Physical Activity Indicators,Metabolic Biomarkers,and Comorbidity in Type 2 Diabetes

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study aimed (1) to compare physical activity (PA) indicators, metabolic biomarkers, and comorbidity, (2) to investigate the relationship between PA indicators and metabolic biomarkers, comorbidity and (3) to identify barriers to PA in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who are using oral hypoglycaemic agent (OHA) or combined OHA and insulin (OHAiN). Methods: Sixty-one patients were classified as patients using only OHA or combined OHAiN. Metabolic biomarkers (waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, comorbidity and PA indicators (self-reported PA, number of steps (NOS), 6-minute walking distance (6MWD)) were assessed. PA perceptions and reasons for inactivity were questioned. Results: The comorbidity (p = .013), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = .026), total cholesterol (p = .008) and HbA1c (p = .020) were higher and PA level was lower (p = .007) in the OHAiN group. NOS was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = .037) and negatively correlated with BMI (p = .007). 6MWD was negatively correlated with BMI (p = .014) and comorbidity (p = .004) in the OHA group. BMI was a significant predictor of NOS (adjusted R² = 0.242) and comorbidity for 6MWD (adjusted R² = 0.250) in the OHA group. The majority of the patients (OHA = 34.3%, OHAiN = 42.3%) reported “lack of time” as the most common barrier to PA. Conclusions: This study showed that patients on OHAiN have lower PA levels, poorer metabolic profiles, and higher comorbidity rates than OHA users. PA indicators were related with some metabolic biomarkers and comorbidity in only OHA users. The most common reason for inactivity was “the lack of time” in both groups.     

运动对2 型糖尿病绝经妇女血清脂联素与胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:研究24周规律运动对2型糖尿病绝经后妇女血清脂联素水平的影响,及其与体成分变化和胰岛素抵抗状态改善的关系.方法:将21名受试者(53.67±3.57岁,BMI 26.22±2.89)随机分成运动组及对照组,进行24周运动试验(每周3次,每次70 rain o试验前后测量身体形态指标、空腹血糖、血脂、胰岛素、血清脂联素.并计算体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).结果:运动组体重、BMI、体脂含量、空腹血糖、胰岛素和HOMA-IR水平显著下降,高密度脂蛋白胆同醇(HDL-C)水平显著性升高.血清脂联素升高37.57%(P=0.03);与对照组相比.体重、BMI、体脂含量、空腹血糖、胰岛素、甘油三酯、HDL-C、HOMA-IR及脂联素水平的变化率有显著的组间差异.运动引起的HOMA-IR水平改善与脂联素水平升高呈显著负相关(r=-0.553,P=0.01).结论:24周每周3次规律运动显著降低了2型糖尿病绝经后妇女空腹血糖和胰岛素水平,改善了胰岛素抵抗状态,并使血清脂联素水平升高.运动改善胰岛素抵抗状态与脂联素的升高密切相关.     

Bone mass in girls according to their BMI,VO2 max,hours and years of practice

The accumulation of bone mass during puberty is related with bone health in adulthood. This accumulation is influenced by diverse factors such as body mass index (BMI), maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max), hours of training and years of sport practice. For this reason, the objective of this study is to analyse the influence of these variables on bone mass in young female athletes. The sample is formed of 120 healthy girls with ages between 9 and 13 (11.32?±?1.6?years old), divided into two groups depending on their BMI, VO₂ max, hours of training and years of sport practice. The participants completed a series of tests to evaluate level of sexual development, body composition (fat mass, lean mass and bone mass) and physical condition. The results show higher values of total lean mass, total fat mass and percentage of body fat in the groups with higher BMI in prepubertal girls and pubertal girls (p?2 max, in the prepubertal group, girls with lower VO₂ max had higher values of total fat mass (p?p?2 max also showed a higher total fat mass (p?相似文献   

Validity and Reliability of Self Report Measures of Physical Activity: An Information-Processing Perspective

Abstract

The published data on the reliability of self report measures of physical activity most commonly used in the cardiovascular disease epidemiology literature revealed high test-retest reliability coefficients for two of the measures, and modest to nonexistent intertest correlations. Validity coefficients were low to modest. The published data on the accuracy of the self report measures, however, revealed memory decay, memory of rare events alone, and lack of motivation in memory recall. An information processing model, composed of encoding, storage, and retrieval processes is proposed to understand the memory of physical activity, and to identify necessary skills for accurate self report identified at each step in the process. Questions requiring further research to specify this model and, in turn, improve accuracy of recall, are raised.     

