The Congressional Record and the Credibility Gap

No abstract available for this article.     

The Congressional Archive: A Breed Apart

ABSTRACT

Congressional archives are unique among archival collections. Bigger in size and often broader in scope in terms of the kinds of records they contain, these collections place an uncommon strain on academic archives. Before agreeing to assume such a burden, it is important for administrators to understand the special characteristics of a congressional archive and their staff's ability to manage the project while fulfilling their mission to the educational institution.     

冲突与期盼--图书馆实践与著作权冲突

本文从图书馆实践角度陈述了图书馆业务工作和图书馆服务与著作权冲突;分析了二者冲突是由图书馆代表的社会公众利益与著作权法保护的著作权人利益这一根本矛盾所决定的;最后提出,为化解冲突、实现利益平衡,图书馆积极应对、努力实践的对策。     

The Quotation File in the Congressional Research Service

The Quotation File in the Congressional Research Service (CRS) has developed over the past 50 years to meet the needs of the U.S. Congress. It contains the quotations that are asked for so frequently that they are needed at hand, those that were found after long searching, and those not found, to prevent looking again. Many of the quotations are familiar and in standard sources, many are not. The file has been verified and edited to appear in book form. An overview of the entire file gives an insight into the course of American history, shows that many things do not change, and provides a good deal of humor. The dictionaries of quotations most used by CRS staff are listed.     

Congressional research service: The research and information arm of congress

Although the beginning of legislative reference service by the Library of Congress can be identified as early as 1815, a more specialized organization with the specific responsibility of providing such assistance emerged with support from leaders of the Progressive Movement just before the dawn of World War I. Subsequent revisions of this mandate in 1946 and 1970 have resulted in the current Congressional Research Service, which continues to meet the requirements of responsiveness, objectivity, and tolerance that are much a part of its two hundred years of tradition.     

数字时代图书馆与出版商的对抗

本文从图书馆与其关系密切的出版商二者性质上的根本对立谈起，从专有出版权的缺损、合理使用的萎缩、法定许可适用范围有限、著作权集体管理组织的非强制授权以及出版商在其版式设计、装帧设计的专有权等方面探讨了二者对抗中图书馆的劣势。     

The FCC: Its powers,functions and personnel

Broadcasting figured prominently in the key senatorial race of 1956 which determined the control of the United State Senate. This became the subject of investigation by Professor Tucker for his doctoral dissertation. The following article was based upon his research findings, especially edited for the Journal.     

Conflict style differences between individualists and collectivists

This study investigated the fundamental beliefs regarding cross-cultural differences in conflict styles. The sample consisted of 188 graduate students from 31 different countries residing in the U.S. Findings indicated that assumptions regarding the relationship of culture to conflict style preferences may not be valid. Preference for using five conflict styles were measured: avoiding, obliging, integrating, compromising, and dominating. The integrating style is generally the most preferred; obliging and avoiding are next, followed by compromising and dominating. Avoiding is preferred by individualists rather than by collectivists. Individualists do not differ from collectivists in their preference for the dominating conflict style. We also found that collectivists prefer compromising and integrating more than individualists do, whereas individualism-collectivism had no significant linear effect on preference for the obliging style. Conflict styles are highly multidimensional for both individualists and collectivists. Even though the five conflict styles can be subsumed under four types, the items measuring the five styles cannot be generated from any two-dimensional typology. Finally, the meaning of four of the five styles is different for individualists and collectivists: Dominating is the only style interpreted similarly by both groups. Areas for future research are considered.     

Links between Conflict Management Research and Practice

This paper explicates the implications of my research on conflict management for self improvement and for practitioners who work to improve the conflict management of others. I also note how my experiences with practitioners have informed my research.     

