丹麦特殊教育的发展概况

丹麦是一个工、农业生产都较为先进 ,教育也较发达的国家 ,也是世界上实施义务教育比较早的国家 ,而特殊教育的水平在欧洲各国中也是名列前茅的 ,当然也存在着这样那样的问题。本文从丹麦的教育、特殊教育和特殊师范教育三个方面入手 ,简要地阐述丹麦特殊教育发展的基本情况和存在的问题 ,以期为我国特殊教育的进步提供一些参考 ,提高我国的特殊教育发展水平。     

双流向多层次教育安置模式、全纳教育以及我国特殊教育发展格局的探讨

该文分析了美国“双流向多层次教育安置模式”的特点,并在对这一模式进行批判性分析的基础之上阐述了全纳教育的基本观点以及西方特殊教育发展模式的主要变迁。然后,作者对我国特殊教育发展格局进行了思考,认为我国特殊教育发展格局应调整为“以一定数量的特殊教育学校为资源中心,大量的随班就读结合资源教室或巡回辅导教师制为主体”的基本格局。     

全纳教育背景下特殊教育资源探讨

全纳教育理念追求教育公平、机会平等,尊重个体差异,主张普通学校应接纳所有儿童,认为社会应构建全纳学校、全纳社区,进而构建全纳性社会.随着社会的发展,资源、教育资源的内涵与外延不断更新.在全纳教育背景下,对特殊教育资源进行界定,得出全纳教育理念及特殊教育资源对教师、教育的启示.特殊教育资源应从本国具体历史条件出发,突出对特殊教育运转和发展的信息、价值、功能作用,并应将之用于特殊教育实践活动当中.     

Inclusion in Norway: a study of ideology in practice

The purpose of this research was to examine how Norway's ideology of inclusion is realized in Norwegian schools and school systems, and what factors work to support or hinder its implementation. Using semi-structured interviews, we obtained data from our informants at multiple levels in the Norwegian educational system in one municipality. Our data analyses focused on identifying themes that were shared by multiple informants, as well as retaining important points or perspectives from individuals. Generally all of the informants were positive towards the ideology of inclusion. The biggest difficulty facing its implementation seemed to be that of social integration. This was much more of a concern than curricular integration. Probably because of such challenges, schools still placed students in separate settings. Factors that affected inclusion included: characteristics of teachers, classroom environment, school climate, cooperation, support from people with competence, attitudes and resources.     

教育公平是全纳教育的核心内涵

全纳教育是目前国际教育发展的一个重要趋势。在我国全纳教育引 发了人们对教育公平问题的思考。本文借鉴教育公平思想理论,对全纳教育 的起点、过程、结果进行了全方位的分析并指出,全纳教育是一种以教育的公 平为本位的全新教育理念,教育公平是全纳教育的核心内涵。     

关于全纳教育思想的几点理论回顾及其对我们的启示

本文立足于对西方全纳教育思想有关的文献的分析 ,概要地回顾了全纳教育发展的历史、揭示了全纳教育思想的基本观点、描述了与之有关的不同概念之间的联系、总结了围绕全纳教育思想的不同争论 ,并结合我国随班就读的发展进行了有意义的讨论     

特殊教育与美学教育

残疾学生由于生理缺陷及社会环境的影响,在不同程度上出现心理障碍,通过美学教育,把美学与人生结合起来,以达到自身心灵美化的目的.     