代谢综合征与运动干预对中心性肥胖影响的研究进展

代谢综合征（metabolicsyndrome,MS）是一系列代谢异常成分在同一个体聚集的临床综合症状,中心性肥胖是其重要的发病危险因素和临床表现之一。此外,有诸多研究显示中心性肥胖还是胰岛素抵抗（insulinresistance,IR）的一个重要发病基础。中心性肥胖症患者实施运动干预,对MS、IR有着显著的影响。本文通过文献资料法就中心性肥胖的危害和运动干预对中心性肥胖的影响进行综述。     

胰岛素抵抗及其运动干预的研究进展

通过文献资料法,对胰岛素抵抗及其运动干预的相关研究进行综述,旨在为利用运动干预进行防病治病提供理论依据,也为这一领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

8周游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠海马胰岛素抵抗的影响及机制

目的 探讨糖尿病大鼠海马胰岛素抵抗的发生发展及在运动干预下糖尿病海马胰岛素抵抗与半乳糖苷凝集素3以及脂联素/AMPK/GLUT4信号通路之间的关系.方法 高脂饮食联合腹腔注射低剂量STZ诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠建模成功后随机分为糖尿病对照组(DM组)和糖尿病运动组(DME组)两组.DM组大鼠不运动,DME组进行8周无负重游...     

抗阻运动对2型糖尿病的作用及机制研究进展

近年来,糖尿病发病率在全球迅速增加,已经成为严重的公共卫生问题之一。运动疗法是糖尿病防治的重要方法之一,有氧运动在糖尿病防治中的作用已得到认可并推广,但抗阻运动的作用却未得到重视。本文分析了抗阻运动对2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制、胰岛素抵抗、肌糖原合成、线粒体功能、脂质积聚、心理健康等几方面的作用及相关机制,为建立2型糖尿病科学、全面的运动治疗方案提供依据。     

太极拳锻炼对Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高血压疗效影响的机制探讨

通过观查40例Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高血压的患者练习太极拳前后血压,血糖,胰岛素及受体的变化,研究太极拳锻炼对Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高血压患者疗效的影响以及可能的作用机制。在常规药物治疗的基础上参加规定的太极拳动作的学习及锻炼3个月。分别采集各实验组和对照组在锻炼前和锻炼12周结束后空腹状态下血液,进行如下指标的测试:血糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白。结果显示运动组治疗后24小时血压、白天收缩压比治疗前有所下降,经统计学处理有显著性差异,但其他各项值虽有数量上的变化,但经统计学处理,与治疗前比较,无显著性差异。运动组血糖水平下降,胰岛素水平升高,高、低亲和力受体个数(r)和高低亲和力受体容量(R)显著升高。     

Occupational Physical Activity,Overweight, and Mortality

Abstract

This population-based 24-year follow-up study evaluated the association of occupational physical activity (OPA) with overweight and mortality in 47,405 men and women, healthy at baseline, and reporting OPA as sedentary (reference), light, moderately heavy, or heavy. The adjusted odds ratio for overweight was slightly less than 1 for all categories of current nonsedentary work in men but increased by OPA in women. Only heavy OPA conferred a lower mortality with an adjusted rate ratio of 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.92) for men and 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.91) for women. This observational study, with OPA recorded in the 1970s and 1980s, suggested a slight protective effect for overweight by nonsedentary work for men and lower mortality by heavy OPA for both genders.     

体育锻炼对研究生健康影响的实验研究

通过实验研究体育锻炼对研究生健康和体质的积极影响与促进作用,并揭示不同运动量（强度）的体育锻炼对提高研究生健康和体质的不同效应。     

Effect of a randomised 12-week resistance training programme on muscular strength,cross-sectional area and muscle quality in women having undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 12-week resistance training programme on fat-free mass (FFM), muscle cross-sectional area, muscular strength and muscle quality in women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Participants were 16 women (mean age = 44.9 ± 10.2 years) from bariatric surgical groups who were randomly assigned into either a control or an intervention group. Air displacement plethysmography measured FFM and magnetic resonance imaging measured quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area and whole thigh muscle cross-sectional area. Muscular strength and quality was assessed using an estimated 1-Repetition Maximum assessment. All measurements were collected twice, at baseline and at a 12-week follow-up. There were significantly greater improvements in leg press strength (mean differences = 55.4%, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 2.4), leg extension strength (mean differences = 18.0%, P = 0.014, Cohen’s d = 0.86) and leg press muscle quality (mean differences = 54.5%, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.9) in the intervention group compared to the control group following the resistance training programme. The resistance training intervention significantly improved muscular strength and quality; however, it did not illicit changes in FFM or muscle cross-sectional area in women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.     

