The Threshold Effect of Advertising on the Intensity of Price Promotions: Using a Rational Expectations Model

Due to the downward sloping demand curve, a retailer can use price promotions to induce store traffic. On the other hand, price promotions can bring negative effects that increase consumers' conditional risks over quality, so that the results expected by retailers may not be achieved. This study investigates whether manufacturer advertising can mitigate the negative effects caused by retailer price promotions. A rational expectation model shows that the relation between advertising and price promotions is not unidirectional. A threshold exists that can ensure whether an increase in advertising expenditures reduces negative effects from price promotions. When advertising coverage exceeds this threshold, an increase in advertising expenditures mitigates negative effects and makes price promotions an effective way to build store traffic. Below the threshold, an increase in advertising expenditures might aggravate the negative effects from price promotions and decrease price sensitivity. Accordingly, marketing practitioners can design product pricing decisions depending on whether advertising information crosses this threshold.     

The direct and indirect effects of advertising on materialism of college students in China

In this study, we propose a theoretical framework through which we examine the direct and the indirect effects of advertising on college students’ materialistic attitudes in China. The framework is built on the influence-of-presumed-influence model, which allows us to examine how advertising and peer influence interact with each other and exert joint effects. We conducted a survey of 210 undergraduate students aged from 17 to 24 in Beijing, China. Results of the survey suggest that, in addition to its direct effect, advertising produces an indirect effect on college students’ materialism via their presumed advertising influence on peers. The findings of this study have practical implications for both educators and marketers.     

从广告代理制的实质看我国广告代理制的根本症结

通过探讨西方广告代理制的实质,本文分析了我国广告代理制存在的根本问题,即我国的广告代理制并非全面代理而仅仅是部分代理,集中体现为广告公司在媒介代理环节的缺位。造成这种不健全的代理制的根本原因,在于广告公司专业能力的缺失。要建立规范的广告代理制,必须改变我国广告业的传统运作方式。     

What Influences Advertising Price in Television Channels?: An Empirical Analysis on the Spanish Market

Advertising has an important role in the media industry. In a context where advertising generates a negative externality for viewers, this article analyzes the factors explaining ad prices in free TV empirically. This article also considers the participation of government-owned broadcasters in the Spanish market. This study finds that private ownership is associated with higher advertising prices. The results show a positive relation between audience size and ad price and a negative relation between ad price and advertising time. In addition, this study finds that higher prices are associated with the percentage of the population between 14 and 29 years old and the regional gross domestic product per capita in the broadcast area.     

论在线广告研究体系的构想——读路易莎·哈《在线广告研究议程》

当前,金融危机的影响已经渗透到全球范围,学界和业界纷纷将广告传播的研究热点转向在线广告。2008年,走在广告学术前沿的美国学者提出了一份《在线广告研究议程》,界定了在线广告的研究十个方向。本文通过对这一议程的分析,提出了建立在线广告未来研究体系的构想,并对体系的相关研究重点予以阐述。     

Boost Movie Ticket Sales by Location-Based Advertising: A Bayesian VAR Approach

Compared to previous research studying movie advertising focusing on traditional advertising, this study introduce location-based ads (LBA), an important new media advertising, to raise limited coverage of traditional movie advertising. This study explores the role of LBA in generating ticket sales dynamically and compares it with that of pop-up window ads (PWA). Using daily aggregate cinema sales data on about three million consumers, developed time-series models reveal that (a) LBA can affect ticket sales in short and long terms, and its sales impact can last for 9 days across audience segments; (b) compared to low involvement audience segments, sales impact of LBA is 15 times larger for high involvement audience segment in long term; (c) ticket sales impact of LBA are cumulatively 3 times and 47 times stronger than those of PWA in low involvement audience segment and high involvement audience segment, respectively.     

Does Political Advertising Lead to Online Information Seeking? A Real-World Test Using Google Search Data

Though the political advertising literature has documented the effects of political advertising on political attitudes and voting behavior, less attention has been paid to the role of political advertising in stimulating information search. This study seeks to examine the impact of political advertising on real world information seeking using CMAG data from the Wisconsin Ad Project combined with Google Trends search data. Results suggest that increased advertising volume is associated with increased online information seeking. Additionally, this study tests the feasibility of using Google Trends search data as a proxy measure of political information seeking.     

