Perceptual Aesthetics: Transcendent Emotion,Neurological Image

This article outlines major neurological factors driving human aesthetic response and offers an integrative model of the interaction of brain systems that forms that response. Having evolved as a matter of survival, these systems allow for advanced cognitive capabilities, and with them, aesthetic appreciation. Included in the discussion are symmetry and the nature of aesthetics, the neurology of images, the role of the left and right hemispheres in understanding art, the role of emotion in aesthetics, and bottom-up versus top-down neural processing as aesthetic functions. A concluding model addresses the complementary relationship between the apparent dichotomies of left and right brain, of conscious and unconscious processing, and of verbal and visual processing. Bilateral symmetry and tension resolution are used to explain a graduating scale of meaning and pleasure from simple to complex, and from archetypal to idiosyncratic within the range of neural aesthetic response.     

读书、藏书与著书--我的读书情怀

前段时间,应《河南图书馆学刊》主编陶善耕之约,为该刊“名人书缘”栏目撰写文稿。我曾说明不能应允：因为我不是名人,只是一个普通的教育工作者;虽然一生读书、藏书、著书,与书结下了不解的情缘,也曾撰写和发表过一些拙作,但成绩微不足道,更谈不上学术贡献。然终因盛情难却,还是应允了。     

Visual Agenda-Setting,Emotion, and the BP Oil Disaster

This study seeks to identify the most memorable visual imagery of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill by comparing a content analysis of television images and a survey of the most-remembered images. The study compared visuals from weeks 1 and 6 of the disaster to a survey conducted a year later that asked respondents to freely recall the most memorable images of the disaster. The comparison showed respondents did indeed choose as the most memorable images the visuals coded with greatest frequency in the content analysis. However, the emotions evoked by the oil-soaked animals elevated that set of images to the most memorable—chosen by almost half of respondents. This set of images was number one with the respondents yet number eight in frequency in the content analysis. This study shows a visual agenda-setting effect heightened by emotion.     

Meaning in film/video: Order,time and ambiguity

Film and video techniques are examined through the insights of cognitive psychology and an experimental paradigm adapted from studies of verbal behavior.     

Evidence, memory, identity, and community: four shifting archival paradigms

This essay argues that archival paradigms over the past 150 years have gone through four phases: from juridical legacy to cultural memory to societal engagement to community archiving. The archivist has been transformed, accordingly, from passive curator to active appraiser to societal mediator to community facilitator. The focus of archival thinking has moved from evidence to memory to identity and community, as the broader intellectual currents have changed from pre-modern to modern to postmodern to contemporary. Community archiving and digital realities offer possibilities for healing these disruptive and sometimes conflicting discourses within our profession.     

How ethnic studies faculty use streaming video: Instructional needs,applications, and challenges

While there have been studies on faculty use of streaming video resources in academic libraries, none have focused on the specific needs of ethnic studies faculty. Using a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 13 ethnic studies faculty from two public university campuses, this study found that faculty engagement with video is based upon a pedagogical strategy that responds to the specific demands and goals of ethnic studies curricula, while centering on student needs by using free resources whenever possible. Within this paradigm, faculty choose from three categories of content: key primary and secondary sources; flexible supporting sources; and current topics of interest. Understanding what motivates ethnic study faculty could be helpful as librarians work with vendors and advocate for the content that best meets instructional needs. Librarians can also help improve faculty's instructional outcomes by communicating about licensing options and streaming media availability through the library.     

The memory of science: Inflation,myopia, and the knowledge network

Scientific production is steadily growing, exhibiting 4% annual growth in publications and 1.8% annual growth in the number of references per publication, together producing a 12-year doubling period in the total supply of references, i.e. links in the science citation network. This growth has far-reaching implications for how academic knowledge is connected, accessed and evaluated. Against this background, we analyzed a citation network comprised of 837 million references produced by 32.6 million publications over the period 1965–2012, allowing for a detailed analysis of the ‘attention economy’ in science. Our results show how growth relates to ‘citation inflation’, increased connectivity in the citation network resulting from decreased levels of uncitedness, and a narrowing range of attention – as both very classic and very recent literature are being cited increasingly less. The decreasing attention to recent literature published within the last 6 years suggests that science has become stifled by a publication deluge destabilizing the balance between production and consumption. To better understand these patterns together, we developed a generative model of the citation network, featuring exponential growth, the redirection of scientific attention via publications’ reference lists, and the crowding out of old literature by the new. We validate our model against several empirical benchmarks, and then use perturbation analysis to measure the impact of shifts in citing behavior on the synthetic system's properties, thereby providing insights into the functionality of the science citation network as an infrastructure supporting the memory of science.     

