关于课程选择的论争与思考

课程选择问题是课程领域最基本的问题之一。新课改以来,人们围绕如何选择课程展开了激烈的争论。这些争论回归到更一般层次上,比如知识观、对社会特征的认识、对儿童经验的认识等,围绕这些问题产生的分歧和争议使得课程选择问题变得更为复杂。但是,在课程选择问题上,不管学者之间存有多大的分歧和争议,无论是从知识角度,从和社会生活联系的角度,还是从儿童的经验出发,都不应该轻视系统的科学文化知识。对系统的科学文化知识的轻视或否定,必然会遭到学校教育规律的惩罚。     

从课程领导的层面审视语文课程资源的开发

在课程研究领域里,逐渐采用“课程领导”的术语来代替传统的“课程管理”，这在一定程度上体现了课程管理领域的变革趋势。课程领导，意味着课程建设中“控制”的消解。对活、合作的课程建设的创生。学校层面的课程领导具有以下的特质：以觉知教师的课程意识为核心；以建构合作．对话、反省、慎思的学校文化为途径；以改普学生的学习成效为目标。也就是说．在课程领导的意涵中，应该关注个人价值、组织价值和制度价值。个人价值在课程领导中是一个重要而又敏感的价值根源．它包括校长、行政人员的个人价值，教师的个人价值．学生的个人价值，家长的个人价值等等，而且这些价值经常是处于冲突中的。     

体验课程论——一种整体主义的课程观(上)

课程哲学的基本问题是直接经验与间接经验（个人知识与学科知识、教材的心理组织与逻辑组织）之关系的问题,这在课程形态上则表现为经验课程与学科课程的关系问题。课程理论与课程实践的任何实质性进展都意味着在这个基本问题的探究方面作出突破。经验课程与学科课程是怎样的关系？在这个问题的认识上向来存在着二元论思维方式,结果把直接经验与间接经验、个人知识与学科知识、教材的心理组织与逻辑组织人为割裂开来,由此招致形形色色的儿童中心论和学科中心论。２０世纪初,杜威以其独特的“经验”概念消融了儿童与学科的僵硬对立,确立…     

课程知识观与意识形态——兼论国外课程知识观的转型与共存

美国教育社会学束家普尔认为课程知识具有意识形态性．它是社会各知识权力共同体相互斗争、妥协的产物，而课程改革更是围绕“官方知识”的政治活动．与阿普尔的逻辑相一致，则“关于如何选择课程知识”的课程知识观也充满着意识形态性。它往往是作为某个知识权力共同体整个世界观的一部分而存在，并且在当代世界性课程改革进程中，由于课程知识观与某个知识权力共同体存在着特殊联系，因此在课程知识规领域，各知识观间更多的是“斗争”与“并存”关系。而非一个取代另一个的“转型”关系．     

课程文化选择问题的探讨和思考

课程的文化选择存在着不同的价值取向,它们相互交织构成了课程选择的困境,影响着课程的内容、组合和评价.这一困境主要体现在三方面,即课程要服务于意识形态还是促进个人发展;课程内容要传播主流文化知识还是地方文化知识;课程功能是利于社会再生产还是社会流动.我国新一轮课程改革需要对这些文化选择问题进行深入探讨和思考.     

谈现代知识性质的演变与学习方式的变革

知识性质不同,对学习方式的要求也就不同.现代知识性质从知识的客观性到建构性、从普遍性到境域性、从中立性到价值性以及从个人性到社会性的轨迹演变,均对学习方式产生了重要影响.新的知识观要求学习者要成为知识意义的建构者,要求学习者要在社会生活情境中学习,要彰显和分享个人知识,以对话编织学习共同体,等等.     

知识个人性的缺失与回归

"客观主义"知识论者对"知识个人性"的漠视,对我国教育改革产生了消极影响。这种知识论的历史渊源很深。在西方哲学史上,"知识的个人性"曾经一度缺失,但进入20世纪以来,呼唤"知识个人性回归"的声音占了主流。而在中国传统文化与马克思主义知识论中,"知识个人性"却倍受关注,因此说当前课程改革提倡对"知识个人性"关注,符合马克思主义、适应中国文化、且顺应时代要求。     

现代课程知识的流变:价值观的视野

以现代教育“四流派”为个案,以价值观演变为主线是开展课程知识研究的一种重要策略。实用主义、要素主义、结构主义和后现代主义课程知识观流派都从自己的时代出发阐明了他们在课程知识领域的价值所向。通过对这些理论的历史考察,可以认为:社会事件是决定人们对课程知识价值定位的诱因和关键;日益多元化是课程知识价值抉择的大势所趋;对民主化社会的执着追求主导着课程知识价值论争的主题。     

当代德育课程的“阿伦特”困境

将“阿伦特”困境问题移入“德育课程”研究领域,从“阿伦特”困境的“传统”“权威”两大视角出发,重点探讨作为专门学科的“德育课程”传统的可能性争论问题,梳理“结构—功能”论者、“现象—解释”学者及社会批判论者围绕“正规德育课程”的权威与“祛魅”的争论,指出当前德育课程改革的“帕累托改进”路径——德育课程的价值取向：从“育知德育”转向“育行德育”;德育课程的生成逻辑：从静态建构转向动态生成;德育课程的主体角色：从“有利于教师教”转向“有利于学生学”;德育课程的现实功能：从“专注甄选”转向“关注发展”。     

解读新课程背景下语文知识教学的困境

,语文课程改革的进行．标志着语文学科在课程内容、教材内容、教学方式、学习方式以及评价方式上都将发生很大的变化。语文课程内容的变化是发生这一系列变化的基础．因为课程内容是回答“救什么”的问题。教材内容是回答“用什么教”的问题。教学方式是回答“怎样教的问题”。所有的环节其实都是围绕着课程的内容展开的。课程内容是课程改革的起点。而“从形式上看。课程表现为一种知识体系．课程研制的核心内容也就表现为对知识的选择与组织．因而知识是课程的最直接的一级制约因素．     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.