大数据精准广告的伦理问题和路径分析——基于消费者感知的实证研究

在大数据时代,网购越来越成为人们生活中的一部分,网购中出现的精准广告在给消费者提供便利的同时,也存在着许多伦理问题。本研究通过问卷调查,发现消费者对精准广告中的伦理问题具有较高认知度、低敏感度和较高认可度,总体感知较高,并通过深度访问进一步得出消费者会从安全(Safety)、自愿(Voluntary)、诚信(Integrity)、有益(Beneficial)、多样(Diversity)五个维度进行精准广告伦理感知,并建立消费者伦理感知SVIBD模型。为保护消费者隐私以及解决精准广告的伦理问题,在国家法律、行业自律和消费者三个角度对精准广告的未来发展提出建设性意见。     

关于世界广告历史分期问题的思考

本文认为应按照广告业自身的专业化发展程度来划分广告历史.现代广告时期的起点作为广告历史分期基准点,应该是从广告已经开始在社会化大分工中作为一个独立的行业出现,即出现了脱离于广告主和广告媒体而独立存在的广告经营实体开始计算的.     

立体化信息服务专业读者市场化经营盘活学术期刊 --《现代图书情报技术》广告经营随想

从学术期刊的广告优势、学术期刊广告的作用与价值、国外学术期刊界的经验、图情专业期刊的独特商机、学术期刊广告经营应注意的问题和发展方向等几个方面探讨了图情专业学术期刊与广告经营的关系 ,回顾了《现代图书情报技术》创刊以来的广告经营活动 ,对广告信息的数量、结构及其变化趋势和所体现的深层内涵进行了分析。     

Incoming Editors' Note

The authors considered a model of commercial television market with advertising with probabilistic viewer choice of channel, where private broadcasters may coexist with a public television broadcaster. The broadcasters influence the probability of getting viewer attention through the amount that they spend on programming, so that their advertising capacity depends on their own program outlays as well as on those of their competitors. A larger number of broadcasters will reduce overall capacity even when total program outlays are kept fixed, because the attention of viewers is split among a larger number of channels. The authors derive properties of equilibrium in an oligopolistic market with private broadcasters and show that the number of firms has a negative effect on overall advertising and viewer satisfaction. If there is a public channel that also sells advertisements but does not maximize profits, this will have a positive effect on advertiser and viewer satisfaction.     

Advertising Content and Television Advertising Avoidance

This article proposes a new measure of television advertising avoidance, the Passive/Active Zap (PAZ), as an occurrence of a set-top box switching channels during a commercial break after at least 5 min of inactivity prior to the break. Twenty-seven percent of eligible commercial breaks are interrupted by a PAZ. A proportional hazards model is applied to a unique dataset to estimate the impact of advertising content and commercial break characteristics on PAZ behavior. The results show that advertising avoidance is negatively associated with movie ads and positively associated with advertising for websites, auto insurance and women’s clothing. Ad avoidance also tends to rise with repeated exposures to the same ad creative, advertising aired on general-interest television networks, later hours of the evening, and rainfall.     

Editors' Preface: Think Global. Drink Local. National Studies with Transnational Appeal

Ad-financed TV channels are two-sided platforms where media houses provide communication from advertisers to viewers. Most media houses air several channels, some of which are particularly valuable to advertisers. At first glance, one might expect the ad volumes to be highest for the channels that are the advertisers' favorites. However, a crucial management challenge for media houses is to ensure that viewers go where the potential for raising advertising revenue is greatest. Because viewers dislike ads, we show that this implies that advertising volumes will be relatively low (and advertising prices relatively high) in such channels. Indeed, other things equal, the ad volume in a channel is inversely related to its attractiveness to the advertising market. Only if the costs of using alternative tools to attract viewers to the advertisers' favorite channels are sufficiently small will the advertising volume in channels with high demand for ads be larger than in channels with low demand for ads.     

