彩描绘一番的大事。无疑，信息化建设对于我们是姗姗来迟，但已势不可挡地成为我们不能回避的主题。尽管信息化建设是我们耳熟能详的东西，然而，真要操作起来，还是感到“手生”，存在不少的问题。     

网络环境下经济信息资源利用中存在的问题与对策

论述了网络环境下我国经济信息资源利用中存在的信息量大、费用高、检索工具功能不完善等几个问题，并从一个普通的经济信息检索者的角度提出了可以采取的解决办法。     

Using Online Tutorials to Reduce Uncertainty in Information Seeking Behavior

ABSTRACT

Uncertainty is defined as affective symptoms of stress, anxiety, and frustration when faced with an information need. Traditional face-to-face instruction allows sender and receiver to fulfill information needs using multiple sources, which can be visual, auditory, tactile, or verbal. Distance learners may experience high levels of uncertainty when most or all of the communication and interaction takes place in an electronic environment that does not allow for these multiple information sources. Research on face-to-face communication and uncertainty suggests that people attempt to reduce uncertainty by acquiring more information and also by using structured or familiar information resources. This paper suggests that many of our behavioral motivations in face-to-face activities would also apply in the online environment. By creating online tutorials that combine structured hierarchical instructions with familiar modes of communication, we may be able to reduce symptoms of uncertainty in the library search process.     

关注法规学习法规研究法规实践法规——写在《信息网络传播权保护条例》颁布施行之时

简要回顾了《信息网络传播权保护务例》的出台过程．介绍了中国图书馆学会围绕信息网络传播权立法采取的行动和提出的建议，分析了《信息网络传播权保护条例》第七条的主要内容，提出图书馆界的应对措施。     

Hardwired for News: Affective Intelligence and Political Attention

Research on citizens’ inattentiveness to political news has built a theoretical base for understanding political judgment in the American electorate. The research, however, has a strong cognitive orientation with surprisingly little attention to the dynamic interaction between emotional and attentional factors. To broaden our understanding of these potential emotional influences, we assessed levels of enthusiasm, anger/aversion, and anxiety in response to brief summaries of 50 news stories of diverse character and provenance selected to be representative of quotidian news. The analysis reveals dramatic variation across news stories and across subjects responding to the same story on all 3 emotional dimensions. We also examine an unexpected inverse correlation between education and level of emotional response to news.     

The Internet and Online Political Communities in Singapore

The emergence and the widespread adoption of the Internet have brought about many dramatic changes on different levels. Due to its inherent characteristics, the Internet has become an engine of political mobilization and participation, and has led to the proliferation of online communities. Few studies examine how political groups use the Internet to build communities and forge alliances in cyberspace, and this study attempts to bridge this gap. Registered political parties and political expression groups in Singapore were selected for this study. Through hyperlink analysis, the study shows that reciprocity and similarity, two main characteristics observed in online communities, were found in the groupings formed by these political groups. Interestingly, most of the online affiliations that exist among these groups reflect those offline.     

专利信息的网上检索

介绍了在Internet上检索专利的主要途径；商用联机检索系统，各国知识产权组织的网站，数字化图书馆的专利导航，并对网上专利资源及检索方法作了介绍。     

Information Literacy Successes Compared: Online vs. Face to Face

ABSTRACT

This paper compares the results of a comprehensive exam taken by undergraduates enrolled in face-to-face and online sections of a three–credit course in information literacy. Authors discuss choosing, adapting, and implementing the comprehensive exam. Questions are mapped to the ACRL Competency Standards for Information Literacy for Higher Education to assess the effectiveness of the course. Preliminary results indicate that online students performed slightly better than their face-to-face counterparts.     

我国网络政治传播发展历程与基本架构

我国网络政治传播的兴起与繁荣伴随着中国互联网的发展与政治社会的演变,其发展历程分为萌芽、快速发展、整合发展、纵深发展、繁荣、移动互联网时代六个阶段.文章认为我国网络政治传播的现状能够概括为四个层次、三种形式以及两种类型,并形成了以官方传播场域与公众传播场域为核心的基本架构.     

关于定题信息服务的思考

论述了在网络环境下开展定题信息服务的创新特点,以及在人文社会科学领域和小型情报机构开展定题信息服务的意义.并阐述了定题信息服务的实施策略.     

高校图书信息资料在线检索研究

本文根据高校图书信息资料电子在线检索的特点，引入知识工程的树状知识表示理论，并结合检索过程中的关联规则，形成高校图书信息资料电子在线检索的知识库。提出一种基于知识库与数据库结合的数据搜寻与转化的方法，从而实现高校图书信息资料在线的个性化检索。     

网络消费者信息搜寻行为研究

文章探讨了网络信息搜寻行为的特点,分别构建了网络信息搜寻广义模型和网络消费者信息搜寻行为过程模型,并在此基础上对影响网络信息搜寻行为的因素进行了讨论。     

图书馆"在线信息素养课程"构建与实现

在广泛调研国内外高校图书馆在线信息素养教育内容和形式的基础上,分析了我国高校信息素质教育目前存在的一些问题,提出构建集成化、开放式的图书馆"在线信息素养课程"建议,并从教学内容的整体构架、教学模式、模块内容、学习效果测试和反馈方面展开探讨.     

信息共享空间环境下的定题情报服务

介绍了定题情报服务的概念和现状,分析了信息共享空间开展定题情报服务的必要性,就基于信息共享空间完善定题情报服务发展条件和服务流程问题发表了自己的观点。