Campaign Agenda Formation: The News Media in the Korean Congressional Election of 2000

The present study, as an international application of an agenda-setting model, investigates how campaign agendas of issues are constructed in an election. The Korean Congressional election of 2000 provided rich empirical data for this study; the political party agenda, the civic agenda, and the news agenda were measured in terms of issue salience at two different data points in time during the official campaign period. The results of the cross-lagged rank-order correlations between different agendas indicated the following. First, the party agenda as a whole had little impact on the formation of the news agenda. The party–news relationship, however, showed a different pattern at an individual newspaper level. Specifically, a more conservative newspaper was more susceptible to those parties’ agenda-setting than was its progressive rival. Second, a nationwide civic movement for political reforms slightly influenced the formation of the news agenda, especially that of the reformist newspaper agenda. Both newspapers, on the other hand, substantially influenced the civic campaign's issue emphases. Finally, there existed no significant interactions between the party and the civic agendas.     

The FCC and Indecency: Local Television General Managers' Perceptions

A number of factors have been suggested to help explain the success of broadband in Korea. However, whatever factors are mentioned, just as many questions are raised as to why comparable roll out of high-speed Internet access has not occurred in other countries with similar characteristics. This paper argues that supply-side push and demand-side pull, a synergistic process, are combined to make broadband Internet access in Korea particularly strong. With a new type of supply of broadband capacity in the market, and an intensely competitive environment, prices dropped drastically and new killer applications were continuously created. This resulted in a supporting responsive surge in demand and sky-rocketing numbers of new subscribers. This is a very clear case of a positive spiral generated by the synergistic process of the market: success breeds success.     

Congressional Research Service Products: Purpose and Legislative Histories

Congressional Research Service (CRS) products, such as CRS Reports and Issue Briefs, are valuable reference tools that can assist reference professionals in providing service to a wide range of patrons and should not be overlooked. This article briefly explains how legislative reference bureaus came into existence and details the early legislative history of the formation of CRS, the federal legislative reference service. This article also explains what products CRS creates and for what purpose. Finally, this article provides a brief legislative history of modern congressional efforts to publicly disseminate CRS products, which includes summaries of public discourse on the subject.     

读者服务中的馆读冲突及心理学研究

在读者服务工作中,馆读(即馆员与读者)冲突是一种不可避免的现象,它对图书馆功能的实现具有消极作用。因此,我们要利用读者心理,巧妙地规避冲突;当冲突真正发生后,则要有效地予以制止。提高馆员的综合素质,特别是培养其良好的心理素质,是减少馆读冲突的核心。     

论民国时期新闻记者与报馆老板的合与争——以新闻专业主义与管理专业主义为视角的考察

新闻记者与报馆老板之间在职业理念和身份认同上既有互斥性又有相容性,在组织任务和工作实践上既有冲突性又有互依性.作为"伦理情谊化组织"的民国报馆,则使记者和老板注重提挈其情,督责其义,通过有效的沟通和对话、互适和互构,有力地纾解了其冲突之弊,增益了其合作之利.     

网络作品技术措施与著作权限制的冲突及协调

认为网络作品的技术保护措施与著作权限制的冲突主要表现在首次销售原则、时间性限制和合理使用等方面，只有对这种冲突进行有效的协调，才能维护权利人的利益与社会公众利益的平衡。     

Congress as Publisher: The magic of the U.S. Congressional Serial Set

A major part of Congressional publishing, though not the whole conspectus of it, is the U.S. Congressional Serial Set. After a quick review of the history of the Serial Set, the formal categories of publications are discussed with their statistical breakdown followed by salient examples from some of the various genres of Serial Set publications.     

保管与学术的冲突--德国档案馆的史学研究

20世纪90年代,围绕档案馆的编研工作,档案界曾有一次规模空前、观点尖锐对立的激烈争论.这次争论不仅受到了学术界的关注,还引起了档案主管部门的重视,并最终导致全国各级各类档案馆纷纷"缩短编研战线"[1].     

政府信息公开中知情权和隐私权的冲突与协调原则

知情权和隐私权是相对立的法学范畴,在政府信息公开中的矛盾既可以体现在平等主体之间,也可以体现在不平等主体之间。协调知情权和隐私权的冲突应该遵循政治与公共利益原则、人格尊严不受侵犯原则、自由流通和合理限制原则、可克减性原则以及主体参与和磋商等原则。