全纳教育:实施模式、策略和实践特征

全纳教育是国际特殊教育发展的主要思潮 ,也是 2 1世纪世界教育发展的趋势。本文对全纳教育的实施模式、策略、实践特征分别进行简述 ,以期对我国教育改革有一定的参考作用。     

差异教学的开展与全纳教育的实施

二十世纪九十年代,世界全民教育大会召开后,“全纳教育”这一新理念在世界范围内迅速传播;与此同时,“差异教学”思想理念在东西方不同的国度同时发展起来。两者相继产生,它们之间是否有内在的联系?本文将通过对二者的内涵、产生背景、理论基础及价值取向等进行全面的分析比较,以探讨二者之间的相互关系。     

The initial training of teachers to teach children with special educational needs: A national survey of English Post Graduate Certificate of Education programmes

With moves towards inclusive education, there are demands for developments in initial teacher education as regards special needs and inclusive education. This paper outlines initial training in England within an international context. It then reports findings of a recent national survey of Programme directors and subject tutors of Post Graduate Certificate in Education programmes (PGCE) for primary and secondary teachers about the initial training provision in this aspect teaching. The main findings are about varied practices across placement schools, the commitment to the training partnership, coordination problems across the partnership and organising teaching experience of pupils with SEN. The implications of the study are also discussed in national and international terms.     

The aims of special education schools and units in Kenya: a survey of headteachers

The paper reports a questionnaire survey of headteachers of special schools and special units in Kenya, focusing in particular on their educational aims. The study is located in the broader context of special educational provision and developments in Africa. These include the colonial legacy, the influence of indigenous and traditional concepts of education and disability, and national policies engaging with issues of curriculum and inclusion. The aims the headteachers said were important were wide-ranging and included conventional academic achievement, personal and social development and citizenship, alongside skills of personal care and the control of difficult behaviour. However, the relative emphasis given to different aims suggests that the importance of traditional aims of special education in terms of control, containment and care still outweigh those of a broad and balanced educational provision. Surprisingly, there was relatively little emphasis on the importance of preparation for employment. The analysis suggests that although there have been rapid developments in the provision for special educational needs in Kenya, there remains a gap between the ambitions of national policy and actual provision at school level.     

特殊教育教师资格制度的比较研究

特殊教育教师是教育中不可或缺的师资.国际上对特殊教育教师普遍采取教师资格证书 特殊教育专业资格证书的双证书资格制度.在教师职前培养和在职培训中规定必修的特殊教育专业学分.建立中国特色的特殊教育教师资格制度需要研究和处理四个关系:义务教育教师与非义务教育教师的关系,特教师范专业与非特教师范专业毕业生的关系,特殊学校专业课教师与专业技术人员的关系,特殊学校(班)教师与普通学校随班就读教师的关系.     

Inclusive education: pushing the boundaries

This special issue is introduced. The issue draws together a selection of articles uniting theoretical and field research dealing with the notion of inclusive education and the challenges encountered in the policy-making and implementation processes. These articles represent diverse, multifaceted theoretical, disciplinary and methodological approaches to inclusion. Throughout the issue, inclusion is seen as a guiding principle, helping to accomplish quality Education for All (EFA)—education systems that benefit from diversity, aiming to build a more just, democratic society. This special issue is devoted to the theme of the 48th International Conference of Education, “Inclusive Education: The Way of the Future” (Geneva, 25–28 November, 2008).

Country Briefing: Special education in Denmark

Denmark is a country with a relatively high expenditure on education, and was one of the first countries in the Integration movement. Now the country is including all but 1.25 per cent of all pupils in a comprehensive school. The 1.25 per cent are attending special schools or special classes. To make this possible, 13 per cent of all students in regular schools on a yearly basis receive special needs education support as a supplement to regular education. Special education within the regular school system has existed for 99 years, and special teacher training has a 66-year history, originating in training of speech therapists. At present, the prevalence of special needs education is between 25 and 35 per cent, and this gives rise to questions about the relation between special needs education and differentiation of instruction which, in turn, has implications for training of teachers in special needs education.     

从中美特殊教育的比较看个别化教育计划在中国的实施

个别化教育计划在美国产生于20世纪70年代中期,历经20多年的实施与改进,已经形成比较完善的规模.本文旨在通过对中美两国个别化教育计划实施过程中若干问题的比较,借鉴美国实施个别化教育计划的经验和教训,对在我国如何实行个别化教育计划提出个人的建议与思考.