糖尿病、运动与血清视黄醇结合蛋白4关系的综述

通过文献法综述了糖尿病、运动与血清视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4）的关系。结果表明：胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病发生发展的重要因素之一。RBP4作为一个脂肪细胞来源的信使,与胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病密切相关,RBP4在2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗机制中起重要作用。血清中RBP4水平的升高可能是导致高胰岛素血症的原因之一,RBP4可能影响胰岛素的敏感性。RBP4削弱骨骼肌的胰岛素信号通路是通过胰岛素受体底物的磷酸化实现的。运动手段是治疗2型糖尿病的主要方法,运动能够降低血清RBP4水平,改善胰岛素抵抗和脂代谢。     

科学体育在全民健身中的作用

通过对科学体育的分析研究,论述了全民健身活动的理论基础,探讨了“运动处方”和“运动负荷价值阈”在全民健身活动中的作用和运用方法。     

运动处方对糖尿病高危人群血糖、血脂与体质指标的影响

采用跟踪实验法观察24周运动处方锻炼对糖尿病高危人群血糖、血脂与体质指标的影响。结果,糖尿病高危患者锻炼后,体重、体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比、收缩压和静态心率均显著减少(P<0.05),肺活量、握力、座位体前屈显著增加(P<0.05);空腹血糖、葡萄糖负荷试验2h后血糖、糖化血红蛋白(GHbA1c)、血清甘油三酯、血清总胆固醇(TC)和血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均显著降低(P<0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)却显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:长期、系统、有针对性的运动处方锻炼可显著改善糖尿病高危人群的血糖、血脂和体质指标,对患者增强体质和预防糖尿病的发生有重要作用。     

大气颗粒物污染与运动

大气颗粒物是对人体健康危害极大的污染物。人体在大气污染的环境中进行运动,随着通气量的增加,吸入体内颗粒物数量也增多,运动者会出现一些呼吸系统功能下降的症状,对健康和运动能力造成不利的影响。针对大气颗粒物对运动者健康和运动能力造成的影响做一综述。     

胰岛素抵抗和血管内皮功能障碍及其运动干预的研究进展

就有氧运动对胰岛素抵抗与血管内皮功能障碍的影响进行分析,以期利用有氧运动为疾病的防治提供理论依据。     

运动干预对中老年Ⅱ型糖尿病病人症状改善作用研究

目的:为了探究运动干预对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的治疗效果,向患者普及科学健身的知识和方法,增强其体质,延缓病情进一步恶化。方法:通过对社区医院109名40~69岁的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者实施运动干预,并于实验前、中、后期对受试者形态、机能、素质及糖脂代谢指标进行测试。结果:与同期对照组和组内干预前相比,12周末运动组的体重、BMI、收缩压、TC和TG显著降低(P<0.05),12周末的台阶指数、坐位体前屈显著增加(P<0.05);6周末和12周末运动组的肺活量、HDL显著增加(P<0.05),6周末和12周末运动组的选择反应时、FPG、2hPBG、HbA1c、LDL显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:12周运动干预能够在一定程度上改善形态、素质和机能指标,提高机体的有氧代谢能力,其中对改善糖脂代谢的效果较好,能够在一定程度上有效控制FPG、2hPBG、HbA1c水平,提升HDL水平,降低TC、TG和LDL水平,更好地调控血糖。     

Association Between Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity and Objectively Measured Hearing Sensitivity Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured physical activity and hearing sensitivity among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults with diabetes. Method: Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. One hundred eighty-four U.S. adults with diabetes wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer and had their hearing function objectively assessed. A negative binomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and hearing sensitivity. Results were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, comorbidity index, marital status, cotinine, homocysteine, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycohemoglobin (HbA_1c), C-reactive protein, microalbuminuria, noise exposure, and vision impairment. Results: Compared to those with hearing within normal limits, results showed that participants with mild hearing loss and moderate or greater hearing loss, respectively, engaged in 93% fewer minutes of MVPA (incident rate ratio = 0.07; 95% CI [0.01, 0.60]) and 94% fewer minutes of MVPA (incident rate ratio = 0.06; 95% CI [0.01, 0.54]). Conclusion: Adults with diabetes who have greater hearing impairment are less physically active. Future research is needed to determine the direction of causality.     

中老年2型糖尿病有氧运动干预的Meta分析

目的:检验间歇和持续有氧运动对中老年2型糖尿病患者的干预效果,从而提供较为科学合理的运动处方。方法:通过Web of science、PubMed/MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、SportDiscus、中国知网(CNKI)、万方等中外文数据库,检索有关间歇与持续有氧运动干预中老年2型糖尿病患者的随机对照试验研究,利用Review Manager 5.3统计软件进行计量分析,包括偏倚风险评估、异质性分析、合并效应与效应大小检验和敏感性分析。结果:1)共纳入9项研究,包括297名被试;2)间歇训练与持续训练能有效改善中老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗、BMI、有氧适能和疲劳、幸福感等身心健康指标;3)两者在改善HbA1c%(P=0.04)、总胆固醇(P=0.00)、收缩压(P=0.00)和有氧适能(P=0.00)方面存在显著差异;4)15～30 min/次、3～5次/周,持续8～12周的中至高等强度间歇训练对糖化血红蛋白、收缩压和有氧适能的干预效应更优,而长于12周、5次/周、大于30 min/次的中等强度间歇训练对总胆固醇可以产生较好的干预效应。结论:间歇训...