The archival sliver: Power, memory, and archives in South Africa

Far from being a simple reflection of reality, archives are constructed windows into personal and collective processes. They at once express and are instruments of prevailing relations of power. Verne Harris makes these arguments through an account of archives and archivists in the context of South Africa's transition from apartheid to democracy. The account is deliberately shaped around three themes — race, power, and public records. While he concedes that the constructedness of memory and the dimension of power are most obvious in the extreme circumstances of oppression and rapid transition to democracy, he argues that these are realities informing archives in all circumstances. He makes an appeal to archivists to enchant their work by engaging these realities and by turning always towards the call of and for justice. This essay draws heavily on four articles published previously by me: “Towards a Culture of Transparency: Public Rights of Access to Official Records in South Africa”,American Archivist 57.4 (1994); “Redefining Archives in South Africa: Public Archives and Society in Transition, 1990–1996”,Archivaria 42 (1996); “Transforming Discourse and Legislation: A Perspective on South Africa's New National Archives Act”,ACARM Newsletter 18 (1996); and “Claiming Less, Delivering More: A Critique of Positivist Formulations on Archives in South Africa”,Archivaria 44 (1997). I am grateful to Ethel Kriger (National Archives of South Africa) and Tim Nuttall (University of Natal) for offering sometimes tough comment on an early draft of the essay. I remain, of course, fully responsible for the final text. I presented a version of it in the “Refiguring the Archive” seminar series, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, October 1998. That version was published in revised form in Carolyn Hamilton et al.,Refiguring the Archive (Cape Town: David Philip, 2002).     

图书馆情感管理探微--谈情感尊重与平等交流

情感管理是图书馆人本管理“三层面”之一。本文从事实例证出发论述了情感管理的相关问题；指出，只有充分理解和尊重人的情感和情绪，并进行真情实意的平等交流，才能“创造快乐”，实现情感管理的目标原则。     

Selling Canada to Canadians: collective memory,national identity,and popular culture

Two media endeavours, the Heritage Minutes and the CBC documentary Canada: A People's History, hope to serve as a corrective to Canadians' lack of interest in their history and to bolster national identity. However, the producers do not want to appear propagandistic in a country where there is conflict about what the shape of the nation should be. They accomplish this by appealing to the “on the spot” authority of journalistic representation and the emotional immediacy of dramatic story-telling. They also emphasize the multi-cultural and multi-perspectival nature of Canada's past. Ultimately these efforts exist within a larger narrative about the “story of Canada,” where events of the past are framed in terms of their contribution or relevance to the present shape of the nation-state. In this way, these programs reveal their purpose and, as collective memory scholars might predict, press the past into the service of present aims.     

元数据应用:语义、结构与句法

本文在简单介绍元数据应用中元数据规范的设计流程之后，从元数据体系架构的语义、结构与句法三个层面讨论元数据具体应用时的相关问题，对如何构筑一个完整的元数据应用进行了较全面的阐述。     

Emotion and political cognition: A test of bipolar,two-dimensional,and discrete models of emotion in predicting involvement and learning

This study assesses the usefulness of voters' emotions toward presidential candidates in predicting voter attitudes toward, involvement with, and learning of the candidates' statements at a debate. Three different models of the effects of emotions, including the bipolar model, Marcus and MacKuen's (1993) two-dimensional model, and a discrete emotions model were tested for their efficacy in predicting the responses of 81 participants who watched the 2000 Presidential Debate at Wake Forest University. Overall, the bipolar model in which positive and negative emotion terms fall along one continuum of affective valence was most consistent with the data. With regard to both presidential candidates, the more positive the emotion felt toward the candidate, the more positive the voters' attitudes were toward that candidate. Likewise, attitudes predicted greater involvement with the candidates, which subsequently predicted greater learning from the candidate at the debate.     

具身视角下的技术与情绪:社会化阅读刷屏行动实践

社会化阅读发展兴盛而复杂,刷屏是其典型表征,情绪表现备受关注.刷屏背后除了网络技术推动外,行动者实践更值得关注.文章从具身理论出发,研究社会化阅读刷屏现象.基于从上头条到求转发的内容生产逻辑转变,技术和情绪共同成为刷屏扩散的动力机制.刷屏现象是具身技术与具身情绪共同作用的表征,最终形成刷屏行动具身实践.文章超越现象,分析得出技术与情绪主体都是刷屏实践背后的行动者,共同构成行动网络上的重要节点.行动者网络视角颠覆了社会化阅读的技术立场,将技术和情绪嵌入整个社会之网,从社会联结互动中,形成网络逻辑下整合的社会化阅读观,刷屏是人和非人作用的共同结果.     

Effects of Image Motion on a Small Screen on Emotion,Attention, and Memory: Moving-Face Versus Static-Face Newscaster

We examined the modulating influence of a small moving vs. static facial image on emotion- and attention-related subjective and physiological responses to financial news read by a newscaster, and on memory performance among 36 young adults. A moving-face newscaster was associated with high self-reported pleasure and arousal, but not with physiological arousal (electrodermal activity). Facial electromyographic responses to facial image motion were at variance with pleasure ratings. Facial motion was associated with decreased respiratory sinus arrhythmia, an index of attention, and improved memory performance for positive messages. A talking facial image on a small screen increases attention and knowledge acquisition.     

中国传媒产业市场结构、行为与绩效分析

据摩根斯坦利全球投资报告的统计分析,建立起世界级有竞争力的大企业,传媒业仅需要8年时间,远远快于医药业、银行、电力、能源等行业。可以说,传媒业已经成为继电子信息、制造业、烟草业之后我国排名第四的国家支柱产业,对其产业状况进