Which New Forms of Television Advertising Are Most Strongly Recalled? A Quantitative Analysis

In recent years the loss of effectiveness of television advertising based on traditional spots has led to the development and consolidation of new forms of advertising. In this article, the authors analyze the recall effectiveness of three new television advertising formats (television billboards, internal telepromotions, and external telepromotions). We use a representative sample of Spanish television audiences to compare the advertising recall generated by each new form of advertising. The empirical analysis, carried out by means of a probit model, shows that television billboards generate better recall than external or internal telepromotions.     

Economic Growth and Advertising Expenditures in Different Media in Different Countries

Newspaper advertising expenditures depend more strongly on economic development than advertising spent in other media. Gross domestic product (GDP), therefore, predicts ad spending better in countries where newspapers are an important advertising medium. GDP also predicts ad spending better in countries where a larger proportion of GDP is spent on advertising. Intermedia competition, on the other hand, has little impact. In conclusion, the authors propose to distinguish three advertising cultures where ad spending follows economic development in different ways.     

智能广告的程序化创意及其RECM模式研究

以智能化为核心的程序化创意是智能广告的典型形态,程序化创意是智能广告时代广告创意的智能化、个性化和程序化,其本质是以算法为核心,解决用户、环境和创意内容的匹配。传统的以人工为核心的经验创意演变为以智能算法为核心的程序化创意,后者以智能算法技术和创意DMP平台为基础,在用户协同、场景匹配以及内容相关上实现了广告创意的动态生成和优化。基于精准营销理论、场景营销理论、内容营销理论以及用户画像理论,本文提出RECM模型,用来总结分析程序化创意的特征及发展,并探讨智能广告创意的未来发展趋势。     

Price Discrimination and Audience Composition in Advertising-Based Broadcasting

In this article, a model is introduced that has 2 distinguishing features. First, the multidimensional nature of competition in media markets characterized by free access and advertising is acknowledged, through explicit modeling of vertical and horizontal differentiation. Second, the price of advertising depends on the expected audience composition, not simply on its magnitude, and the amount of price discrimination. It is found that market equilibria depend on a number of critical factors: the amount and type of price discrimination in advertising, the correlation between formats and audience composition, the relative profitability of the different market segments, and diseconomies of scale in program quality. For a variety of market structures, the ability to discriminate on the price of advertising encourages a higher level of quality in broadcast media.     

作为国家战略的国家形象广告——解读商务部《中国制造,世界合作》国家形象广告

本文通过对商务部《中国制造,世界合作》篇形象广告的传播内容、传播主体、传播渠道、传播受众和传播效果分析,揭示了广告宣传与国家形象之间的关系;并在对广告宣传与新闻宣传对比分析的基础上,提出国家形象是国家软实力的重要组成部分,而广告宣传与新闻宣传一样,也是新时期国家外宣战略的重要实现方式。     

Consumer Protection in Historical Perspective: The Five-Year Battle Over Federal Regulation of Advertising, 1933 to 1938

The 5-year period between 1933 and 1938 represents a critical juncture in the history of advertising. It was during this period, and only during this period, that Congress formally considered exactly what should be the role of advertising in our society and how it should be regulated. In this article, I chronicle some of the main issues and developments behind the struggle over the crafting and passing of legislation for the regulation of advertising that took place in the 1930s. I discuss how the Tugwell bill (S. 1944, 1934), a radical measure drafted with consumer protection in mind, evolved into the Wheeler-Lea Act of 1938, a law that rendered such protection virtually painless from advertisers' perspective. Noting that the Wheeler-Lea Act, after more than 6 decades, is still the major law on advertising regulation, the article points to some of its modern implications and evaluates its current value.     

民国时期上海大夏大学广告学系考述

大夏大学广告学系的建立是中国现代广告专业高等教育发展史上具有开创性的事业。应当时中国广告业发展趋势并借鉴美国大学广告教育模式,以培养商务广告人才为目标,紧密依托广告发展趋势和广告公司需要设置专业课程,强调通识教育与专业教育并重,注重理论与实践有机结合,是中国现代广告专业高等教育发展道路上一次极其有益的尝试。